Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal (Workers Peasants Socialist Party) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in Bangladesh . The SKSD was formed in 1969 by sympathizers of the Revolutionary Socialist Party of India in East Pakistan .
107-563: In April 1983, the SKSD joined the 15-party alliance, which included the Awami League , to oppose the Ershad regime. When the alliance split over the question of whether to participate in the 1986 general election , the SKSD remained allied with four other left-leaning parties that pledged to boycott any elections held under Ershad. In 1994, the SKSD joined eight other left-wing parties to form
214-410: A Havilder to kill Sheikh Russel , who was crying for his mother. A witness reported soldiers looting the house. A dead policeman was seen at the entrance. Major Huda went to Sher Shah road at Mohammadpur to order 10 coffins from carpenters. Major Huda also removed the bodies the next day through an army escort. Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani was the nephew of Rahman and viewed as a likely successor. He
321-586: A presidential form of government. Sheikh Mujib renamed the League the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BAKSAL), and banned all other parties. The consequences lead to a critical political state. BAKSAL was dissolved after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The move towards a secular form of government caused widespread dissatisfaction among many low ranking military personnel, most of whom received training from
428-558: A famine : 70,000 people died, and support for Mujib declined. Bangladesh continued exporting jute to Cuba, violating US economic sanctions, the Nixon government barred grain imports to Bangladesh. This exacerbated famine conditions. In January 1975, facing violent leftist insurgents Mujib declared a state of emergency and later assumed the presidency, after the Awami League dominated parliament decided to switch from parliamentary to
535-899: A historical, though still influential, ideological base combining left-wing nationalism , socialism , and democratic socialism . The party's nationalist outlook is primarily concentrated in its fundamental principles and historical role of nationalism in the Independence War. The ideology of Awami League has been evolved through political and socio-economic landscape of the country since its creation. The Party President Sheikh Hasina claimed that her party's ideology has been blended with pragmatism . Party's constitution states four fundamental principles in guiding its philosophy and policies: democracy , socialism , secularism and nationalism . The origins of these principles can be traced to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 's political thought . Awami League has been committed to secularism for
642-731: A landmark order for the establishment of the Bangla Academy in Dhaka. As tensions with the western wing grew due to the demands for greater provincial autonomy in East Bengal, Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad dismissed the United Front government on 29 May 1954 under Article 92/A of the provisional constitution of Pakistan. In September 1956, the Awami League formed a coalition with the Republican Party to secure
749-504: A link to assassinated members of the 1972–1975 AL government were Sayed Ashraful Islam , son of Syed Nazrul Islam , Sheikh Fazle Noor Taposh , son of Sheikh Fazlul Huq Moni , and Sohel Taj , son of Tajuddin Ahmad . Since 2009, the Awami League government faced several major political challenges, including BDR ( Bangladesh Rifles ) mutiny, power crisis, unrest in garments industry and stock market fluctuations. Judicial achievements for
856-405: A long time. The party has promoted a strong secular image and depicted itself as a defender of secularism against Islamism . Most of the party leaders support the restoration of the original constitution of 1972 by removing Islam as the state religion . Since Islam has been made as the state religion of Bangladesh, Awami League has been trying to defended secularism in light of Islam. Being
963-539: A majority in the new National Assembly of Pakistan and took over the central government. Awami League President Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy became the Prime Minister of Pakistan . Suhrawardy pursued a reform agenda to reduce the long-standing economic disparity between East and West Pakistan, greater representation of Bengalis in the Pakistani civil and armed services and he unsuccessfully attempted to alleviate
1070-629: A member of parliament from Habiganj , was killed in a grenade attack in Sylhet later that year. In June 2005, the Awami League won an important victory when the AL nominated incumbent mayor A.B.M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury won the important mayoral election in Chittagong, by a huge margin, against BNP nominee State Minister of Aviation Mir Mohammad Nasiruddin . This election was seen as a showdown between
1177-577: A number of students including Abdus Salam , Rafiq Uddin Ahmed , Abul Barkat and Abdul Jabbar . The events of 1952 are widely seen by historians today as a turning point in the history of Pakistan and the Bengali people, as it was the starting point of the Bengali nationalist struggle that eventually culminated in the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy, who had been
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#17327870641521284-649: A part of Pakistan, and the establishment of the Muslim was led by its founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah and his Muslim League party. In 1948, there was rising agitation in East Bengal against the omission of Bengali script from coins, stamps and government exams. Thousands of students, mainly from the University of Dhaka, protested in Dhaka and clashed with security forces. Prominent student leaders including Shamsul Huq , Khaleque Nawaz Khan , Shawkat Ali , Kazi Golam Mahboob , Oli Ahad , and Abdul Wahed were arrested and
1391-749: A pragmatist party, Awami League often compromises with the Islamist political parties in social issues, which has been criticized. The party's tolerance of the Islamic practices, retaining of Islam as the state religion , silence during the attacks on secularists in Bangladesh , has been questioned. Sheikh Hasina supported calls to remove the Statue of Justice in Bangladesh Supreme Court. Many criticized these calls, saying Sheikh Hasina
1498-547: A recognizable and relatable image in riverine Bangladesh. The salutation Joy Bangla ( Bengali : জয় বাংলা ; meaning "Victory to Bengal" or "Long live Bengal") is the official slogan of the Awami League. It was the slogan and war cry of the Mukti Bahini that fought for the independence of Bangladesh during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The phrase Joy Bangla, Joy Bangabandhu is used by
1605-627: A scuffle with the sons of Gazi Golam Mostafa , a leader of the Awami League, at a function at the Dhaka Ladies club . In retaliation, some officers and soldiers of the Lancer unit and 2 Field Artillery Regiment of the Bangladesh Army attacked Golam Mostofa's residence. As a result, Major Dalim, Major S.H.M.B Noor Chowdhury , and other officers were charged with breach of discipline. Major Dalim had sought help from President Sheikh Mujib but
1712-733: Is currently (2005) the coordinator of LDF. The student wing of SKSD is the Samajbadi Chhatra Jote and the agricultural labour wing is the Khet Majdur Sabha. This communist party –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a Bangladeshi political party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Awami League The Bangladesh Awami League ( Bengali : বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ , lit. 'Bangladesh People's League'), simply known as Awami League ( Bengali: [awɐmiliːg] ),
1819-573: Is one of the major political parties in Bangladesh . The oldest existing political party in the country, the party played the leading role in achieving the independence of Bangladesh . It is also one of the two most dominant parties in the country, along with its archrival Bangladesh Nationalist Party . The party was founded as the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League ( Urdu : آل پاکستان عوامی مسلم لیگ ) in 1949 by
1926-543: The All-India Muslim League (AIML)-nominated prime minister of Bengal in 1937 and held the same office after 1946 elections, did not agree to 'Muslim League' as the name of AIML in Pakistan. He initiated the thought that the ideal of political representation under religious identity was no longer prudent after independence and the organisation might be called the 'Pakistan League'. Moreover, he claimed that
2033-699: The Bengali nationalists Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani , Yar Mohammad Khan and Shamsul Huq , and joined later by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy who went on to become Prime Minister of Pakistan . It was established as the socialist Bengali alternative to the domination of the Muslim League in Pakistan and over centralisation of the government. The party quickly gained a massive popular support in East Bengal (later named East Pakistan ) and eventually led
2140-594: The Jatiya Party led by former military ruler Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad as well as some leftist parties. According to the Official Results, Bangladesh Awami League won 230 out of 300 constituencies, and together with its allies, had a total of 262 parliamentary seats. The Awami League and its allies received 57% of the total votes cast. The AL alone got 48%, compared to 36% of
2247-539: The Left Democratic Front , which formed the core of the 11-party alliance in 1996. The alliance contested the June 1996 and 2001 general elections , but failed to win any seat. In the 2001 parliamentary elections, Nirmal Sen was the sole SKSD candidate. The 11-party alliance disintegrated in 2005. The general secretary of the party is Nirmal Sen. The party publishes Samajbadi ( The Socialist ). SKSD
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#17327870641522354-652: The Pakistani army . On 15 August 1975 during the time of Major General K. M. Shafiullah as a Chief of the Army Staff, some junior members of the armed forces in Dhaka , led by Major Faruk Rahman and Major Rashid, murdered Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and all his family members, including his wife and minor son. Within months, on 3 November 1975, four more of its top leaders, Syed Nazrul Islam , Tajuddin Ahmed , Muhammad Mansur Ali and A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman were killed inside
2461-579: The Persian-Arabic script was Bengali . Against this backdrop, Bengali nationalism began to take root within the Muslim League and the party's Bengali members began to take a stand for recognition. On 23 June 1949, Bengali nationalists from East Bengal broke away from the Muslim League, Pakistan's dominant political party, and established the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League . Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and Shamsul Huq were elected
2568-557: The President of Bangladesh , four have become the Prime Minister of Bangladesh and one became the Prime Minister of Pakistan . East Pakistan Awami Muslim League was formed as a breakaway faction of the Muslim League in 1949, within two years of the formation of Pakistan. The word Muslim was dropped in 1953 and it became a secular party. The word Awami is the adjectival form for the Urdu word Awam , which means "people"; thus
2675-711: The Soviet Union -influenced India . Since 1975, Bangladesh had been under different military governments, with democracy being partially restored a few times and permanently in 1990. Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana , the two daughters of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, survived the assassinations of their family as they were in West Germany in August 1975. Sheikh Hasina was subsequently elected five times Prime Minister of Bangladesh, in 1996, 2009, 2014, 2018, and January 2024. Her regime ended in self-imposed exile following
2782-481: The 12 convicts on 19 November 2009. Three sought presidential pardons but were refused. On 27 January 2010, Bangladesh Supreme Court refused the convicts application for review. On 28 January 2010, five of the convicts in custody were executed. The hanged were Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan , AKM Mohiuddin Ahmed , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Syed Faruque Rahman , Bazlul Huda . On the 7 April 2020, Captain Abdul Majed who
2889-622: The 300 provincial assembly seats in East Pakistan. This win gave the Awami League a healthy majority in the 313-seat National Assembly and placed it in a position to establish a national government without a coalition partner. This was not acceptable to the political leaders of West Pakistan and led directly to the events of the Bangladesh Liberation War . The Awami League leaders, taking refuge in India, successfully led
2996-451: The 9-month 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War that ended with the surrender of Pakistani forces in Bangladesh to an allied force of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini and Indian Armed forces . In 1973, Sheikh Mujibur's Bangladesh Awami League won the first parliamentary election in independent Bangladesh by a landslide. Besides military officers, career politicians and bureaucrats like Khondoker Mostaq Ahmed and some other ministers who worked in
3103-615: The Awami League and the BNP. However, the killing of party leaders continued. In December 2005, the AL supported Mayor of Sylhet narrowly escaped the third attempt on his life as a grenade thrown at him failed to explode. In September 2006, several of the party's top leaders, including Saber Hossain Chowdhury MP and Asaduzzaman Nur MP, were hospitalised after being critically injured by police beatings while they demonstrated in support of electoral-law reforms. Starting in late October 2006,
3210-406: The Awami League emerged as one of the principal players of Bangladeshi politics. The party formed governments winning the 1996 , 2008 , 2014 , 2018 and 2024 general elections. Throughout its tenure as the ruling party from 2009 to 2024 under Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh experienced democratic backsliding and was consistently described as authoritarian , dictatorial and fascist . It
3317-486: The Awami League led alliance carried out a series of nationwide demonstrations and blockades centring on the selection of the leader of the interim caretaker administration to oversee the 2007 elections. Although an election was scheduled to take place on 22 January 2007 that the Awami League decided to boycott, the country's military intervened on 11 January 2007 and installed an interim government composed of retired bureaucrats and military officers. Throughout 2007 and 2008,
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3424-737: The Dhaka Central Jail as they were on behalf of BAKSAL. Only Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana , daughters of Mujib, survived the 1988 Chittagong Massacre as they were in West Germany as a part of a cultural exchange program. They later claimed political asylum in the United Kingdom. Sheikh Rehana, the younger sister, chose to remain in the UK permanently, while Sheikh Hasina moved to India and lived in self-imposed exile. Her stays abroad helped her gain important political friends in
3531-586: The Flag represent the four fundamental principles of the party. During the post- Mughal era , no political parties existed in the area known as Bangla or Bangal. After the British arrived and established government, the system of political representation (though much later) was adopted in the area of Bangla (Bengal) or introduced in Bengal. After the official departure of the British, the area known as East Bengal became
3638-517: The Government of Bangladesh from all types of political and organizational activities and declared as a terrorist organization on 23 Oct 2024. The party has been labelled as centrist and centre-left , however, it has also been accused of being far-right and authoritarian since 2021. Awami League has been described as secular (though this is disputed), social-democratic , social-liberal , and economic-liberal , with
3745-439: The Muslim League's objective of struggling to form a nation state had been achieved therefore political representation should continue focusing on nationalism based on Pakistani sovereignty. Suhrawardy's suggestion was not accepted and he parted ways with the party to be re-established as the Awami League in 1949. This was to serve the first shock to the country's political structure. In 1953, the party's council meeting voted to drop
3852-609: The Muslim League. However, due to its strength stemming from the discriminated Bengali population of Pakistan's eastern wing, the party eventually became associated and identified with East Bengal. In 1952, the Awami Muslim League and its student wing played an instrumental role in the Bengali Language Movement , during which Pakistani security forces fired upon protesting students demanding Bengali be declared an official language of Pakistan, killing
3959-604: The National Democratic Front against Ayub Khan's military-backed rule and to restore elective democracy. However the alliance failed to obtain any concessions. Instead the electoral colleges appointed a new parliament and the President exercised executive authority. Widespread discrimination prevailed in Pakistan against Bengalis during the regime of Khan. The University of Dhaka became a hotbed for student activism advocating greater rights for Bengalis and
4066-433: The Pakistani government and Rahman's government were involved in the conspiracy as well because they still wanted to be part of Pakistan and blamed Sheikh Mujibur Rahman for the 1971 liberation war. According to these plans, they got involved in scuffles that made it seem they were unrelated to a deep-seated conspiracy and intentionally engineered political crises. In 1973, Shariful Haque Dalim and his wife were involved in
4173-434: The Pakistani state. They included Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the Awami League, who served as commerce minister. Leaders of the new provincial government demanded greater provincial autonomy for East Bengal and eventually succeeded in pressuring Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra , himself a Bengali , to endorse the proposed constitutional recognition of Bengali as an official language of Pakistan. The United Front also passed
4280-622: The Police and other agencies, violently cracked down on the protesters. In spite of that crackdown, the protests could not be quelled. The government imposed internet shutdown as well as curfews to forcefully stop the momentum of the movement. Eventually, the protests morphed into a movement aimed at ensuring the resignation of Sheikh Hasina. On 5 August 2024, millions of protesters defied curfew orders and marched towards Ganobhaban. Consequently, Hasina resigned and left Bangladesh for India. This ended 15 years of continuous awami rule in Bangladesh . In
4387-636: The Political Parties Elected Bodies Disqualified Ordinance, Khan banned all major political parties in Pakistan. Senior politicians, including the entire top leadership of the Awami League, were arrested and most were kept under detention until 1963. In 1962, Khan drafted a new constitution, modelled on indirect election , through an electoral college , and termed it 'Basic Democracy'. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy joined Nurul Amin , Khwaja Nazimuddin , Maulvi Farid Ahmed and Hamidul Haq Chowdhury in forming
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4494-551: The Prime Minister's resignation. Suhrawardy requested to seek a vote of confidence in the National Assembly, but this request was turned down. Suhrawardy resigned under threat of dismissal on 10 October 1957. On 7 October 1958, President Mirza declared martial law and appointed army chief General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator . Khan eventually deposed Mirza in a bloodless coup. By promulgating
4601-540: The Rakkhi Bahini into the Bangladesh Army. On 3 November 1975 , the situation had grown tense with some officers of the Bangladesh Army led by Brigadier General Khaled Mosharraf and Colonel Shafaat Jamil launching a coup to remove the mutineers and restore order to the Army. Justice Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem replaced Khandaker Moshtaque as president and Mosharraf was made the chief of army staff. The mutineers in
4708-404: The Rakkhi Bahini was completed. The main office of Bangladesh Betar (radio) in Dhaka was attacked by the mutineers early in the morning. They quickly disarmed the police stationed there and took control of the radio. Major Dalim and Major Shahriar were in charge of the operation at the radio station. They controlled the flow of information from there. Curfew was imposed after Mujib's death
4815-628: The Suhrawardy government and called a conference in February 1957 at Kagmari, Tangail in East Bengal. He protested the move and the support lent by the Awami League leadership to the government. Bhashani broke away from the Awami League and then formed the leftist National Awami Party (NAP). Yar Mohammad Khan funded the 5-day Kagmari Conference and was the treasurer of the conference committee. The controversy over 'One Unit' (the division of Pakistan into only two provinces, east and west ) and
4922-529: The Sun", and proclaimed the Indemnity Ordinance , which granted them immunity from prosecution. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman won the 1970 Pakistani general election but was denied by the Pakistani military dictatorship the position of the prime minister of Pakistan ; this was a result of long time political oppression of Bengali citizens of Pakistan who were vocally opposed to the authoritarian tyranny of
5029-467: The West and in India that proved to be a valuable asset for the party in the future. After 1975, the party remained split into several rival factions and fared poorly in the 1979 parliamentary elections held under a military government. In 1981 Sheikh Hasina returned as Ziaur Rahman allowed her to return after the largest party faction, the Awami League elected her its president, and she proceeded to take over
5136-399: The appropriate electoral system for Pakistan, whether joint or separate, also revived as soon as Suhrawardy became prime minister. In West Pakistan, there was strong opposition to the joint electorate by the Muslim League and the religious parties. The Awami League however, strongly supported the joint electorate. These differences over One Unit and the appropriate electorate caused problems for
5243-467: The armed forces and the dominance of the Muslim League. The Bengalis argued that they constituted the ethnic majority of Pakistan's population and Urdu was unknown to the majority in East Bengal. Moreover, the rich literary heritage of the Bengali language and the deep rooted secular culture of Bengali society led to a strong sense of linguistic and cultural nationalism amongst the people of East Bengal. The only significant language in Pakistan not written in
5350-420: The chief of army staff. The coup was led by the revolutionary soldier's organisation and Colonel Abu Taher . Taher himself was executed for the killing of Khaled under the government formed by Major General Zia on 21 July 1976, in order to restore discipline in the Army and prevent any further coups. In 1976, the military regime of Bangladesh provided the coup plotters with diplomatic jobs. AKM Mohiuddin Ahmed
5457-477: The complicity of law enforcement forces in compromising the integrity of the electoral process. On 7 January 2024, the twelfth National Parliamentary elections were held which were boycotted by BNP and major opposition parties. Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) condemned this process as one-sided and farcical. The election saw Awami League again clinching a landslide victory, winning 224 out of 300 directly elected seats. The 62 elected members who contested
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#17327870641525564-595: The country and carried out mine clearing operations. The party had pro Pakistani newspaper editors arrested and shut down the nations' newspapers leaving only four in operation. Food shortages were also a major concern of the Awami League. War had damaged all forms of farming. The party aligned itself with the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), and leaned towards the Soviet bloc. The party was accused of corruption by supporters of Pakistan. In 1974 Bangladesh suffered
5671-416: The coup, one of Mujib's close associates and cabinet ministers Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad , with support of the officers, took control of the government and declared himself President of Bangladesh . Under martial law, he made a proclamation on 20 August to amend the constitution to omit the provision for the legal basis for one-party system. He reportedly praised the assassin officers, calling them "Children of
5778-479: The election as independents largely aligned with AL On 5 June 2024, The High Court of Bangladesh reinstated the controversial Job Quota System, sparking countrywide students protests. On 4 July 2024, The Appellate Division refused to rescind the verdict. As a result, protests intensified. Then the Appellate Division imposed a stay on the ruling but protesters continued to carry on their movement unless
5885-516: The elections in 1991, in which Khaleda Zia became the first female prime minister. AL's second term in office had mixed achievements. Apart from sustaining economic stability during the Asian economic crisis , the government successfully settled Bangladesh's long standing dispute with India over sharing the water of the river Ganges (also known as Padma ) in late 1996, and signed a peace treaty with tribal rebels in 1997. In 1998, Bangladesh faced one of
5992-576: The emergence of independent Bangladesh, Awami League under the leadership of Sheikh Mujib won the first general elections . The party along with most other parties of Bangladesh were merged into Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL) in January 1975, where Awami League politicians played the leading role in BaKSAL. After the August 1975 coup , the party was forced by subsequent military regimes onto
6099-636: The establishment . As the democratic demands and protests continued, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered a speech on 7 March that brought the Bengalis together to become prepared for things to come. On 25 March 1971, as part of Operation Searchlight , the Pakistan Army launched an armed operation killing intellectuals in Dhaka University and the following day Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan , triggering
6206-497: The first elected government in Bangladesh to serve a full term in office. The party won only 62 out of 300 parliamentary seats in the elections held in October 2001, despite winning 40% of the votes, up from 36% in 1996 and 33% in 1991. The BNP and its allies won a two-thirds majority in parliament with 46% of the votes cast, with BNP alone winning 41%, up from 33% in 1996 and 30% in 1991. In its second term in opposition since 1991,
6313-420: The first president and general secretary of the party respectively, Ataur Rahman Khan was elected the vice-president, Yar Mohammad Khan was elected as the treasurer, while Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad and A. K. Rafiqul Hussain were elected the party's first joint secretaries. The party was formed to champion the rights of the masses in Pakistan against the powerful feudal establishment led by
6420-409: The food shortage in the country. The Awami League also began deepening relations with the United States. The government moved to join the Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) and Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), the two strategic defence alliances in Asia inspired by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Maulana Bhashani , one of the party's founders, condemned the decision of
6527-399: The forces of Bengali nationalism in the struggle against West Pakistan 's military and political establishment. The party under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements, such as the Six Point Movement and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement , and then during the Bangladesh Liberation War . After
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#17327870641526634-407: The general election of Bangladesh staged by military ruler Lt. Gen. H. M. Ershad even though the other major political party and the winner of previous elections Bangladesh Nationalist Party boycotted. British observers including a journalists termed the elections a "tragedy for democracy" and a "cynically frustrated exercise". The Awami League emerged as the largest opposition party in parliament in
6741-472: The government agreed to their demands of taking a firm step for reforming the quota system. Prime Minister Hasina ignited controversy by her statement - "If the grandchildren and great grandchildren of the freedom fighters are deprived of quotas, will Razakars' (Collaborators of the Pakistani military during the Liberation War)grandchildren and great grandchildren get them?" The protesters were further galvanized at this comment. Bangladesh Students' League, aided by
6848-445: The government. By early 1957, the movement for the dismemberment of the One Unit had started. Suhrawardy was at the mercy of the central bureaucracy fighting to save the One Unit. Many in the business elite in Karachi were lobbying against Suhrawardy's decision to distribute millions of dollars of American aid to East Pakistan and to set up a national shipping corporation. Supported by these lobbyists, President Iskander Mirza demanded
6955-445: The government. Its pro poor policies achieved wide microeconomic development but that left the country's wealthy business class dissatisfied. The AL's last months in office were marred by sporadic bombing by alleged Islamist militants. Hasina herself escaped several attempts on her life, in one of which two anti-tank mines were planted under her helipad in Gopalganj district . In July 2001, the second AL government stepped down, becoming
7062-468: The historic decision to adopt the traditional Bengali boat, which signified the attachment to rural Bengal, as its election symbol. The election in April 1954 swept the United Front coalition into power in East Bengal with a massive mandate of 223 seats out of 237 seats. The Awami League itself won 143 seats while the Muslim League won only 9 seats. Veteran student leader and language movement stalwart Khaleque Nawaz Khan defeated incumbent prime minister of
7169-417: The household. Artillery under command of Fauque fired mortar shells towards Dhanmondi and Mohammadpur. In Mohammadpur, 14 people died from the mortar fire near Sher Shah Suri road. Major Faruque attacked the Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini camp with 26 tanks under his command. The Rakkhi Bahini surrendered without incident, Faruque moved towards the residence of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman after the neutralization of
7276-492: The immediate aftermath of the fall of the AL government, many of its leaders went into hiding. The properties and residences of many AL leaders were looted, vandalized and set on fire. Many ministers and influential politicians from AL have been arrested and taken into remand. Many of them were prohibited from leaving Bangladesh. The bank accounts of many AL leaders and their families have also been frozen. The student wing of Bangladesh Awami League has been officially banned by
7383-402: The military backed government tried to root out corruption and remove Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia of the AL and BNP respectively. While these efforts largely failed, they succeeded in producing a credible voter list that was used on 29 December 2008 national election. The Awami League won the national election held on 29 December 2008 as part of a larger electoral alliance that also included
7490-435: The morning had killed former president Syed Nazrul Islam , former prime minister Tajuddin Ahmed and ministers M Mansur Ali and AHM Qamruzzaman in Dhaka Central Jail where they were locked up since the mutiny on 15 August. Zia was placed under house arrest. On 4 November the mutineers were provided safe passage to Bangkok. On 7 November 1975 , Khaled Mosharraf was killed in another coup that restored Ziaur Rahman to
7597-406: The other major alliance led by the BNP which by itself got 33% of the votes. Sheikh Hasina, as party head, became the new prime minister. Her term of office began in January 2009. The second Hasina cabinet had several new faces, including three women in prominent positions: Dr Dipu Moni (Foreign Minister), Matia Chowdhury (Agriculture Minister) and Sahara Khatun (Home Minister). Younger MPs with
7704-574: The party included restoring original 1972 constitution, returning secularism to the constitution, beginning of war crimes trials, and guilty verdict in 1975 assassination trial. According to the Nielsen 2-year survey, 50% felt the country was moving in the right direction, and 36% gave the government a favourable rating. In the 2014 election the Awami League led alliance won a second term of which 154 Members (out of 300) of Parliament were selected where there were no election . Only 5% voter attended in
7811-447: The party leadership and unite the factions. As she was under age at the time she could not take part in the 1981 presidential elections that followed the assassination of President Ziaur Rahman . Throughout the following nine years of military rule by Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad the Awami League participated in some polls but boycotted most as Ershad did not believe in democracy. On 7 May 1986, Awami League participated in
7918-423: The party members at the end of speeches and communications pertaining to or referring to the devotion towards Bangladesh and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib. The Awami League party flag is a green field with four five-rayed red star at its centre, and a vertical red stripe at the hoist side. The flag also bears some resemblance to the flag of Pakistan , showing the ex-Pakistani origin of the Awami League. The four stars on
8025-471: The party suffered the assassination of several key members. Popular young leader Ahsanullah Master , a member of parliament from Gazipur, was killed in 2004. This was followed by a grenade attack on Hasina during a public meeting on 21 August 2004, resulting in the death of 22 party supporters, including party women's secretary Ivy Rahman , though Hasina lived. Finally, the party's electoral secretary, ex finance minister, and veteran diplomat Shah M S Kibria ,
8132-488: The party's name can be translated as Bangladesh People's League . During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, most of the Awami League members joined the Provisional Government of Bangladesh and Mukti Bahini guerrillas to fight against the Pakistani army and the name Bangladesh Awami League was eventually settled upon. The most common electoral symbol for the party has been a traditional boat ,
8239-406: The police were accused of repression while charging protesters. In March, senior Bengali political leaders were attacked whilst leading protests demanding that Bengali be declared an official language in Pakistan. The leaders included A. K. Fazlul Huq , the former Prime Minister of undivided Bengal. Amidst the rising discontent in East Bengal, Jinnah visited Dhaka and announced that Urdu would be
8346-419: The political sidelines, and many of its senior leaders and activists were executed or jailed. In 1981, Sheikh Hasina , the daughter of Sheikh Mujib, became the president of the party and continued to hold the position to this date. The party played a crucial role in the anti-authoritarian movements against the regime of Hussain Muhammad Ershad . After the restoration of democracy amidst mass uprising in 1990,
8453-465: The polling station and cast their votes. The opposition and one of the most popular parties (BNP) boycotted the election for removing the caretaker government (neutral government) system from the constitution after completion of 5 years tenure. With 21 people dead due to the violence during election, along with further human rights abuses and an absence of opposition, this was one of the controversial general elections in Bangladesh's history. This election
8560-600: The positions until 1996, when the Bangladesh Awami League formed the government and recalled them to Bangladesh. They refused to comply and as a result were fired from their positions. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party returned to power in 2001 and reinstated the officers who had been dismissed in 1996 to their diplomatic positions. Colonel Farooq, Colonel Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan , and former state minister Taheruddin Thakur were arrested on 14 August 1996,
8667-552: The provinces of Pakistan. After the so-called Agartala Conspiracy Case , and subsequent end of the Ayub Khan's regime in Pakistan, the Awami League and its leader Sheikh Mujib reached the peak of their popularity among the East Pakistani Bengali population. In the elections of 1970, the Awami League won 167 of 169 East Pakistan seats in the National Assembly but none of West Pakistan's 138 seats. It also won 288 of
8774-565: The restoration of democracy in Pakistan. On 5 December 1963, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy was found dead in his hotel room in Beirut , Lebanon. His sudden death under mysterious circumstances gave rise to speculation within the Awami League and the general population in East Pakistan that he had been poisoned. The 6-point demands , proposed by Mujib, were widely accepted by the East Pakistani populace, as they proposed greater autonomy for
8881-451: The same year Bangladesh Awami League returned to power. Three months later, the indemnity act was removed and the trial began. AFM Mohitul Islam , personal assistant to President Sheikh Mujib, filed a charge against the mutineers with Dhanmondi Police Station on 2 October 1996. The Criminal Investigation Department started investigating the case the next day. The CID pressed charges against 20 people on 15 January 1997. On 12 March 1997,
8988-484: The signing of an extradition treaty between Thailand and Bangladesh. Dhaka district Justice Kazi Golam Rasul, sentenced 15 accused to death on 8 November 1998. Appeals were filled with Bangladesh High Court. On 14 November 1998 the High Court delivered a split verdict with Justice Md Ruhul Amin upholding the death penalty of 10 of the convicts, Justice ABM Khairul Haque upholding the death penalty of all 15. The case
9095-429: The situation in one such meeting. Abdur Rashid was able to communicate with Commerce Minister Khandaker Moshtaque Ahmed about the situation in the country. Rashid, Dalim, and Moshtaque decided that they must dissolve BAKSHAL and remove Sheikh Mujib. Rashid informed Faruque, who agreed with the plan, and he was also told that Major General Zia would support them. The mutineers decided to divide into teams, and each team
9202-411: The socialist party Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League . Mujib, along with his resident family members, were killed during the coup but was survived by his two then- expat daughters, one of them being future prime minister Sheikh Hasina . The officers were led by Capt. Abdul Majed , Maj. Sayed Farooq Rahman , Maj. Khandaker Abdur Rashid and Maj. Shariful Haque Dalim . Immediately following
9309-480: The sole state language of Pakistan given its significance to Islamic nationalism in South Asia. The announcement caused an emotional uproar in East Bengal, where the native Bengali population resented Jinnah for his attempts to impose a language they hardly understood on the basis of upholding unity. The resentment was further fuelled by rising discrimination against Bengalis in government, industry, bureaucracy and
9416-403: The spot. Faruque had arrived and left on a tank. Colonel Jamil Uddin Ahmad , military secretary to the president, was killed on the way to Bangabondhu Residence after he was called by Sheikh Mujib. The guards surrendered after a brief firefight and were lined up outside the house. Major Noor shot Sheikh Nasser , the brother of Sheikh Mujib, in the reception area bathroom. Major Pasha ordered
9523-465: The then East Bengali Nurul Amin in a landslide margin. Amin was defeated in his home Nandail constituency. Khaleque Nawaz Khan created history at age 27 by defeating the sitting prime minister and the Muslim League was wiped from the political landscape of the then East Pakistan. A. K. Fazlul Huq assumed the office of Chief Minister of East Bengal and drew up a cabinet containing many of the prominent student activists that were leading movements against
9630-429: The trial started with six accused in jail and 14 being outside the country. Zobaida Rashid, wife of Khandaker Abdur Rashid, was relieved of charges after she filed a number of appeals, reducing the accused to 19. Other cases filed with the High Court challenged the legality of the trial court and its location, the cancellation of the indemnity act, which delayed the trial. Major Huda was bought from Thailand in 1998, through
9737-553: The war against the Pakistan Army throughout 1971. Leader Sheikh Mujib was arrested by the Pakistan Army on 25 March 1971, but the Bangladeshi people continued the fight to free themselves for nine months. After victory on 16 December 1971, the party formed the national government of Bangladesh. In 1972, under Sheikh Mujib, the party name was changed to "Awami League". The new government faced many challenges as they rebuilt
9844-623: The word "Muslim". In the run-up to the 1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election , the Awami League took the lead in negotiations in forming a pan-Bangla political alliance including the Krishak Praja Party , Nizam-e-Islam and Ganatantri Dal . The alliance was termed the Jukta Front (United Front) and formulated the Ekush Dafa , or 21-point Charter, to fight for establishing rights in East Pakistan. The party also took
9951-417: The worst floods ever, and the government handled the crisis satisfactorily. It also had significant achievements in containing inflation, and peacefully neutralising a long-running leftist insurgency in south-western districts dating back to the first AL government's time. However, rampant corruption allegations against party office bearers and ministers as well as a deteriorating law and order situation troubled
10058-563: Was announced on Bangladesh Radio nationwide. Khandaker Mostaq Ahmad addressed the nation from the radio station. His speech, written by Taheruddin Thakur , announced the formation of a new government led by him. Following him, the Chief of the army, his deputy, the chief of naval staff, the chief of the air force, the police chief and Bangladesh Rifles pledged their allegiance to the new government. Khandaker Moshtaque appointed General M. A. G. Osmani as his defence adviser. General Ziaur Rahman
10165-525: Was attacked by a team that was led by Major Aziz Pasha, Captain Majed, Major Shahriar Rashid, and Captain Nurul Huda. Serniabat's nephew Shahid Serniabat, daughter Baby Serniabat, grandson Sukanto Abdullah Babu, and son Arif Serniabat were also killed in the attack. Three domestic servants were also killed in the attack. His son, Abul Hasnat Abdullah , survived the attack and nine other people were injured in
10272-441: Was bowing down to the pressure of Islamist political hard-liners. 15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d%27%C3%A9tat The military coup in Bangladesh on August 15 of 1975 was launched by mid-ranking army officers in order to assassinate founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , whose administration post-independence grew corrupt and reportedly authoritarian until he established a one-party state -based government led by
10379-465: Was coming down the stairs. Sheikh Mujib's son, Lieutenant Sheikh Jamal , Jamal's wife Rosy, Sheikh Kamal's wife Sultana Kamal, and Sheikh Mujib's wife Sheikh Fazilatunnesa were taken to the bathroom on the first floor. They were shot and killed there by Major Abdul Aziz Pasha and Risaldar Moslemuddin . Major Faruque promoted Captain Huda to major and Subedar Major Abdul Wahab Joardar to lieutenant on
10486-459: Was finally overthrown with the Student–People's uprising in August 2024. Since then, the party remained underground. Sheikh Hasina, the former prime minister of Bangladesh, and Obaidul Quader , currently have been serving the president and the general secretary of the party, respectively. Sheikh Hasina , has headed the party since 1981. Amongst the leaders of the Awami League, five have become
10593-399: Was further tainted by arrests where dozens of opposition leaders and members were taken into custody. Amid this crackdown of opposition, in 2018, another election was held where BNP and all major opposition parties took part. That election was marred by allegations of widespread electoral fraud, harassment of political opposition and imprisonment of opposition activists. The opposition alleged
10700-717: Was hiding in Kolkata, India , was arrested at Mirpur by the Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime unit of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police . He was sent to Dhaka Central Jail, Keraniganj , and was executed by hanging a few days later on the 12 April 2020. Lawrence Lifschultz characterized this incident as an outcome of the Cold War between the United States -influenced Pakistan and
10807-411: Was in charge of the guards, had served under Major Dalim. Some of the guards were killed defending the residence after the mutineers tried to force their way in. Sheikh Kamal was injured defending the residence, and was executed by Captain Huda after the attackers had crossed into the compound. Sheikh Mujib asked "what do you want?" to the mutineers. Major Noor and Captain Huda shot Sheikh Mujib as he
10914-560: Was killed in his home along with his wife, Begum Arzu Moni, who was believed to be pregnant at the time. His sons Sheikh Fazle Noor Taposh and Sheikh Fazle Shams Parash survived. His home on Road 13/1 in Dhanmondi was surrounded by 20-25 army personnel on 15 August 1975. Abdur Rab Serniabat , a former minister of water resources and brother-in-law of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was killed in his home in Mintoo road, Dhaka at 5:00 am. His home
11021-559: Was made the chief of army staff on 24 August 1975 and Khalilur Rahman was made the first Chief of Defence Staff of Bangladesh Army. On 26 September 1975, Khandaker Moshtaque proclaimed the Indemnity Ordinance which protected those involved in the coup legal protection. On 5 October 1975, the Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini (Absorption in the Army) Ordinance was passed with strong support from Ziaur Rahman; which absorbed
11128-743: Was made the second secretary of the embassy in Algeria , AM Rashed Chowdhury was made the consulate general in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, S.H.M.B Noor Chowdhury was made the second secretary in the embassy in Tehran , Shariful Haque Dalim was made the first secretary to the embassy in Beijing, and Abdul Aziz Pasha was made the first secretary to the embassy in Buenos Aires , Argentina. They held
11235-404: Was referred to a third Justice, Mohammad Fazlul Karim , who broke the tie by sentencing 12 of the accused to death. Then Chief Justice Ruhul Amin constituted an appeal court with five justices: Justice Surendra Kumar Sinha , Justice Md Abdul Aziz, Justice Md Tafazzul Islam , Justice BK Das, and Justice Md Muzammel Hossain . The verdict of the Appellate Division confirmed the death sentences of
11342-463: Was refused. Major Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan resigned from the army over the incident. Major Dalim and Major Noor were among the officers who lost their commissions over the charges of indiscipline. In 1974, Sayed Farooq had become dissatisfied with the Awami League government. He would often discuss his dissatisfaction with Major General Ziaur Rahman who was the deputy chief of army staff. Ziaur Rahman had suggested that Faruque "do something" about
11449-466: Was to be given specific instructions and targets. The operation at the personal residence of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was led by Major A.K.M. Mohiuddin Ahmed . Major Bazlul Huda was placed in the team as he was the adjutant to the 2nd Field Regiment of Artillery, which was guarding the home of the President. The team also included Major S.H.M.B Noor Chowdhury . Captain Abul Bashar, who
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