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26-594: Shrove Monday (also known as Collopy Monday , Rose Monday , Merry Monday or Hall Monday ) is part of the Shrovetide or Carnival observances and celebrations of the week before Lent , following Quinquagesima or Shrove Sunday and preceding Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras . The word shrove is the past tense of the English verb shrive , which means to give absolution for someone's sins by way of confession and forgiveness. Thus Shrovetide gets its name from

52-666: A basket in the narthex during Shrovetide to collect the previous year's Holy Week palm branches that were blessed and distributed during the Palm Sunday liturgies. On Shrove Tuesday, churches burn these palms to make the ashes used during the services held on the very next day, Ash Wednesday. During the liturgical season of Lent, believers have historically abstained from rich foods such as meat, eggs, lacticinia (dairy products), and alcohol—a practice that continues in Eastern Christianity (in denominations such as

78-399: A five-point devotional examination method in his 1524 work Spiritual Exercises . In the first point, followers thank God for the benefits received; in the second, they ask grace to know and correct their faults; in the third, they pass in review the successive hours of the day, noting what faults they have committed in deed, word, thought, or omission; in the fourth, they ask God's pardon; in

104-427: A highly developed part of Ignatian spirituality in modern times, and has led to many more positive practices, generally called examen of consciousness . In twice-daily "examens" one might review the ways God has been present through one to others, and to oneself through others, and how one has responded, and to proceed with one's day with gratitude, more aware of the presence of God in one's life. In general, there

130-428: A special point of self-examination, of considering what wrongs they need to repent, and what amendments of life or areas of spiritual growth they especially need to ask God's help in dealing with." The 11th century Ecclesiastical Institutes enjoined: "In the week immediately before Lent everyone shall go to his confessor and confess his deeds and the confessor shall so shrive him as he then may hear by his deeds what he

156-460: A tradition of hitting a barrel, which represents fighting Satan. After doing this, children enjoy the sweets inside the barrel. Lutheran Christians in these nations carry Shrovetide rods (fastelavnsris), which "branches decorated with sweets, little presents, etc., that are used to decorate the home or give to children." Examination of conscience Examination of conscience is a review of one's past thoughts, words, actions, and omissions for

182-522: Is a distinction between the particular examen , which aims to change one particular feature or defect in one's behavior, the examen of consciousness , which is a more nuanced reflection, and the general examination of conscience as used before the sacrament of penance.” This last method is called examination of conscience because it is a review of one’s actions from a moral point of view, reflecting upon one’s responsibility and looking at one’s sins and weaknesses in preparation for repentance, in contrast with

208-631: Is a national holiday in Aruba , with the purpose of resting after the Carnival . The Shrove Monday events of the New Orleans and Mississippi Gulf Coast Mardi Gras , dating back to the 19th century, have since the late 20th century been named Lundi Gras ("Fat Monday"). Shrovetide During Shrovetide, Christians used up ingredients used to make rich foods, inclusive of meat, eggs, lacticinia and alcohol as these things were not enjoyed during

234-545: Is rarely celebrated these days. In east Cornwall , it is sometimes called Peasen Monday or Paisen Monday after the custom of eating pea soup on that day. Shrove Monday is part of the German, Danish, and Austrian Carnival calendar, called Rosenmontag . In the Rhineland , as part of the pre-lenten Fasching festival (or Feast of Fools), it is part of the parade season, a day of marching, revelry, and satirical floats. In

260-738: Is the opportunity for a last round of merrymaking associated with Carnival and Fastelavn before the start of the somber Lenten season; the traditions of carrying Shrovetide rods and consuming Shrovetide buns after attending church are celebrated. Lutheran countries such as Denmark mark Shrove Sunday (Quinquagesima Sunday) as the peak of the Fastelavn. After attending the Mass on Shrove Sunday, congregants enjoy Shrovetide buns (fastelavnsboller), "round sweet buns that are covered with icing and filled with cream and/or jam." Children often dress up and collect money from people while singing. They practice

286-499: Is to do [in the way of penance]". Participation in confession and absolution is therefore paradigmatic of Shrovetide, especially Shrove Tuesday. It is customary for Christians during Shrovetide to ponder what Lenten sacrifices they will make for Lent. While making a Lenten sacrifice, it is customary to pray for strength to keep it for the 40-day fasting season of Lent; many often wish others for doing so as well, e.g. "May God bless your Lenten sacrifice." Many churches place

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312-661: The Beatitudes , or the virtues and vices . A similar doctrine is taught in Lutheran churches, where penitents who wish to receive Holy Absolution are also asked to use the Ten Commandments as a guide. The process is very similar to the Islamic practice of Muhasaba, or self-reflection. "The excellence of this practice and its fruitfulness for Christian virtue," preached Pope Pius X , "are clearly established by

338-695: The Carnival in Denmark , it is called fastelavnsmandag . In the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar (most years falling later than the Western Church, usually in March), the start of Lent is called Clean Monday . This is not identical to Shrove Monday, which precedes the start of (Western) Lent by two days. Clean Monday is the first day of the Great Lent , and is traditionally considered

364-766: The Coptic Orthodox Church ) and among Western Christian congregations practicing the Daniel Fast . Shrovetide provided Christians with the opportunity to use up these foods prior to the start of the 40-day fasting season of Lent. Prior to the 6th century, Lent was normatively observed through the practice of the Black Fast, which enjoins fasting from food and liquids, with the allowance of one vegetarian meal after sunset. The tradition of pancake breakfasts during Shrovetide, as well as that of pancake races, owes itself to this practice of "using up

390-419: The Lutheran , Anglican , and Roman Catholic Churches. The British name Collopy Monday is after the traditional dish of the day, consisting of slices of leftover meat ( collops of bacon ) along with eggs . It is eaten for breakfast and is part of the traditional Lenten preparations. In addition to providing a little meat, the collops were also the source of the fat for the following day's pancakes. It

416-570: The 40-day fasting season of Lent—a practice that continues in Eastern Christianity and among Western Christian congregations practicing the Daniel Fast . The expression "Shrovetide" comes from the word shrive , referring to the receiving of absolution following confession . The Shrovetide season focuses on examination of conscience and repentance before the Lenten fast. As such, during Shrovetide, many traditional Christians, such as Roman Catholics , Lutherans and Anglicans , "make

442-468: The beginning of spring in Greece and Cyprus , where it is a Bank Holiday. Different traditions take place in different localities. In the town of Tyrnavos , for instance, feasts are followed by songs and dances with Bacchic overtones. In the 19th-century Trinidad and Tobago Carnival , a kambule (procession of people holding torches) took place in the earliest hours of Shrove Monday. Carnival Monday

468-613: The duties of one's state of life, the nine ways of partaking in the sin of others. Among secular intellectuals, particularly Marxists , the term autocritique , borrowed from the French , is used. This is particularly applied to a public "methodological attempt to step away from themselves through a process of self-objectification," and was popular in France following the Algerian War . Edgar Morin 's questioning of his own motives as

494-487: The early Christians received Holy Communion very frequently, examination of conscience became a familiar exercise of their spiritual lives. In many cases, this became a daily practice of the lives of early members of the clergy and those living a monastic life, such as the hermit St. Anthony , who was said to have examined his conscience every night, while St. Basil of Caesarea , St. Augustine of Hippo , St. Bernard of Clairvaux , and founders of religious orders generally made

520-598: The examen of consciousness which does not focus on morality even if sins will emerge during the review of the day. Examination of conscience was commanded by the Apostle St. Paul to be performed by the faithful each time they received Holy Communion : "But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself.... For if we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged." ( 1 Corinthians 11:28–31 , KJV ). And, as

546-598: The examination of conscience a regular daily exercise of their followers. Lay members of congregations were encouraged to take up the practice as a salutary measure to advance in virtue. St. Bernard had taught: "As a searching investigator of the integrity of your own conduct, submit your life to a daily examination. Consider carefully what progress you have made or what ground you have lost. Strive to know yourself. Place all your faults before your eyes. Come face to face with yourself, as though you were another person, and then weep for your faults." St. Ignatius of Loyola described

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572-726: The fifth, they consider amendment. The devotional examination of conscience is distinct from that required as a proximate preparation for the Sacrament of Reconciliation which is intended specifically to identify all sins requiring repentance. Various more elaborate methods might be used in the examination for confession, using the Ten Commandments of God, the Commandments of the Church, the Seven Capital Sins,

598-463: The purpose of ascertaining their conformity with, or deviation from, the moral law. Among Christians, this is generally a private review; secular intellectuals have, on occasion, published autocritiques for public consumption. In the Catholic Church , penitents who wish to receive the sacrament of penance are encouraged to examine their conscience using the Ten Commandments as a guide, or

624-594: The shriving that English Christians were expected to do prior to receiving absolution immediately before Lent begins. Shrove Tuesday is the last day of "shrovetide", somewhat analogous to the Carnival tradition that developed separately in countries of Latin Europe . The terms "Shrove Monday" and "Shrove Tuesday" are no longer widely used in the United States or Canada outside of liturgical traditions, such as in

650-469: The surplus eggs, milk and butter" prior to Lent. In many Christian parish churches, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, a popular Shrove Tuesday tradition is the ringing of the church bells (on this day, the toll is known as the Shriving Bell) "to call the faithful to confession before the solemn season of Lent" and for people to "begin frying their pancakes". As such, a hallmark of Shrovetide

676-433: The teaching of the great masters of the spiritual life." St. Ignatius of Loyola considered the examination of conscience as the single most important spiritual exercise. In his Spiritual Exercises he presents different forms of it in the particular and general examination (24-43). Of the general examination he writes; "The first point is to give thanks to God our Lord for the favors received" (43). This point has become

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