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55-485: As of 2021, the population was 6,180 with a population density of 25.61 inhabitants per square kilometre (66.3/sq mi). The municipality covers an area of 266.12 square kilometres (102.75 sq mi), of which 24.96 km (9.64 sq mi) is water. Siuntio is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 66% Finnish speakers, 26% Swedish speakers, and 8% speakers of other languages. Previously,

110-625: A cobblestone road, known as the Kabanov's road, which runs from Pickala to a Soviet triumphal arch , the only surviving Soviet Triumphal arch in Finland. The road was paved with cobblestone to make it strong enough for Soviet military vehicles to drive on. Pickala Manor House and its surroundings are listed as Nationally Significant Built Cultural Environment and protected by the Finnish Heritage Agency. The Tjusterby Manor House

165-573: A fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

220-544: A high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at

275-491: A large esker covered in forest, while the southern part of Siuntio is less hilly but also covered in forests. Smaller and larger lakes can also be found in the southern and middle parts of Siuntio. The western parts of Siuntio have large flat areas of cultivated fields. Siuntio has also a few Natura 2000 nature protection areas such as the Plytberg Oak Forest, Torsgård's old forest, Meiko-Lappträsk lake area and

330-500: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Helsinki Regional Transport Authority The Helsinki Regional Transport Authority ( Finnish : Helsingin seudun liikenne, HSL ; Swedish : Helsingforsregionens trafik, HRT )

385-550: A new school complex in the municipal centre after Aleksis Kiven koulu was demolished due to it sinking in the ground and its inner air problems. The new building complex, called Siuntion Sydän - Sjundeå Hjärta, was completed in 2022 and houses the communal library, and both schools. Siuntio does nothave any upper secondary schools and teenagers usually start attending school in Kirkkonummi, Lohja, Vihti or Helsinki after upper comprehensive school. The University of Helsinki had

440-589: A research farm in Siuntio at Suitia Manor until 2005. Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density ) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This

495-566: A revamped bikeshare system, this time spanning 1,500 bikes and 150 stations. The expanded bike program brought the service to Munkkiniemi , Pasila , and Vallila . In addition to having 1,400 bikes and 140 stations in Helsinki, the service covered Matinkylä and Olari in Espoo with 100 bikes and 10 stations. The 2018 season saw a further-expanded network, with a total of 2,200 bikes at 220 stations, of which 70 are located in Espoo. The season fare

550-405: A travel card or from HSL's vending machines or mobile application. Additionally, single and day tickets may be bought aboard buses from the driver. HSL controls the sale and inspection of transit tickets. Apart from the bus network, all of HSL's services use a proof-of-payment system: there are no gates at metro and commuter rail stations or tram stops. Instead, passengers are required to present

605-456: A user could use to travel from any of the 50 stations to another. The bikeshare system is a joint venture between CityBike Finland, HKL, and HSL. The system is sponsored by HOK-Elanto 's grocery shop chain Alepa , which has purchased the commercial space on the bicycles. Due to this, the bicycles are colloquially known as alepapyörät ( ”Alepa bikes” ). In late 2016 HSL announced the details of

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660-459: A valid ticket to fare inspectors, who randomly patrol the network. If caught without a valid ticket, a passenger must pay a fine of €100 in addition to the full price of the ticket. HSL is owned by the cities of Helsinki , Espoo , Vantaa , Kerava , and Kauniainen and the municipalities of Kirkkonummi and Sipoo . In 2017, Tuusula and Siuntio voted to join HSL. The other municipalities in

715-482: Is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or

770-564: Is from 1382. The document addresses a donation to the Church of St. Lawrence in Lohja. During the Middle Ages two large manor houses, Suitia and Sjundby , were built in Siuntio. The earliest mention of Suitia Manor is from 1420 in a document addressing a border conflict between Suitia estate and an estate owned by the bailiff of Häme Castle . Later, the estate came to the possession of

825-530: Is taken into account, then human population density is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed a suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve

880-448: Is the inter-municipal authority that maintains the public transportation network of the nine municipalities of Greater Helsinki , Finland . HSL oversees the operation of all of Helsinki 's public transportation. The system consists of local buses, trams , metro trains , ferries, commuter trains , and bikeshare . Apart from four electric buses, HSL does not own rolling stock. Due to this, HSL relies on third-party contractors for

935-807: Is the most far-reaching; it serves the northern, north-eastern, and western suburbs of the city, as well as Helsinki Airport in Vantaa. Trams in Helsinki are operated by HKL . Helsinki was the only Finnish city with tram service in use from 1972, when tram services in Turku ended, until 2021, when the Tampere light rail was opened. Tram service in Helsinki began in 1891. HSL offers three types of bus service: standard buses, neighbourhood buses and nine small headway crosstown lines ("runkolinja", literally: trunk lines). HSL tickets are also valid on most U-routes which are run by separate companies and serve cities outside of

990-543: The Finnish Heritage Agency . The Sjundby Manor House was built in the 1560s by Swedish king Gustav Vasa 's stall master Jakob Henriksson. The Adlercreutz family has owned Sjundby since the 18th century and tours inside the castle are arranged during summer. Sjundby was on the Soviet side of the border during the Soviet lease of Porkkala Naval Base . During this period, the house was badly damaged but

1045-535: The Greater Helsinki area ( Järvenpää , Nurmijärvi , Mäntsälä , Pornainen , Hyvinkää , and Vihti ) have the possibility of joining HSL in the future. About 1.3 million people live in the 14 municipalities of Greater Helsinki and the population is estimated to increase to approximately 1.5 million by the year 2030. HSL's office is located in Opastinsilta 6 A, Helsinki. After the founding of HSL,

1100-565: The Länsimetro expansion program extended the metro lines west to Lauttasaari and southern Espoo , serving eight new stations. The second phase of the extension opened in December 2022. At that time, the total number of metro stations on the line increased from 25 to 30. Commuter rail service in the region is operated by VR . There are 52 stations in the network, which are served by 15 lines. Out of HSL's three rail networks, commuter rail

1155-502: The entire world . The world's population is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi)

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1210-639: The Fleming family. Over time, the Flemings acquired new land for the Suitia estate; at one point, Suitia had its own harbor by the sea near the mouth of Pickala river. The Flemings also built the first ironworks in Finland , located on the grounds of Suitia Manor, in the 1530s. The Sjundby Manor House is first mentioned in a document from 1417. The manor was owned by a number of nobles and royals, including Queen Christina of Sweden . The stone St. Peter's Church

1265-406: The HSL area. A ferry to Suomenlinna is part of the HSL network. This route is operated on two ferries, Suokki and Suomenlinna II . In 2016 HSL launched Helsinki's bikeshare program. Starting on 2 May 2016, users could register to use the network for a day fee of €5, a week fee of €10 or the entire season from May to the end of October for €25. The initial network included 500 bikes, one of which

1320-513: The HSL mobile app. Student status would be automatically verified through the Ministry of Education's Koski service. Students whose information is not found in the Koski service, such as students of folk high schools, would be able to receive discounts on physical fare cards. HSL's decision was appealed to the administrative court, as receiving the student discount would require owning a smartphone if

1375-533: The St. Peter's Church. Sjundeå Idrottsförening is a sports club established in 1918 in Siuntio. The main sports they play are handball and athletics. The largest handball cup of Finland, Sjundeå Cup , is annually played in Siuntio. Christianity is the major religion in Siuntio. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is the largest religious organisation in Siuntio and it is divided into two parishes: The Finnish-speaking parish ( Siuntion suomalainen seurakunta ) and

1430-544: The Swedish-speaking parish ( Sjundeå svenska församling ). Both parishes share the medieval stone church dedicated to St. Peter. Helsinki parish of the Finnish Orthodox Church is also active in Siuntio. The Church of St. Peter in Siuntio was built around the 1480s during Finland's Catholic time, and the church still has biblical paintings on its vaults from that era. The oldest objects inside

1485-646: The area, including military orders written in Cyrillic script on the walls of the dairy house of the Sjundby Manor House and a Soviet Triumphal Arch near Pickala Manor House. In 2011 Siuntio, together with the municipalities of Karjalohja , Sammatti and Nummi-Pusula , decided to merge with the city of Lohja starting in 2013. The decision was made following encouragement from the Finnish State to merge smaller municipalities together. The goal

1540-606: The church are also from the Middle Ages. The Suitia Manor House (Fin. Suitian kartano, Swe. Svidja slott) is a large stone-built manor house built in the 1540s. The walls of the two-storey building are over one meter thick for defensive reasons. The first floor was rebuilt at the beginning of the 1760s by Esbjörn Reuterholm. The state of Finland sold Suitia to a private owner for 11.7 million euros in 2015. Suitia, together with St. Peter's Church, are listed as Nationally Significant Built Cultural Environments and are protected by

1595-437: The city of Helsinki) were moved into the transport authority. When it was founded, HSL had a revenue of over €500 million and approximately 350 employees. In 2016, HSL started to develop a revamped version of its native journey planner, Reittiopas , originally released by YTV in 2001. The replacement intermodal public transport route planner named as Digitransit is built on open source OpenTripPlanner. In February 2017,

1650-532: The coat of arms is: In a blue field, a horizontally positioned golden key, with a cross in the shaft and the handle designed as a quadrilateral, between two bars of silver which form wave-like patterns. After the decision to close and sell Päivärinne primary school in 2018, two schools remained in Siuntio: Finnish-speaking Aleksis Kiven koulu and Swedish-speaking Sjundeå svenska skola . In 2020 Siuntio started constructing

1705-445: The concept as: The base colour for HSL is blue (#007AC9). Each of the forms of transit are represented with a colour of its own. Fonts used in HSL brand are Gotham Rounded and Gotham XNarrow. The foremost font type is Gotham Rounded which is present in most of the materials. Gotham XNarrow is used less, mostly in advertisements, quotations, numberings and line listings. HSL has its own collection of dedicated pictograms which follow

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1760-554: The day-to-day operation of the transit system. HSL was founded on 1 January 2010 on the basis of the Finnish public transportation law, joukkoliikennelaki , which was adopted on 3 December 2009. According to joukkoliikennelaki , HSL is responsible for the planning of public transportation in Greater Helsinki . The traffic functions of the inter-municipal Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council (YTV) and planning, procuring and tendering functions of Helsinki City Transport (HKL, within

1815-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

1870-468: The design guidelines. They also offer a library for the ready-made pictograms that are used both in signposts and on the website as icons without the frame. HSL's duty is to do its part in taking care of the functioning, economical aspects and caring of nature in greater Helsinki. This goal is achieved by promoting the usage of public transportation and by organizing affordable and well functioning public transportation services. HSL takes care of planning

1925-473: The local history and heritage of the municipality all the way from prehistory to modern-day independent Finland. Fanjunkars is a military croft and a museum in Siuntio. The croft housed the national author of Finland, Aleksis Kivi , between 1864 and 1871. Kivi wrote some of his most famous works in Fanjunkars in Siuntio, such as The Seven Brothers . The coat of arms of Siuntio is the heraldic symbol of

1980-473: The majority of the population spoke Swedish until the 1980s. Siuntio's motto is "Ota rauhallisesti - Ta det lugnt" , which means "take it easy" in Finnish and Swedish respectively. The municipality's rebranding program introduced the new motto along with a new logo in 2021. Siuntio has been inhabited since the Stone Age , with the oldest evidence of farming settlements discovered in the river valley around

2035-401: The medieval Siuntio church. Many Bronze Age burial sites can also be found in Siuntio, such as Krejansberget hill and Luntoberget hill near St. Peter's Church . Some Iron Age sites, like Ekeberga Burial Site , are also found in the municipality. Apart from burial sites also a prehistoric hill fort, Skällberget , is found opposite to the church. The oldest known document mentioning Siuntio

2090-511: The municipality. It was designed by A. W. Rancken and approved by the Ministry of the Interior on 22nd April 1950. The subject of the coat of arms is a key between two wavy beams. The key symbolises St. Peter who is the patron saint of the medieval stone church of Siuntio. The colours of the coat of arms are similar to the coat of arms of Uusimaa region . The official heraldic explanation of

2145-573: The new route planner was opened for public use, and the phasing-out of Reittiopas Classic began. The official name of the transport authority is Helsingin seudun liikenne -kuntayhtymä HSL in Finnish and Samkommunen Helsingforsregionens trafik HRT in Swedish. The official name of HSL in English is Helsinki Regional Transport Authority . Also the shorter form of the name, Helsinki Region Transport ( HSL ) may be used in everyday use. HSL oversees

2200-430: The operation of all public transportation in the Helsinki region. However, apart from select bus routes with electric units, the agency does not operate any rolling stock. Therefore, it relies mainly on independent contractors for the operation of the network. The Helsinki Metro is operated by HKL . The metro line opened in 1982. The system serves 30 stations in total on its two lines, M1 and M2 . The first phase of

2255-483: The position of director of the Geological Survey of Finland and has no previous experience in public transportation. HSL's board voted on the selection and in the election HKL's CEO Ville Lehmuskoski and Nykänen both received seven votes, and the selection was then decided by drawing lots. The selection of a new CEO in 2020 became politicized a few days before the selection. Mika Nykänen, who was selected for

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2310-634: The position, has a long history in the National Coalition Party, and his selection as director of the Geological Survey of Finland has been considered political. Other candidates for the CEO position included HKL's CEO Ville Lehmuskoski, OnniBus.com's founder Pekka Möttö, and other veterans of the public transportation industry. In the summer of 2021, HSL (Helsinki Regional Transport Authority) decided that starting in 2022, students would only be able to receive discounts on fares purchased through

2365-501: The regional public transportation and internal public transportation of Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa. Beside planning, HSL also tenders the bus companies. The organization owns no buses or rail rolling stock. One of the agency's jobs is to compile the Helsinki Region Transport System Plan. HSL began installing new fare card readers on public transportation vehicles in 2016. The new reader's interface

2420-551: The riverbanks of Siuntio river. In 2019 there were 6,126 inhabitants in Siuntio and about half of them were living in the urban areas of Siuntio. The largest urban areas of Siuntio are the new municipal centre Siuntion asemanseutu ( lit.   ' Siuntio station area ' ) around the railway station and the old municipal centre Siuntion kirkonkylä ( lit.   ' Siuntio church village ' ) around Siuntio church. About 2,500 people were living around Siuntio railway station and, much less, about 350 people were living around

2475-568: The science for policy support to the European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and

2530-408: The student's information is found in the Koski service. The appeal also argued that the smartphone and its operating system must be sufficiently new for the HSL app to function. The phone's operating system must be Android or iOS. The Helsinki Administrative Court overturned HSL's decision, stating that students are entitled to receive discounts on physical fare cards in addition to the app. The decision

2585-400: The visual identity of all transportation services in Helsinki was unified under one brand name and logo. The HSL identity is heavily based on the color-coding of different elements to highlight the types of information presented; danger is represented in red, optional information in blue. The visual identity of HSL was created by the design office Kokoro & Moi. The designers have explained

2640-800: Was built a few kilometers south of the church, which resulted in the creation of the new municipal center around the railway station. After the Second World War , parts of Southern Siuntio were leased to the Soviet Union as part of the Porkkala Naval Base for 50 years following the 1944 Moscow Armistice between Finland, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. Although the land was returned to Finland in 1956, signs of Soviet occupation can still be found around

2695-429: Was built around 1480 on the site of previous wooden church buildings. The sacristy , the oldest part of the church, and armory were removed after the church caught fire in 1823. The National Author of Finland, Aleksis Kivi , lived in Siuntio in Fanjunkars croft from 1864 to 1871. The old municipality center around the church started to lose its significance after the coastal railway was built. The new railway station

2750-560: Was considered more difficult to use than the previous one, so HSL was advised to redesign the interface. Most of the criticism focused on the difficulty of using the device's OK button. At the end of 2016, Yle reported HSL's decision to retain the interface. HSL's project manager, Satu Rönnqvist, explained the decision: "The old fare card readers have had many of these error selections, which result in thousands of compensation claims to HSL each year. These are being attempted to be reduced with this OK button." In March 2017, Yle reported that HSL

2805-524: Was eventually restored. Writings in Cyrillic script instructing how Soviet soldiers should behave can still be seen on the walls of the Sjundby dairy house. Sjundby is listed as a Nationally Significant Built Cultural Environment and is protected by the Finnish Heritage Agency. The Pickala Manor House was on the Soviet side of the border during the leasing of Porkkala Naval Base. Near the manor house runs

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2860-459: Was increased to €30. As of 27 April 2019, the HSL area is divided into four zones designated A, B, C and D, roughly circularly divided according to distance from the city centre of Helsinki. Customers are obligated to buy a ticket spanning at least two zones at a time; the exception to this is zone D, for which a single zone ticket is available. Available tickets include single, multi-journey, day and seasonal tickets, all of which can be bought using

2915-779: Was one of the oldest wooden manor houses in Siuntio. The house was located near the church in the Tjusterby hamlet. The Manor House was moved from Helsinki to Siuntio in the late 19th century. Tjusterby Manor was destroyed in a large fire in 2011. Gårdskulla Manor is one of the largest farms in Finland with about 680 hectares of land. The main building is from the 1850s. Gårdskulla has a large collection of agricultural artefacts shown in its private museum. Over 100 old tractors, some cars, tools and steam machines are shown there. Siuntio local history museum, located in Siuntio Church Village , hosts permanent exhibitions regarding

2970-428: Was still considering a new fare card reader interface. HSL's customer and sales manager, Mari Flink, said that the company was conducting user tests regarding the ease of use of fare card readers. After these user tests, in the fall of 2017, HSL made the validation of season tickets faster. HSL's first CEO, Suvi Rihtniemi, retired and on November 3, 2020, Mika Nykänen was selected as her successor. Nykänen will come from

3025-606: Was to create larger administrative areas to eventually cut costs. However, the decision caused a conflict between the Siuntio political parties, which also divided the population. After several unclear negotiations, Siuntio failed to deliver any kind of answers and therefore was cut out of the merge with Lohja. In 2018 Siuntio joined the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority , securing good public transportation connections to Helsinki sub-region . The northern part of Siuntio has many high hills and

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