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25-740: The Siachen Muztagh is a remote subrange of the eastern Karakoram Range . Close to 60% is in area controlled by China , 40% in area controlled by India . Pakistan claims the Indian-controlled portion as part of the Siachen Conflict . India claims the Chinese-controlled portion. India administers its portion as part of the Union Territory of Ladakh . China administers its portion as part of Xinjiang province. All available maps and atlases (including

50-980: A French expedition to the range in 1936. The film won the Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival of 1937. Greg Mortenson details the Karakoram, and specifically K2 and the Balti , extensively in his book Three Cups of Tea , about his quest to build schools for children in the region. K2 Kahani (The K2 Story) by Mustansar Hussain Tarar describes his experiences at K2 base camp. Karakash River The river begins above 19,000 feet (5,800 m) about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Galwan Kangri peak in Aksai Chin. It flows north to Sumnal (15,540 ft), then turns sharply eastwards, flowing at

75-789: A detailed delineation of the Siachen Muztagh's limits on the 1990 Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research "Karakoram Sheet 2" map) define the range as between the Shaksgam River on the north, the Urdok Glacier on the northwest (Urdok in Uyghur meaning duck), the Siachen Glacier on the southwest, the Teram Shehr Glacier and Rimo Glacier, and Indira Col on the south, and the uppermost Yarkand River on

100-488: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Karakoram The Karakoram ( / ˌ k ɑːr ə ˈ k ɔːr əm , ˌ k ær -/ ) is a mountain range in the Kashmir region spanning the border of Pakistan , China , and India , with the northwestern extremity of the range extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan . Most of the Karakoram mountain range falls under the jurisdiction of Gilgit-Baltistan , which

125-517: Is a list for the highest peaks of the Karakoram. Included are some of the mountains named with a K code, the most famous of which is the K2 (mountain) . The majority of the highest peaks are in the Gilgit–Baltistan region administered by Pakistan. Baltistan has more than 100 mountain peaks exceeding 6,100 metres (20,000 ft) height from sea level. The naming and division of the various subranges of

150-542: Is about 500 km (311 mi) in length and is the most glaciated place on Earth outside the polar regions . The Siachen Glacier (76 km (47 mi) long) and Biafo Glacier (63 km (39 mi) long) are the second- and third-longest glaciers outside the polar regions. The Karakoram is bounded on the east by the Aksai Chin plateau, on the northeast by the edge of the Tibetan Plateau and on

175-491: Is famous for its white and greenish jade ( nephrite ) carried as river boulders and pebbles toward Khotan , as does the nearby Yurungkash (or 'White Jade') River. This river jade originates from eroded mountain deposits of which the most famous one is near Gulbashen, in southwestern Xinjiang (formerly Chinese Turkestan ). Black nephrite is also abundant in the Karakash River but these deposits are rarely reported in

200-592: Is located in Pakistan. Its highest (and the world's second-highest ) peak, K2 , is located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan . It begins in the Wakhan Corridor (Afghanistan) in the west, encompasses the majority of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and extends into Ladakh (controlled by India) and Aksai Chin (controlled by China). It is part of the larger Trans-Himalayan mountain ranges. The Karakoram

225-496: Is the second-highest mountain range on Earth and part of a complex of ranges that includes the Pamir Mountains , Hindu Kush , and Himalayas . The range contains 18 summits higher than 7,500 m (24,600 ft) in elevation , with four above 8,000 m (26,000 ft): K2 (8,611 m (28,251 ft) AMSL ) (the second-highest peak on Earth), Gasherbrum I , Broad Peak , and Gasherbrum II . The range

250-415: Is the only motorable pass across the range. The Shimshal Pass (which does not cross an international border) is the only other pass still in regular use. The Karakoram mountain range has been referred to in a number of novels and movies. Rudyard Kipling refers to the Karakoram mountain range in his novel Kim , which was first published in 1900. Marcel Ichac made a film titled Karakoram , chronicling

275-665: The 1910s and 1920s established most of the geography of the region. The name Karakoram was used in the early 20th century, for example by Kenneth Mason , for the range now known as the Baltoro Muztagh . The term is now used to refer to the entire range from the Batura Muztagh above Hunza in the west to the Saser Muztagh in the bend of the Shyok River in the east. Floral surveys were carried out in

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300-571: The Himalaya and 2.2 percent of the Alps . Mountain glaciers may serve as an indicator of climate change, advancing and receding with long-term changes in temperature and precipitation. The Karakoram glaciers are slightly retreating, unlike the Himalayas where glaciers are losing mass at significantly higher rate, many Karakoram glaciers are covered in a layer of rubble which insulates the ice from

325-517: The Karakoram is much less inhabited than parts of the Himalayas further east. European explorers first visited early in the 19th century, followed by British surveyors starting in 1856. The Muztagh Pass was crossed in 1887 by the expedition of Colonel Francis Younghusband and the valleys above the Hunza River were explored by General Sir George K. Cockerill in 1892. Explorations in

350-918: The Karakoram is not universally agreed upon. However, the following is a list of the most important subranges, following Jerzy Wala. The ranges are listed roughly west to east. [REDACTED] 1 ： Sia La , [REDACTED] 2 ： Bilafond La , [REDACTED] 3 ： Gyong La , [REDACTED] 4 ： Sasser Pass , [REDACTED] 5 ： Burji La , [REDACTED] 6 ： Machulo La , [REDACTED] 7 ： Naltar Pass , [REDACTED] 8 ： Hispar Pass , [REDACTED] 9 ： Shimshal Pass , [REDACTED] 10 ： Karakoram Pass , [REDACTED] 11 ： Turkistan La Pass , [REDACTED] 12 ： Windy Gap , [REDACTED] 13 ： Mustagh Pass , [REDACTED] 14 ： Sarpo Laggo Pass , [REDACTED] 15 ： Khunjerab Pass , [REDACTED] 16 ： Mutsjliga Pass , [REDACTED] 17 ： Mintaka Pass , [REDACTED] 18 ： Kilik Pass Passes from west to east are: The Khunjerab Pass

375-691: The Kunlun mountain range near the Suget or Sanju Pass . It passes by Khotan to its west, running parallel to the Yurungkash River , which it joins near Koxlax (some 125 km north of Khotan ( 38°05′N 80°34′E  /  38.08°N 80.56°E  / 38.08; 80.56 ). The combined river is called the Hotan River , which flows into the Tarim River . The Karakash River

400-562: The People's Republic of China for UNESCO and have been tentatively added to the list. Karakoram is a Turkic term meaning black gravel . The Central Asian traders originally applied the name to the Karakoram Pass . Early European travellers, including William Moorcroft and George Hayward , started using the term for the range of mountains west of the pass, although they also used the term Muztagh (meaning, "Ice Mountain") for

425-724: The Shyok River catchment and from Panamik to Turtuk village by Chandra Prakash Kala during 1999 and 2000. The Karakoram is in one of the world's most geologically active areas, at the plate boundary between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate . A significant part, somewhere between 28 and 50 percent, of the Karakoram Range is glaciated covering an area of more than 15,000 square kilometres or 5,800 square miles, compared to between 8 and 12 percent of

450-453: The east. Its highest peak is Teram Kangri I, 7,462 metres (24,482 feet). The following is a table of the peaks in the Siachen Muztagh which are over 7,200 meters (23,622 feet) in elevation and have over 500 meters (1,524 feet) of topographic prominence . (This is a common criterion for peaks of this stature to be independent.) This article related to a location in Jammu and Kashmir

475-781: The foot of the Karatagh Range (skirting just north of the Soda Plains of Aksai Chin). Just beyond Palong Karpo, it reaches the foot of the Kunlun Mountains , where it turns sharply northwestwards, and crosses into Xinjiang proper. At this location it receives another headwater now called the 'East Karakash River' (which was once regarded as the main headwater). The combined river flows past the towns of Sumgal, Fotash, Gulbashem, until it reaches Xaidulla (Shahidulla). The river then turns sharply northeastwards near Xaidulla, and, after passing through Ali Nazar cuts through

500-593: The north by the river valleys of the Yarkand and Karakash rivers beyond which lie the Kunlun Mountains . At the northwest corner are the Pamir Mountains . The southern boundary of the Karakoram is formed, west to east, by the Gilgit , Indus and Shyok rivers , which separate the range from the northwestern end of the Himalaya range proper. These rivers flow northwest before making an abrupt turn southwestward towards

525-520: The north, the Karakoram glaciers joined those from the Kunlun Mountains and flowed down to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in the Tarim basin. While the current valley glaciers in the Karakoram reach a maximum length of 76 kilometres (47 mi), several of the ice-age valley glacier branches and main valley glaciers, had lengths up to 700 kilometres (430 mi). During the Ice Age, the glacier snowline

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550-678: The plains of Pakistan . Roughly in the middle of the Karakoram range is the Karakoram Pass , which was part of a historic trade route between Ladakh and Yarkand that is now inactive. The Tashkurghan National Nature Reserve and the Pamir Wetlands National Nature Reserve in the Karalorun and Pamir mountains have been nominated for inclusion in UNESCO in 2010 by the National Commission of

575-597: The range now known as Karakoram. Later terminology was influenced by the Survey of India , whose surveyor Thomas Montgomerie in the 1850s gave the labels K1 to K6 (K for Karakoram) to six high mountains visible from his station at Mount Haramukh in Kashmir Valley , codes extended further up to more than thirty. In traditional Indian geography the mountains were known as Krishnagiri (black mountains), Kanhagiri and Kanheri . Due to its altitude and ruggedness,

600-601: The warmth of the sun. Where there is no such insulation, the rate of retreat is high. In the last ice age , a connected series of glaciers stretched from western Tibet to Nanga Parbat , and from the Tarim basin to the Gilgit District . To the south, the Indus glacier was the main valley glacier, which flowed 120 kilometres (75 mi) down from Nanga Parbat massif to 870 metres (2,850 ft) elevation. In

625-1511: Was about 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) lower than today. Legend： 1： K2 ,  2： Gasherbrum I, K5 ,  3： Broad Peak ,  4： Gasherbrum II, K4 ,  5： Gasherbrum III, K3a ,  6： Gasherbrum IV, K3 ,  7： Distaghil Sar ,  8： Kunyang Chhish ,  9： Masherbrum, K1 ,  10： Batura Sar, Batura I ,  11： Rakaposhi ,  12： Batura II ,  13： Kanjut Sar ,  14： Saltoro Kangri, K10 ,  15： Batura III ,  16： Saser Kangri I, K22 ,  17： Chogolisa ,  18： Shispare ,  19： Trivor Sar ,  20： Skyang Kangri ,  21： Mamostong Kangri, K35 ,  22： Saser Kangri II ,  23： Saser Kangri III ,  24： Pumari Chhish ,  25： Passu Sar ,  26： Yukshin Gardan Sar ,  27： Teram Kangri I ,  28： Malubiting ,  29： K12 ,  30： Sia Kangri ,  31： Momhil Sar ,  32： Skil Brum ,  33： Haramosh Peak ,  34： Ghent Kangri ,  35： Ultar Sar ,  36： Rimo massif ,  37： Sherpi Kangri ,  38： Yazghil Dome South ,  39： Baltoro Kangri ,  40： Crown Peak ,  41： Baintha Brakk ,  42： Yutmaru Sar ,  43： K6 ,  44： Muztagh Tower ,  45： Diran ,  46： Apsarasas Kangri I ,  47： Rimo III ,  48： Gasherbrum V Here

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