Misplaced Pages

#480519

49-1022: The origin of SICNU can be traced back to the National Northeastern University , which was exiled out of Northeast China after the Mukden Incident in 1931 and relocated to Santai in 1938 after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the subsequent Japanese invasion of North China . After the War of Resistance Against Japan (1937–1945) was over, the Northeastern University moved back to its home in Shenyang , but some of its faculties and staff remained in Sichuan, and in 1946, they established Northern Sichuan Workers and Peasants College on

98-441: A Taipei suburb, with Chiang Kai-shek's family. On March 26, 1988, two months after the death of Chiang Kai-shek's son Chiang Ching-kuo , his freedom was officially restored. In 1991, Zhang made his first trip abroad after being released from house arrest, visiting San Francisco to see friends and family who had moved there. Zhang emigrated to Honolulu , Hawaii in 1995. There he lived with his younger brother Chang Hsueh-sen, who

147-441: A few days later, on 4 January 1937, but with the stipulation that he not be given his civil rights back and that he would remain under protective detention. During the first few years of Zhang's imprisonment, he was regularly moved from location to location under the close supervision of Chiang Kai-shek. He was soon joined by his first wife, Yu Fengzhi. The couple began living with the family of one of his wardens, Liu Yiguang. Zhang

196-534: A period of more than 50 years. Zhang Xueliang was born in Haicheng , Liaoning province on June 3, 1901. Zhang was educated by private tutors and, unlike his father, the warlord Zhang Zuolin , he felt at ease in the company of westerners. Zhang graduated from Fengtian Military Academy , was made a colonel in the Fengtian Army , and appointed the commander of his father's bodyguards in 1919. In 1921 he

245-667: A sizeable army. Nonetheless, this would still be in line with Chiang's overall strategic standings. After retreating from Manchuria, Zhang and the Northeastern Army took up defensive positions along the Great Wall in Rehe . During this time, Zhang sponsored China's first participation in the Olympic Games . The Japanese attacked Zhang again in 1933 , and after a weak resistance, Zhang was denied reinforcements from

294-612: Is also authorized to enroll students for master's degree in education and students for certificates in various specialties at graduate level. In addition, SICNU has 29 key disciplines and laboratories as well as personnel training centres. In the past five years, SICNU faculty staff have undertaken over 400 research projects that come from the National Social Sciences Foundation, the National Natural Sciences Foundation,

343-1150: Is named the school's honorary President in the same year. In 1997, the then Shenyang Gold College merged into Northeastern University. Northeastern University is the home to two national key laboratories, State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and home to 4 national engineering (technology) research centers, 12 key laboratories, engineering centers and strategic research bases of Ministry of Education , 57 key laboratories, engineering centers and engineering laboratories affiliated to Liaoning Province. There are currently 5 members of Chinese Academy of Engineering or of Sciences as full-time faculty in NEU, including Wen Bangchun ( 闻邦椿 ), Chai Tianyou ( 柴天佑 ), Wang Guodong ( 王国栋 ), Feng Xiating ( 冯夏庭 ), and Tang Lixin ( 唐立新 ). As of January 2024, Northeastern University contains 4 campuses (3 in Shenyang and 1 in Qinhuangdao). The main campus of Northeastern University,

392-570: Is the third largest in Sichuan Province, and it has a collection of bound volumes of 300,000 titles. SICNU consists of 18 colleges: Chinese Language and Literature, Mathematics and Software, Continuing Education and others. Approved by the Ministry of Education, SICNU set up two separate colleges. These campuses have 21 research institutes and sectors, 69 undergraduate specialties and 42 specialties entitled to grant master's degrees. SICNU

441-509: Is to reserve talent and invigorate education. In 1922, a preparatory committee of Northeastern University is established. In April 1923, Northeastern University was founded, with Wang Yongjiang , the then acting governor of Feng Tian Province, appointed as its first president. The university opened school of Literature and Laws at the former location of the Feng Tian Literature school, and school of science and engineering at

490-616: The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranked NEU at 201-300th globally. The U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking 2024-2025 ranked NEU as 492nd in the world, 119th in Asia and 63rd in China. 41°45′55″N 123°25′06″E  /  41.7653°N 123.4184°E  / 41.7653; 123.4184 Zhang Xueliang Zhang Xueliang ( Chinese : 張學良 ; June 3, 1901 – October 15, 2001)

539-695: The KMT and his frail health. However, he was named as the honorary President of Northeastern University in 1993, where he served as President between 1928 and 1937. Zhang was also named as the honorary chairman of Harbin Institute of Technology in 1993. In June 2000, Edith Chao died at the age of 88. On October 14 of the following year, Zhang died of pneumonia at the age of 100. at Straub Hospital in Honolulu. Representatives from both China and Taiwan attended his funeral in Honolulu, along with Yan Mingfu ,

SECTION 10

#1732780480481

588-675: The Nanjing -based government against the Northern warlords in exchange for control of the key railroads in Hebei and the customs revenues from the port city of Tianjin . A year later, in the September 18 Mukden Incident , Japanese troops attacked Zhang's forces in Shenyang in order to provoke a full-on war with China, which Chiang did not want to face until his forces were stronger. In accordance with this strategy, Zhang's armies withdrew from

637-600: The New Testament . In 1964, he formally married Edith Chao, daughter of a senior official, who left her family in her teens to become his companion and later followed him into exile. His first wife, Yu, said she was so moved by Ms. Chao's devotion that she released her husband from his vows. Zhang and his wife, Edith, became devout Christians who also regularly attended Sunday services at the Methodist chapel in Shilin ,

686-569: The Japanese government, dissatisfied with the pro-Kuomintang policy of Zhang Zuolin, and now his son, threatened to "take the most decisive measures to ensure that the Kuomintang flag never flies over Manchuria". The "Young Marshal" supported Nanjing, and Feng's troops were pushed back to the outlying provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan, and in July 1929, Japan officially recognized Kuomintang China. At

735-545: The Japanese invasion. After two weeks of negotiations, Chiang agreed to unite with the communists and drive the Japanese out of China. After Chiang negotiated with the Communists, Zhang flew back to Nanjing as a demonstration of good faith. As soon as Zhang landed in Nanjing, Chiang had him placed under arrest by military police. Zhang wrote Chiang an obsequious letter of apology. Although he never disavowed his role in

784-460: The Japanese. He believed that "communism was a cancer while the Japanese represented a superficial wound." Growing nationalist anger against Japan made this position very unpopular, and led to Zhang's action against Chiang, known as the Xi'an Incident . In December 1936, Zhang and General Yang Hucheng kidnapped Chiang, imprisoning him until he agreed to form a united front with the communists against

833-496: The Ministry of Education, SASTIND , Liaoning Provincial People's Government, and Shenyang Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . In 1921, the parliament of Feng Tian province passed a bill on uniting Jilin and Heilongjiang province leading to the establishment of the Northeastern University. The main objective

882-593: The Nanhu campus is located in Shenyang, Liaoning, adjacent to the southern bank of the Hun River, and bordered by Nanhu Lake to the north. The total area of the school covers 2.03 million square meters, with a building area of 1 million square meters. The Hunnan Campus of Northeastern University is located at 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District , Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. It is situated 16 kilometers away from

931-642: The Northeastern University was dissolved by the Northeast Administrative Commission. As the result, the School of engineering and part of the School of Science of the Northeastern University were transformed into Northeastern Engineering College, operating under the affiliation of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of China. The campus is located in Nanhu, Shenyang. In 1987, Qinhuangdao Metallurgical Geological Workers College (now Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao ) merged with

980-562: The Qinhuangdao Branch of the Graduate School of Northeastern University, one Sino-foreign cooperative educational institution, and eight colleges. It offers 36 undergraduate majors in economics, law, literature, science, engineering, and management. The university shares doctoral and master's degree resources with Northeastern University and has its own master's programs in optical engineering and ethnology . In 2024,

1029-629: The School of Continuing Education of Northeastern University moved here, and the Shenhe Campus of Northeastern University serves as the teaching work of continuing education such as adult education and vocational training. The school is located in Haigang District , Qinhuangdao , Hebei and has a campus area of around 530,000 square meters. It has 849 faculty members, including 283 experienced professionals and 265 supervisors for master's and doctoral students. The university consists of

SECTION 20

#1732780480481

1078-598: The State Commission of Education, STC was renamed as Sichuan Normal University. SICNU is located southeast of downtown Chengdu, and is outside Chengdu's 2nd Ring Road. It now has four campuses, the main campus, the Eastern Campus, Chenglong Campus and Shizishan Campus. The campus which is located in Jinjiang (Chinese: 锦江 ) District is the main campus, and it covers an area of 3,000 mu . Its library

1127-551: The Xi'an incident, he admitted that what he had done was a crime, and asked to be punished. He intended the letter to be a private assurance of loyalty to Chiang, but the latter had the letter published so as to discredit Zhang. Li Liejun then presided over a show trial which convicted Zhang of abducting the Generalissimo and attempting to change government policy, sentencing him to ten years in prison. Chiang had him pardoned just

1176-740: The Xinhuo Program at national level, the National 863 Key Program of High Technology, the Tenth-Five Years Planning of the National Education Science as well as other scientific and technological programs at ministerial or provincial level. In addition, SICNU faculty staff have published over 500 academic books and 5,000 academic theses and papers. 380 of these were printed by SCI, EI, or ISTP journals. SICNU faculty staff also have obtained 130 prizes in

1225-707: The acting president of the school in January 1937. Subsequently ,in June, the school moved to Xi 'an entirely. In the spring of 1938, due to heavy bombardment on Xi'an by the Japanese Air Force and the deteriorating situation, Northeastern University moved to Santai , Sichuan . In May 1946, following the victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War , the faculty and students of Northeastern University relocated back to Shenyang. In March 1949,

1274-630: The army and leader of the Fengtian clique upon his father's assassination . A reformer sympathetic to nationalist ideas , he completed the official reunification of China by pledging loyalty to the Nationalist government , and used his powerful base to wield significant influence in the politics of the Nanjing decade . Zhang followed Chiang's policy of nonresistance to the Japanese invasions of Manchuria in 1931 and Rehe in 1933, after which he

1323-424: The assistance of Australian journalist William Henry Donald and Dr. Harry Willis Miller , he overcame his opium addiction in 1933 with the administering of Cantharidin auto-serum therapy. He was given the nickname "Hero of History" ( 千古功臣 ) by PRC historians because of his desire to reunite China and rid it of Japanese invaders; and was willing to pay the price and become "vice" leader of China (not because it

1372-608: The central government and had to retreat further south. He resigned his posts, underwent treatment for his opium addiction, and left for a year-long exile in Europe. When Zhang returned in January 1934, he sought to regain his position in charge of the Northeastern Army. However, this was strongly opposed by both the Japanese and some Nationalist leaders critical of his failure to stop the Japanese advance. Chiang therefore reassigned him to an anti-Communist force in Wuhan, alienating Zhang and

1421-881: The disposal of Nanjing. Zhang Xueliang, in turn, believed that the capture of the CER would strengthen his position in the Northeast, allow him to personally manage the profits of the CER, and ensure his independence from Nanjing. As a result, on July 10, 1929, the Conflict on the CER began. However, the Red Army showed a higher combat capability, and the conflict ended with the signing of the Khabarovsk Protocol of December 22, 1929. In 1930, when warlords Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan attempted to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government , Zhang stepped in to support

1470-543: The final Communist base at Yan'an. On April 6, 1936, Zhang met with CPC delegate Zhou Enlai to plan the end of the Chinese Civil War . KMT leader Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek at the time took a passive position against Japan and considered the communists to be a greater danger to the Republic of China than the Japanese, and his overall strategy was to annihilate the communists before focusing his efforts on

1519-461: The former Shenyang Higher Normal School. In August 1928, General Zhang Xueliang served as the university president. In 1929, Zhang invited Liu Bannong to write the lyrics of the university song and Zhao Yuanren to compose the music. Later, the song was adapted and improved by Lv Yuan, a famous composer. Following the Mukden incident in 1931, the Japanese army seized control of the campus of

Sichuan Normal University - Misplaced Pages Continue

1568-431: The front lines without significant engagements, leading to the effective Japanese occupation of Zhang's former northeastern domain. There has been speculation that Chiang Kai-Shek wrote a letter to Zhang asking him to pull his forces back, but Zhang later stated that he himself issued the orders. Apparently, Zhang was aware of how weak his forces were compared to the Japanese and wished to preserve his position by retaining

1617-594: The leader of the Northeast Peace Preservation Forces (popularly " Northeastern Army "), which controlled China's northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang , Fengtian , and Jilin . In December of the same year he proclaimed his allegiance to the Kuomintang (KMT; Chinese Nationalist Party). The Japanese believed that Zhang Xueliang, who was known as a womanizer and an opium addict , would be much more subject to Japanese influence than

1666-456: The name of Scientific and Technologic Awards at national or provincial level, Invention Awards, Philosophy and Social Sciences Achievement Awards and High Quality Teaching Achievement Awards. National Northeastern University Northeastern University ( NEU ) is a public university in Shenyang , Liaoning , China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education , and co-funded by

1715-421: The other leaders of the Northeastern Army. Over the next year, Zhang became a more outspoken critic of Chiang's policy of appeasement towards Japan. He continued to pressure Chiang to reappoint him as head of the Northeastern Army, with the hope that he could use the force to fight the Japanese. On 2 October 1935, Chiang granted to Zhang's request, but only because he needed the Northeastern Army's support to crush

1764-498: The same Santai campus. Later, it was renamed as Northern Sichuan University and moved to Nanchong City. In 1952, during the period of the merger of universities and colleges across the country, Sichuan Teachers College (STC) came into being. It mainly grew out of Northern Sichuan University, and at the same time, it merged with Eastern Sichuan College of Education and some specialties from Sichuan University and West China University. In 1956, STC moved to Chengdu, and in 1985, approved by

1813-595: The same time, Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek held a personal meeting in Beiping, at which a decision was made on the armed seizure of the Chinese Eastern Railway or CER. By pushing Zhang Xueliang to take this step, Chiang Kai-shek sought to make the Young Marshal completely dependent on Nanjing and at the same time raise his prestige and get most of the profits from the operation of the CER at

1862-508: The student life service center, the energy and power center, and the central substation. The Shenhe Campus of Northeastern University is the former Basic College of Northeastern University, which is located in the southeast of Shenyang, close to Hunnan Development Zone and 6 kilometers away from the Nanhu campus of Northeastern University. After the completion of the Hunnan campus, students at Northeastern University no longer study here. In 2015,

1911-399: The university's Nanhu Campus. The campus covers an area of 890,000 square meters and has a planned construction area of 970,000 square meters. Currently, it has 15 buildings in use, including Teaching Building 1, the library, the information center, the life sciences building, the humanities and management building, the architecture building, the gymnasium, student dormitories 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,

1960-528: The university, resulting in the university being forced into exile. In October, the university resumed academic activities in Beiping . In 1936, the School of Engineering of Northeastern University moved to Xi'an , establishing a branch school. After the Xi'an Incident in December led to the imprisonment of university president Zhang, the Nationalist government of China appointed educator Zang Qifang as

2009-594: The university. With the approval of the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, the Qinhuangdao Branch of Northeastern Engineering College was established. With the approval of National Education Commission, Northeastern Engineering College was renamed to Northeastern University in March 1993. Zhang Xueliang, former president of the University between 1928 and 1937,

Sichuan Normal University - Misplaced Pages Continue

2058-555: Was a Chinese general who in 1928 succeeded his father Zhang Zuolin as the commander of the Northeastern Army . He is best known for his role in the Xi'an Incident in 1936, in which he arrested Chiang Kai-shek and forced him to form a Second United Front with the Chinese Communist Party against the Japanese. In 1928, Zhang, at the time a general in the Northeastern Army, became the commander of

2107-506: Was allowed access to his bank account, but was (according to custom) expected to pay for most of the expenses related to his detention. In 1940 Yu Fengzhi became sick with breast cancer and was granted permission to seek treatment in the United States. Although they remained affectionate in their letters to one another, the couple would never see each other again. In 1964, Yu agreed to divorce Zhang so that he could marry Zhao. Zhang

2156-506: Was eventually taken to Taiwan, where he remained under house arrest until Chiang's 1975 death. Much of his time was spent studying Ming dynasty literature and the Manchu language and collecting Chinese fan paintings, calligraphy, and other works of art by illustrious artists (a collection of more than 200 works using his studio's name "Dingyuanzhai" ( 定遠齋 ) was auctioned with tremendous success by Sotheby's on April 10, 1994). Zhang studied

2205-512: Was forced to resign as head of the Northeastern Army. In 1935, Zhang was again appointed its commander to suppress the Communists, but became disillusioned with Chiang's policy of "stabilizing China before resisting Japan", and helped to plan the Xi'an Incident . Following the incident, Chiang had Zhang arrested for insubordination and sentenced to house arrest, first in mainland China and then in Taiwan. Zhang would remain under confinement until 1988,

2254-554: Was good that he was supporting the Kuomintang). In order to rid his command of Japanese influence, he had two prominent pro-Tokyo officials executed in front of the assembled guests at a dinner party in January 1929. It was a hard decision for him to make. The two had powers over the heads of others. In May 1929, relations between the Kuomintang Nanjing and the excessively strengthened Feng Yuxiang worsened. In addition,

2303-476: Was his father. On this premise, an officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army therefore killed his father, Zhang Zuolin , by exploding a bomb above his train while it crossed under a railroad bridge. Surprisingly, the younger Zhang proved to be more independent and skilled than anyone had expected and declared his support for Chiang Kai-shek , leading to the reunification of China in 1928 . With

2352-568: Was sent to Japan to observe military maneuvers, where he developed a special interest in aircraft. Later, he developed an air corps for the Fengtian Army, which was widely used in the battles that took place within the Great Wall during the 1920s. In 1922, he was promoted to major general and commanded an army-sized force. Two years later, he was also made commander of the air units. Upon the death of his father in 1928, he succeeded him as

2401-528: Was working as a hotelier. Although never personally a communist, Zhang is regarded by the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China as a patriotic hero for his role in ending the encirclement campaigns and beginning the war of resistance against Japan . There were numerous pleas for him to visit mainland China , but Zhang declined, citing his political closeness to

#480519