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40-442: The side pawns referred to are the pawns that are advanced in order to open both players' bishop diagonal. (P34 is White's side pawn, P76 is Black's.) In this opening, this pawn is captured by an opponent's rook in a gambit move – typically, made by Black with Rx34. This is one of the few gambits in shogi. The move has the typical characteristics of gambits: Black gains material with the extra pawn but now has lost tempo as their rook

80-443: A Double Wing Attack variation. In the case of a Double Wing opening, Floating Rook (7. R-26) is the more common position since the rook will defend Black's side pawn on 76, which could otherwise be captured by White if R-28. 6... P-86, 7. Px86 Rx86. White trades their rook pawn on the eighth file. This is the most common move to transition to a typical Side Pawn Capture opening. After this, both players have two pawns in

120-429: A Meijin challenger in 1999 and 2000, even using the same strategy when playing White in his Meijin match. Research has continued throughout the 21st century, and new variations have been introduced like Teruichi Aono's K-58 variation ( Aono's Variation ), and Yūki Sasaki's K-68 variation ( Yūki's Variation ). 1. P-76. Black opens their bishop diagonal. This is the most flexible first move. This pawn that

160-471: A Static Rook opening by advancing their rook pawns. Thus, the game will likely be a Double Static Rook opening. 3. P-25 P-85. Both continue their rook pawn advances to rank 5. Thus, the likelihood of a Double Static Rook game increases. Furthermore, this board configuration gives a strong indication of the Side Pawn opening. 4. G-78. Black moves their left gold to the seventh file protecting

200-485: A bishop is most popular variation. These strategies are known simply as Bishop-33 and Knight-33 variations. Gambit A gambit (from Italian gambetto , the act of tripping someone with the leg to make them fall) is a chess opening in which a player sacrifices material with the aim of achieving a subsequent positional advantage. The word gambit is also sometimes used to describe similar tactics used by politicians or business people in

240-516: A bishop trade with their gold on 32 undefended. One option is for White to prevent Black from initiating a bishop trade by moving a piece to the 33 square. This includes either the set of ☖ Bishop-33 strategies or a Knight-33 strategy. (See § Variations with White blocking Black's bishop trade below.) Another option is for White to initiate a bishop trade first, which leads to Double Side Pawn Capture and Bishop*45 strategies among others. (See § White's bishop trade variations below.) Another minor option

280-408: A countergambit. Usually, Black accepts the side pawn gambit while White may or may not also capture Black's side pawn depending upon the variation. Side Pawn Capture is known for having several very sharp variations. The term Side Pawn Capture (横歩取り) can also refer to an older unrelated joseki for a Static Rook position played against Central Rook . (See: Central Rook vs Side Pawn .) Although

320-594: A novel interruption in Side Pawn Capture theory. Since pulling White's rook back to the fifth rank (R-85) countered the up-to-then conventional strategy, professional shogi players had a lot of trouble accommodating it due to the shogi sense they had accumulated since they were children, and for a while the winning rate for White went unusually up to almost 70%. With further research into this strategy, Tadahisa Maruyama adopted successfully Side Pawn Capture when playing White in his A-class ranking matches to become

360-524: A number of awards and honors throughout his career for his accomplishments both on an off the shogi board. These include the Annual Shogi Awards given out by the JSA for performance in official games as well as other JSA awards for career accomplishments, and awards received from governmental organizations, etc. for contributions made to Japanese society. Maruyama has finished in the "Top 10" of

400-481: A sound gambit is the Scotch Gambit : 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Bc4. Here Black can force White to sacrifice a pawn speculatively with 4...Bb4+, but White gets very good compensation for one pawn after 5.c3 dxc3 6.bxc3, or for two pawns after 6.0-0 inviting 6...cxb2 7.Bxb2, due to the development advantage and attacking chances against the black king. As a result, Black is often advised not to try to hold on to

440-633: A struggle with rivals in their fields, for example: "The early election was a risky gambit by Theresa May ." The Spanish word gambito was originally applied to chess openings in 1561 by Ruy López de Segura , from an Italian expression dare il gambetto (to put a leg forward in order to trip someone). In English, the word first appeared in Francis Beale 's 1656 translation of a Gioachino Greco manuscript, The Royall Game of Chesse-play ("illustrated with almost one hundred Gambetts" ). The Spanish gambito led to French gambit , which has influenced

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480-473: A winning percentage of 0.625. That same month, Maruyama defeated Sōta Fujii to win the 31st Ginga-sen  [ ja ] . The victory gave Maruyama his first Ginga-sen championship, and it also was the first defeat for Fujii in a tournament final since obtaining 8-crown status in September 2023. The championship game was actually played on November 1, 2023, but the final result was not made public until

520-598: Is a former Meijin and Kiō title holder. Maruyama was born in Kisarazu , Chiba on September 5, 1970. He won the 9th Junior High School Student Shogi Meijin Tournament  [ ja ] in 1984, and the following year entered the Japan Shogi Association 's apprentice school at the rank of 6- kyū as a protegee of shogi professional Yūji Sase  [ ja ] . He was promoted to

560-420: Is for White to move their king to the 41 square protecting the gold on 32 (See § ☖8...K-41 below). Note that a Side Pawn Capture opening is not the only possibility here. Black may also pull their rook back to 26 or 28 for a Double Wing Attack opening with open bishop diagonals. If the rook is pulled back to 26, then the rook will prevent White from playing a reversed Side Pawn position (with Rx76) while pulling

600-492: Is now off its original file and requires a few moves to maneuver the rook back to the second file safely, White has lost material but now has faster development including the possibility of dropping a pawn to attack on the third file later (and Black has no comparable extra pawn drop possibilities). Additionally, while White has offered the P34 gambit pawn for capture, Black has also offered their own P76 for capture as well making this

640-606: Is sometimes named a "countergambit", e.g. the Albin Countergambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e5) and Greco Countergambit (the original name for the Latvian Gambit). Not all opening lines involving the sacrifice of material are named as gambits, for example the main line of the Two Knights Defense (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5) in which Black sacrifices a pawn for active play is known as

680-527: Is thought to be the first person to write about it. Nevertheless, in between the Meiji period and the beginning of the Shōwa period (1868–1930), capturing the pawn on 34 was considered a bad move for Black, and hence the old shogi proverb “Side pawn capture means three years of trouble.” In particular, it was thought at the time that although the capture was profitable in that a pawn was acquired, for Black it meant that

720-402: Is unclear how useful this general maxim is since the "free moves" part of the compensation is almost never the entirety of what the gambiteer gains. Often, a gambit can be declined with no disadvantage. A gambit is said to be 'sound' if it is capable of procuring adequate concessions from the opponent. There are three general criteria in which a gambit is often said to be sound: An example of

760-439: Is yet another possibility. 4. P-24. After both players advance their rook pawns to the middle rank 5, there is a variation in which Black immediately attacks on the second file without the usual left gold fortification (4. G-78) shown in the main lines above. This may still develop into a standard Side Pawn Capture opening. However, there are other possible options which diverge from Side Pawn. At Black's pawn trade on

800-506: The ☖6...P*23 variation with a bishop trade by White and Black playing an early S-77.) Simultaneously, strategies for White began to be developed as well. Kunio Naitō actively adopted Side Pawn Capture (particularly the B-33 variation ), and thanks to his superb command of the opening this variation is called Naitō's Aerial Fight. Other top shogi players to adopt Side Pawn Capture were Kunio Yonenaga , Makoto Nakahara , and Kōji Tanigawa . At

840-483: The "Knorre Variation", though it may be described as a "gambit". On the other hand, the Queen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4) is not a true gambit as Black cannot hold the pawn without incurring a disadvantage. As is often the case with chess openings, nomenclature is inconsistent. Gambits are described as being "offered" to an opponent, and that offer is then said to be either "accepted" or "declined". In modern chess,

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880-406: The 26th Shinjin-Ō match which made him the first person to win the tournament in consecutive years. Maruyama, however, was unable to repeat his success for a third consecutive year when he lost the 27th Shinjin-Ō match 2 games to 1 to Takeshi Fujii in 1996. Maruyama's first appearance in a major title match came in 1999 when he challenged Yoshiharu Habu for the 47th Ōza title. Maruyama lost

920-406: The 88 square from a later possible bishop attack and protecting the 87 square in preparation for White pawn exchange on that file. 4... G-32. White mirrors Black's move for the same reasons. Both players have symmetrical positions. This board is highly suggestive of Side Pawn Capture. However, a Double Wing Attack opening is still possible depending on whether either player actually takes

960-633: The English spelling of the word. The metaphorical sense of the word as "opening move meant to gain advantage" was first recorded in English in 1855. Gambits are more commonly played by White . Some well-known examples of a gambit are the King's Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.f4) and Evans Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4). A gambit employed by Black may also be named a gambit, e.g. the Latvian Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5), or Englund Gambit (1.d4 e5); but

1000-485: The Side Pawn Capture opening. The Side Pawn opening position above can be reached by several different move sequences, some of which are shown below. The first transposition recalls the Double Wing Attack opening while the third transposition is similar to the beginning of a Bishop Exchange opening. The second transposition has similarities of both Double Wing and Bishop Exchange. The last transposition

1040-459: The Side Pawn opening was not very common decades ago, it has become one of the most popular Double Static Rook openings with professional players and was the second most common opening used in 2016 and the most popular Double Static Rook opening of that year. The Side Pawn Capture idea is very old with records showing it was played already during the Edo period . Edo-period shogi master Ryūsetsu Ōhashi

1080-434: The buildup of the formation would be slowed down, making it a bad idea. This would start gradually changing in the post-war years. Shogi master (and eventual Lifetime Meijin ) Yoshio Kimura would challenge this prevailing view by obtaining a very high winning record playing Side Pawn Capture, and soon the strategy became popular for Black. (The adjacent diagram shows an early Side Pawn game, which Kimura won as Black, using

1120-527: The end of the 1980s. With the appearance in the shogi world of top players like Yoshiharu Habu , Toshiyuki Moriuchi , and Yasumitsu Satō (often called the Habu generation ), investigation into the opening and subsequent middlegame strategies rapidly developed. As a result, many variations of Side Pawn Capture for Black became established. In 1997, Makoto Chūza first demonstrated the R-85 variation , which brought

1160-410: The extra pawn. A more dubious gambit is the so-called Halloween Gambit : 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nxe5 ?! Nxe5 5.d4. Here the investment (a knight for just one pawn) is too large for the moderate advantage of having a strong center. Tadahisa Maruyama Tadahisa Maruyama ( 丸山 忠久 , Maruyama Tadahisa , born September 5, 1970) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 9- dan . He

1200-615: The game was broadcast on December 23. Maruyama invented the Maruyama Vaccine (丸山ワクチン ( Maruyama Wakuchin ) ) variation for Static Rook positions playing against Cheerful Central Rook opponents. The promotion history for Maruyama is as follows: Maruyama has appeared in major title matches a total of ten times and has won three major titles. In addition to major titles, he has won thirteen other shogi championships during his career. Note: Tournaments marked with an asterisk (*) are no longer held. Maruyama has received

1240-421: The hand and their rooks are fully activated. 8. Rx34. Black captures White's pawn on the third file ending up with three pawns in hand. This is the defining characteristic of Side Pawn Capture openings. Following Black's side pawn capture, White has several options that will determine both White and Black's strategies. The most important constraint on these choices is that White must not allow Black to initiate

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1280-472: The match 3 games to 1. On December 8, 2023, Maruyama became the tenth professional shogi player overall and the first since July 2017 to reach 1000 wins in official games when he defeated Kōichi Fukaura in a Eiō tournament preliminary round game. Maruyama qualified for the JSA 's "Special Shogi Honor Award" for reaching this milestone. His career record at the time of the victory was 1000 wins and 600 losses for

1320-418: The other extreme, other players disliked Side Pawn Capture. In the 1990 Ōshō game against then title holder Yoshikazu Minami , who did not usually capture the side pawn, challenger Yonenaga commented to the press “No way I’ll lose against a man who doesn’t capture the side pawn.” Minami responded by playing Side Pawn Capture in the game. Exceptional developments in the Side Pawn Capture opening occurred by

1360-458: The rank of 1-dan in 1986 and achieved professional status and the rank of 4-dan in April 1990. Maruyama's first tournament championship as a professional came in came in 1994 when he defeated Masataka Gōda 2 games to none to win the 25th Shinjin-Ō  [ ja ] tournament. Maruyama successfully defended his championship the following year by defeating Kōichi Fukaura 2 games to 1 in

1400-433: The rook back to 28 does give White this option. After Black captures White's side pawn, White must prevent Black from initiating a bishop trade. Otherwise, Black will make the bishop trade leading to a trap that puts White in a poor structure. One of the major options of Side Pawn Capture is to block Black from initiating a bishop trade. Either a bishop or a knight can be used for this purpose. However, blocking with

1440-402: The second file (move 11), White has two main options. The most common option is for White to initiate a pawn trade on their rook's file. This will most likely lead to the Side Pawn Capture opening. (See § White's eighth file pawn trade below.) The second option is for White to attack Black's rook with a pawn drop on the second file. This option can still lead to a Side Pawn Capture opening and

1480-468: The side pawn in the subsequent moves. Furthermore, a Tempo Loss Bishop Exchange opening is also possible. 5. P-24. Black initiates a pawn trade on the second file by attacking White's pawn. 5... Px24, 6. Rx24. Pawn trade clearing off the pawns on the second file and giving each player a pawn in hand. Black's rook is positioned on 24 square. From this position, Black may capture White's side pawn on 34 in subsequent moves leading directly into

1520-408: The typical response to a moderately sound gambit is to accept the material and give the material back at an advantageous time. For gambits that are less sound, the accepting player is more likely to try to hold on to their extra material. A rule of thumb often found in various primers on chess suggests that a player should get three moves (see tempo ) of development for a sacrificed pawn, but it

1560-571: Was put forward is Black's so-called side pawn (横の歩 yoko no fu ). It is termed side since White's rook may capture this pawn from the eighth file (when positioned on the 86 square) by moving sideways to the seventh file (that is, R86x76). 1... P-34. White responds by opening their bishop diagonal as well. This is White's side pawn. The Side Pawn opening is typically started with both players attacking each other's bishop (although transpositions with later moves are possible). 2. P-26 P-84. Both players give an early indication of choosing

1600-466: Was the older preferred option. (See following § ☖P-23 .) However, White's 23 pawn drop move may also lead to a Double Wing Attack opening. 6...P*23. White drops their pawn in hand on the 23 square attacking Black's rook – a striking pawn tactic. Next, Black will capture White's side pawn (7. Rx34) for this Side Pawn Capture variation. However, it is possible that Black could pull their rook back to 26 (Floating Rook) or 28 (Retreating Rook) for

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