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44-511: The pond is about 300 metres long with an earth dam about 8 m high. Material for the construction of the dam came from a quarry on the west bank immediately next to the embankment. Today the reservoir is located in the middle of the Harz National Park and is managed by the park authorities. A path runs along the eastern shore, in places along the water's edge. Otherwise paths have been kept some distance away in order to create

88-498: A male lynx was brought down at Lautenthal . The so-called Lynx Stone recalls the success of that particular hunt. In 1999 it was decided to reintroduce the lynx. Between 2000 and 2004 alone, 19 were released from zoo breeding programmes. Before their release the animals are prepared in a large enclosure in order to acclimatized them to freedom. In addition there is a viewing enclosure near the National Park forest restaurant on

132-488: A quiet zone for flora and fauna. The reservoir was laid out in 1755, but even during its construction the height of the embankments was raised twice. It was designed was based on that of the 'new type' ( neuer Bauart ) of Upper Harz Pond with a watertight seal of grass sods. The surrounding embankments were initially too steep and had to be remodelled several times; apparently when the embankments were raised in height, their feet were not increased accordingly. The Silberteich

176-536: Is assumed that the wild cat in the Harz has a stable population. It is widespread throughout the region, preferring those areas which are warmer, richer, more varied and better supplied with nutrients (lower lying deciduous forest with greater food availability). In addition to lynx and wild cat, red deer and roe deer are also important species in the Harz National Park. The most common invasive species

220-405: Is not achieved the region can be classified as a so-called developing national park, if it is assessed as fulfilling these conditions within 30 years. The Harz National Park counts as a developing national park. Currently 60,3 per cent of the area of the park is designated as a natural biodiversity or core zone. The aim is to cross the 75 per cent threshold by 2020. 38,5 per cent of

264-786: Is part of the Natura 2000 network of the European Union . In its current form, the park was created on January 1, 2006, by the merger of the Harz National Park in Lower Saxony, established in 1994, and the Upper Harz National Park in Saxony-Anhalt, established in 1990. As the former inner German border ran through the Harz, large parts of the range were prohibited areas, that apart from the fortifications had remained completely unaffected for decades. Today

308-512: Is the raccoon , but occasionally the raccoon dog also occurs. The mouflon , which was in the 1930s located in different districts of the Harz for hunting reasons, is also found in the park. Recently, the Harz National Park has suffered from bark beetle outbreaks as well as acid rain and other environmental problems. The bark beetle is on the rise here due to climate change and global warming. Since 2006, there has been increased bark beetle gradation. Hurricane Kyrill also caused severe damage in

352-551: The Brunnenbach Mill , forming a barrier of trees and branches they had brought down with them. The swollen waters looked for a new way out and swept the mill away. The reason for this accident, which took places just five years after the reservoir was completed, was that the spillway was too small and had become choked with ice floes. Following its rebuilding in 1763, the Silberteich was also known until about 1900 as

396-713: The Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway as early as 1840. In 1856 the Brunswick–Kreiensen railway via Seesen was built and, in 1866, the Vienenburg–Goslar railway followed; both branching off the original line. In 1875, the Hildesheim–Goslar railway and the former Halberstadt–Vienenburg railway (to 1945, today it has a new route along the Heudeber-Danstedt–Vienenburg railway ) formed part of

440-586: The National Park authorities , so that the journey today requires a detour of more than double the length. From 1–5 February 1760 there was heavy rainfall in the Harz , apparently accompanied by a rapid thaw. During the night of 4/5 February water poured over the recently built dam. The dam broke along a length of 30 metres and floodwaters poured into the Brunnenbach valley. The waters built up in front of

484-614: The Neue Teich ('New Pond'). Harz National Park Harz National Park is a nature reserve in the German federal states of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt . It comprises portions of the western Harz mountain range, extending from Herzberg and Bad Lauterberg at the southern edge to Bad Harzburg and Ilsenburg on the northern slopes. 95% of the area is covered with forests, mainly with spruce and beech woods, including several bogs , granite rocks and creeks. The park

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528-881: The Oder Dam on the southeastern edge of the park. Other dams and lakes within or bordering on the national park include the Ecker Dam and the Silberteich . The highest elevations are the Brocken , the Bruchberg and the Achtermann . The present, pan-state Nationalpark Harz was formed on 1 January 2006 from the merger of the old park of the same name in Lower Saxony and the High Harz National Park ( Nationalpark Hochharz ) in Saxony-Anhalt. Since

572-485: The Rabenklippe where the shy cats can also be observed by visitors to the park. Since 2002, there have been several instances of kittens born in the wild. In March, a male lynx was fitted with a GPS transmitter, so precise details can now be obtained about the range of an animal. The project team receives information via SMS from the transmitter. Another reintroduction project was the capercaillie, which died out in

616-439: The western capercaillie ( Auerhuhn ) however did not succeed. The 24,700 hectares of the Harz National Park cover about 10 percent of the total area of the Harz . The park lies in the western part of the Harz (see Upper Harz ) and stretches from Wernigerode and Ilsenburg in the north to Herzberg and Bad Lauterberg in the south. Near its perimeter the park terrain is about 230 m above  sea level (NN) in

660-521: The Brocken summit or mountain meadows. Here conservation measures will also be applied in future. Furthermore, within a 500 metre wide strip on the edge of the national park, measures are being put into effect that will protect the adjacent areas. Goslar (district) Goslar ( German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔslaʁ] ) is a district in Lower Saxony , Germany . It is bounded by (from

704-517: The European umbrella organisation EUROPARC Federation, a federation of national parks, biosphere reserves and nature parks . It concerns itself inter alia with the exchange of information, ustausch, advanced education and public relations. The German section, EUROPARC Deutschland, of this umbrella organisation has also organised the merger of many large conservation areas in Germany. In 2005

748-474: The Harz National Park. In the sub-alpine area above 1050 metres is the " battle zone " of the spruce tree. Here it is not uncommon to find trees over 250 years old and bent into bizarre shapes by the wind. But predominant here are the dwarf shrub heaths and raised bogs ( Hochmoore ). The altimontane vegetation zone is found between 750 m above  sea level (NN) and 1,050 m above NN , dominated by spruce. These areas can be found in

792-482: The Harz in 1920–1930. Its reintroduction began in 1978. Over the years about 1,000 birds have been reared and set free. In spite of the number of birds the population was not assessed as stable. Due to the lack of success, the project was closed in 2003. The Harz is now one of Germany's most important habitats for the wild cat . It is classified in the Federal Republic of Germany as seriously endangered. It

836-521: The concept of reforestation with fast-growing spruce trees. This led to the now widespread spruce monocultures. Unlike "Harz pine", the pines introduced from other regions cope less well with snow and ice conditions in the Harz and are thus more prone to bark beetle infestation. Currently 82 percent of the forest consists of spruce stands. Only 12 percent of the trees are beeches. The remaining 6 percent are species such as oak , rowan or birch (as at December 2007). There are various vegetation zones in

880-466: The contours of the hill. This was probably dug to be able to divert water past the reservoir during times of flooding. The Sankt Andreasberg trail ( Sankt Andreasberger Fußstieg ), which used to be the shortest route between Braunlage and Sankt Andreasberg, runs along the dam crest. Meanwhile, the direct path from the forest pub of Rinderstall on the Oder up to the Silberteich has been largely destroyed by

924-527: The district until 1972, when it was eventually incorporated into the district. Langelsheim merged 1 November 2021 with the three municipalities of the Samtgemeinde Lutter am Barenberge, which was abolished. The region comprises the northwestern part of the Harz mountains. The Harz National Park is part of this district. The highest peak is the Wurmberg (971 m) near Braunlage , also being

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968-455: The early Middle Ages. The district of Goslar consists of the following towns and municipalities: Several federal highways cross the rural district of Goslar. These include the B ;4 , B 6 , B 6n , B 82 , B 241 , B 242 and B 498 . The district roads ( Kreisstraßen ) are: The territory of the present rural district was joined to the railway network via

1012-456: The eastern park from 1995 until its merger with the Harz National Park in the western Harz on 1 January 2006. The Lower Saxon part of the park was opened on 1 January 1994 after four years of preparation. Its founding father was Dr. Wolf-Eberhard Barth. Although a combined national park project was discussed soon after reunification by both states it was another twelve years before the parks were merged. The Harz National Park belongs to

1056-463: The highest elevation of Lower Saxony. Above the small town of Altenau there is the source of the Oker river, which runs through the picturesque Oker valley to leave the Harz at Vienenburg. The eagle is the heraldic animal of the city of Goslar, while the lion symbolises the municipality of Schladen . Schladen is not part of the district, but the lords of Schladen ruled over major parts of the district in

1100-538: The link from Hanover via the North Harz to Halle (Saale) . Later the lines from Seesen to Herzberg , Seesen to Goslar and Goslar to Bad Harzburg were added. The railway line via Clausthal-Zellerfeld to Altenau ( Innerste Valley Railway ) and the railway branches to Braunlage ( South Harz Railway ) and St. Andreasberg ( Oder Valley Railway ) have since been dismantled. Even the Derneburg–Seesen branch line

1144-487: The low calorific value of peat and the weather conditions in the High Harz. The bogs in the Harz are of international significance by virtue of their distinctiveness and flora. The lynx now lives wild again in the Harz, having been eradicated from the mountains since the early 19th century. The last report of a successful lynx hunt in the Harz dates to 1818. In an eleven-day hunt, in which almost 200 people took part,

1188-438: The maintenance of information posts and national park buildings. (as at: 31 December 2007) The natural forests of the High Harz consist mainly of Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) and rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ); deciduous trees only dominate below 600 m above  sea level (NN) . Since the Harz was partly deforested in the 19th century by ore mining, the count's head forester, Hans Dietrich von Zanthier, developed

1232-461: The merger the head of this major nature conservation area has been Andreas Pusch. The Upper Harz National Park was established as part of GDR 's national park programme on 1 October 1990, two days before the reunification of Germany , on the basis of a ministerial decision by the East German government. The park included large parts of the eastern Harz , roughly from the Ecker Dam and

1276-483: The mid-1980s the first problems appeared in the Harz, such as bark beetle and fungal infestation. In the wake of the spirit of optimism during the time around reunification it was exactly this that gave impetus for the establishment of the national park. On 1 January 1991 a national park headquarters in Wernigerode was set up under the leadership of Hubertus Hlawatsch. Hlawatsch's successor was Peter Gaffert, who ran

1320-581: The national park municipality of Ilsenburg in the north and Schierke in the south as well as the Brocken . The region is characterised by a relatively undisturbed plant and animal environment, which is mainly due to its location immediately next to the old Inner German Border . In the German Democratic Republic era, the Brocken was accessible until 1961 with an easily obtained pass. From 13 August 1961 it became an out-of-bounds area, which meant that tourists could no longer visit it. In

1364-500: The national park this area has shrunk to just a few residual stands and has been largely replaced by spruce. In the region of Ilsenburg spruce monoculture occurs even down to 230 m above NN . In these zones the spruce is not native and, as a result of climate change , it has suffered increasingly from bark beetle infestation. Currently the National Park Service is having these areas reforested to encourage

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1408-654: The national park was included in the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas. Currently the national park employs 188 staff, of which 59 work in the national park head office in Wernigerode or its outpost in Sankt Andreasberg OT Oderhaus. The 40 employees of the national park warden service, who are also known as rangers, conduct guided tours and look after tasks in connexion with environmental training, include

1452-660: The north and 270 m above NN in the south and climbs to 1,141.1 m above NN at the summit of the Brocken. Several rivers have their sources in the national park, including the Bode , the Oder and the Ilse , a tributary of the Oker . The waters of the Oder, flowing southwards, are collected in the historic Oderteich reservoir, finished in 1722 to supply the mines in Sankt Andreasberg , and feed

1496-410: The original beech and maple, that used to dominate them, to resettle. The Harz is home to the Brocken anemone ( Pulsatilla alpina subsp. alba ), which grows in Germany only on the plateau of the Brocken. Its survival has however been especially endangered since German reunification by the onset of tourism. The Brocken Garden , a botanical garden on the summit of the Brocken, deals mainly with

1540-408: The park area is currently still a nature development zone. Here measures in lines with the forest development concept are carried out. The aim is to transfer the largest possible area of this natural development zone into the natural biodiversity zone. A proportion of the park counts as a utilisation zone. This covers areas that are important for tourism or are historico-culturally significant, such as

1584-605: The park covers parts of the districts of Goslar , Göttingen and Harz . Rare animals of the Harz National Park include the white-throated dipper , the black stork , peregrine falcon , the European wildcat and especially the Eurasian lynx . The last lynx in the Harz Mountains had been shot in 1818, but in 1999 a project for reintroducing was established. Since 2002 several wild lynxes gave birth. An attempt to return

1628-505: The park turned out to be unfounded. The Harz National Park is recognised by the IUCN (World Conservation Union) as a national park (a Category II protected area in the IUCN system). To achieve that, according to the rules, at least 75 per cent of the area must be set aside as a natural biodiversity zone (core zone). In this zone nature must be left completely to itself. If this proportion

1672-439: The protection of plant species and restoration of the summit area. Especially valuable for nature conservation, are the raised bogs formed by the restoration of former marshland. The conditions are favorable for this, as the bogs in the park are less impacted by human use than the bogs of the Lower Saxony plain. When wood became scarce in the Harz, the locals tried to take advantage of the peat bogs. This proved unprofitable due to

1716-418: The region. Stands of trees, especially spruce, were torn down over wide areas. The National Park management came under fire from the local communities as a result of the bark beetle measures that were subsequently needed. In particular, the National Park community at Ilsenburg criticized the use of technology (e.g. harvesters ). Because of the inaccessibility of the terrain there was really no other way to haul

1760-507: The site of the present-day Waldmühle . Originally the reservoir was called the Andreasberger Teich or Brunnenbacher Teich , where Teich means 'pond'. Its present name (which means 'Silver Pond') was chosen quite recently to make it more attractive as a tourist destination. When walking along the footpath that grazes the eastern shore, the experienced eye will notice that this path is an old 'leat' ( Hanggraben ) that follows

1804-463: The south and clockwise) the districts of Göttingen , Northeim , Hildesheim and Wolfenbüttel , the city of Salzgitter , and by the states of Saxony-Anhalt (district of Harz ) and Thuringia ( Nordhausen ). The history of the district is linked with the city of Goslar . The district of Goslar was established in the 19th century by the Prussian government. The city of Goslar did not belong to

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1848-484: The vicinity of Schierke and Torfhaus . Not until the montane zone between 450 m above NN and 750 m above NN and the submontane zone is the vegetation dominated by beech forests. Today's beech stands grow primarily on acidic soil. The most commonly encountered forest type is the Hainsimsen beech forest. At heights above 700 m it is usually adjacent to spruce-beech mixed woodland. But in

1892-446: The wind blown tree trunks from the affected areas. In the so-called natural development zone of the Harz National Park, which surrounds the core area, bark beetle measures are taken where necessary, and plantations are established where in order to encourage the natural development of the forest. To protect these beech and oak groves, national park wildlife management is required. Accusations that private or state hunts had taken place in

1936-549: Was probably built to supply the ore mines to the southwest with water power . This was the Hoffnungsbergbau ("Mine of Hope") which was heavily financed by the mining authorities but which had to be finally closes around 1780 due to a lack of profitability. The Silberteich then found a new use supplying power to the Braunlage Blue Glass Factory ( Braunlager Blaufarbenwerk ), which was built on

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