41-913: Silk City may refer to: India [ edit ] Dharmavaram, Anantapur district , Andhra Pradesh Ramanagara, Karnataka Surat , Gujarat Chanderi , M.P. Bhagalpur , Bihar Bhoodan Pochampally , Telangana Berhampur or Brahmapur, Odisha Muddenahalli , Karnataka Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu Arani, Tiruvannamalai District , Tamil Nadu Salem, Tamil Nadu Mubarakpur, Azamghar , Uttar Pradesh Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh Bangladesh [ edit ] Rajshahi Kuwait [ edit ] Madinat al-Hareer (Silk City in Arabic) United States [ edit ] Manchester, Connecticut Paterson, New Jersey Other uses [ edit ] Silk City (duo) , British-American supergroup-duo Silk City Diners ,
82-523: A chain of American of diners from 1926–1966 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Silk City . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silk_City&oldid=1172797707 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
123-498: A legend indicates the discovery of the silkworm's silk was by an ancient empress named Leizu , the wife of the Yellow Emperor , also known as Xi Lingshi. She was drinking tea under a tree when a silk cocoon fell into her tea. As she picked it out and started to wrap the silk thread around her finger, she slowly felt a warm sensation. When the silk ran out, she saw a small larva. In an instant, she realized this caterpillar larva
164-523: A location in Andhra Pradesh is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bombyx mori Bombyx mori , commonly known as the domestic silk moth , is a moth species belonging to the family Bombycidae . It is the closest relative of Bombyx mandarina , the wild silk moth. Silkworms are the larvae of silk moths. The silkworm is of particular economic value, being a primary producer of silk . The silkworm's preferred food are
205-526: A mate, and it lacks fear of potential predators. The native color pigments have also been lost, so the domestic silk moths are leucistic , since camouflage is not useful when they only live in captivity. These changes have made B. mori entirely dependent upon humans for survival, and it does not exist in the wild. The eggs are kept in incubators to aid in their hatching. Silkworms were first domesticated in China more than 5,000 years ago. Silkworm breeding
246-453: A number of days. Silkworms have been used in antibiotic discovery, as they have several advantageous traits compared to other invertebrate models. Antibiotics such as lysocin E , a non-ribosomal peptide synthesized by Lysobacter sp. RH2180-5 and GPI0363 are among the notable antibiotics discovered using silkworms. In addition, antibiotics with appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were selected that correlated with therapeutic activity in
287-450: A science project. Students have a chance to observe complete life cycles of insects from eggs to larvae to pupae to moths. The domestic silk moth has been raised as a hobby in countries such as China, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Iran. Children often pass on the eggs to the next generation, creating a non-commercial population. The experience provides children with the opportunity to witness the life cycle of silk moths. The full genome of
328-532: A season, and they are generally found in and around Europe. Univoltine eggs must hibernate through the winter, ultimately cross-fertilizing in spring. Bivoltine varieties are normally found in East Asia, and their accelerated breeding process is made possible by slightly warmer climates. In addition, there are polyvoltine silkworms found only in the tropics. Their eggs typically hatch within 9 to 12 days, meaning there can be up to eight generations of larvae throughout
369-440: A silkworm that is genetically altered to produce spider silk. In September 2010, the effort was announced as successful. Researchers at Tufts developed scaffolds made of spongy silk that feel and look similar to human tissue. They are implanted during reconstructive surgery to support or restructure damaged ligaments, tendons, and other tissue. They also created implants made of silk and drug compounds which can be implanted under
410-485: Is aimed at the overall improvement of silkworms from a commercial point of view. The major objectives are improving fecundity , the health of larvae, quantity of cocoon and silk production, and disease resistance. Healthy larvae lead to a healthy cocoon crop. Health is dependent on factors such as better pupation rate, fewer dead larvae in the mountage, shorter larval duration (this lessens the chance of infection) and bluish-tinged fifth-instar larvae (which are healthier than
451-500: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dharmavaram, Anantapur district Dharmavaram is a city in Sri Sathya Sai District of the Andhra Pradesh state of Indian country . It is mandal and divisional headquarters of Dharmavaram mandal and Dharmavaram revenue division respectively. The city is known for its handloom silk sarees . The city
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#1732773236487492-443: Is harvested. The moth is the adult phase of the silk worm's life cycle. Silk moths have a wingspan of 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) and a white, hairy body. Females are about two to three times bulkier than males (due to carrying many eggs). All adult Bombycidae moths have reduced mouthparts and do not feed. The wings of the silk moth develop from larval imaginal disks . The moth is not capable of functional flight, in contrast to
533-436: Is renowned for cotton , silk weaving industries and leather puppets . The city is called as Silk city of Andhra Pradesh . Dharmavaram is famous for Handloom Weavers , Saree Designs, Jacquard designs , Silk Extraction from Silkworm Cacoons, Dyeing and it is fully populated by maximum weavers and by developing technology makes changes by producing various types of machine equipment emerging for weavers to weave quickly than
574-474: The ahimsa philosophy "not to hurt any living thing". This led to Gandhi's promotion of cotton spinning machines, an example of which can be seen at the Gandhi Institute, and an extension of this principle has led to the modern production practice known as Ahimsa silk , which is wild silk (from wild and semiwild silk moths) made from the cocoons of moths that are allowed to emerge before the silk
615-536: The Guntakal–Bangalore section and the Dharmavaram–Pakala branch line . There are two trains starting from this station to Vijayawada and Machilipatnam The primary and secondary school education is imparted by the government, aided and private schools School Education Department of the state. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English , Telugu, Urdu . This article about
656-623: The Neolithic period. Before then, the tools to manufacture quantities of silk thread had not been developed. The domesticated Bombyx mori and the wild Bombyx mandarina can still breed and sometimes produce hybrids. It is unknown if B. mori can hybridize with other Bombyx species. Compared to most members in the genus Bombyx , domestic silk moths have lost their coloration as well as their ability to fly. Mulberry silkworms can be divided into three major categories based on seasonal brood frequency. Univoltine silkworms produce only one brood
697-424: The leaves of white mulberry , though they may eat other species of mulberry, and even leaves of other plants like the osage orange . Domestic silk moths are entirely dependent on humans for reproduction, as a result of millennia of selective breeding. Wild silk moths, which are other species of Bombyx , are not as commercially viable in the production of silk. Sericulture , the practice of breeding silkworms for
738-451: The animal survives through the pupal phase of its life cycle, it releases proteolytic enzymes to make a hole in the cocoon so it can emerge as an adult moth. These enzymes are destructive to the silk and can cause the silk fibers to break down from over a mile in length to segments of random length, which reduces the value of the silk threads , although these damaged silk cocoons are still used as "stuffing" available in China and elsewhere in
779-850: The cocoon, which provides a layer of protection during the vulnerable, almost motionless pupal state. Many other Lepidoptera produce cocoons, but only a few — the Bombycidae, in particular the genus Bombyx , and the Saturniidae , in particular the genus Antheraea — have been exploited for fabric production. The cocoon is made of a thread of raw silk from 300 to about 900 metres (980 to about 3,000 ft) long. The fibers are fine and lustrous, about 10 μm (0.0004 in) in diameter. About 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are required to make one pound (0.45 kg). At least 70 million lb (32 million kg) of raw silk are produced each year, requiring nearly 10 billion cocoons. If
820-433: The commissioner is V. Mallikarjun. Dharmavaram is a hub for pure silk sarees. The economy of the town is dependent on the weaving industry. Farmers depend on rainwater due to lack of water resources. A major crop in this area is ground nuts. The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Dharmavaram bus station. Dharmavaram Junction railway station is a major railway station located on
861-621: The domestic silk moth was published in 2008 by the International Silkworm Genome Consortium. Draft sequences were published in 2004. The genome of the domestic silk moth is mid-range with a genome size around 432 million base pairs. A notable feature is that 43.6% of the genome are repetitive sequences , most of which are transposable elements. At least 3,000 silkworm genes are unique, and have no homologous equivalents in other genomes. The silkworm's ability to produce large amounts of silk correlates with
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#1732773236487902-400: The first century AD. About AD 550, Christian monks are said to have smuggled silkworms hidden in a hollow stick out of China, selling the secret to the eastern Romans. According to a Vietnamese folk tale, silkworms were originally a beautiful housemaid running away from her gruesome masters and living in the mountain, where she was protected by the mountain god. One day, a lecherous god from
943-461: The heaven came down to Earth to seduce women. When he saw her, he tried to rape her but she was able to escape and was hidden by the mountain god. The lecherous god then tried to find and capture her by setting a net trap around the mountain. With the blessing of Guanyin , the girl was able to safely swallow that net into her stomach. Finally, the evil god summons his fellow thunder and rain gods to attack and burn away her clothes, forcing her to hide in
984-409: The larval phase of the silkworms emerge white, naked, and with little horns on their backs. After they have molted four times, their bodies become slightly yellow, and the skin becomes tighter. The larvae then prepare to enter the pupal phase of their life cycle, and enclose themselves in a cocoon made up of raw silk produced by the salivary glands . The final molt from larva to pupa takes place within
1025-421: The national average of 73.00%. Dharmavaram Municipality was formed on 1 April 1964 as a Grade–III municipality. It is upgraded to Selection Grade and has a jurisdictional area of 42.50 km (16.41 sq mi) with 40 election wards. Each ward is represented by a ward member and the ward committee is headed by a chairperson. The present chairperson of the municipality is Beere Gopala Krishna and
1066-475: The oocytes of B. mori , meiosis is completely achiasmate (lacking crossovers). Even though synaptonemal complexes are formed during the pachytene stage of meiosis in B. mori , crossing-over homologous recombination does not occur between the paired chromosomes . Kraig Biocraft Laboratories has used research from the Universities of Wyoming and Notre Dame in a collaborative effort to create
1107-447: The past decades and quality production was happening now and the production was famous for Sarees. Dharmavaram tank was constructed by Kriyasakthi Odeyar. The name of the city was derived from the name of his mother, Dharmamba . Dharmavaram is located at 14°26′N 77°43′E / 14.43°N 77.72°E / 14.43; 77.72 . It has an average elevation of 345 metres (1131 feet). As of 2011 census ,
1148-590: The presence of specific tRNA clusters, as well as some clustered sericin genes. Additionally, the silkworm's ability to consume toxic mulberry leaves is linked to specialized sucrase genes, which appear to have been acquired from bacterial genes. In 2018, Illumina 's short reads for 137 strain genomes were published. In 2022, Nanopore 's long reads for 545 strain genomes were published. Silk moth pupae are edible insects and are eaten in some cultures : Silkworms have also been proposed for cultivation by astronauts as space food on long-term missions. In China,
1189-424: The production of duvets , jackets, and other purposes. To prevent this, silkworm cocoons are boiled in water. The heat kills the silkworms, and the water makes the cocoons easier to unravel. Often, the silkworm is eaten. As the process of harvesting the silk from the cocoon kills the pupa, sericulture has been criticized by animal welfare and rights activists. Mahatma Gandhi was critical of silk production based on
1230-618: The production of raw silk, has existed for at least 5,000 years in China, whence it spread to India, Korea, Nepal, Japan, and then the West. The conventional process of sericulture kills the silkworm in the pupal stage. The domestic silk moth was domesticated from the wild silk moth Bombyx mandarina , which has a range from northern India to northern China, Korea, Japan, and the far eastern regions of Russia. The domestic silk moth derives from Chinese rather than Japanese or Korean stock. Silk moths were unlikely to have been domestically bred before
1271-405: The reddish-brown ones). Quantity of cocoon and silk produced are directly related to the pupation rate and larval weight. Healthier larvae have greater pupation rates and cocoon weights. Quality of cocoon and silk depends on a number of factors, including genetics. In the U.S., teachers may sometimes introduce the insect life cycle to their students by raising domestic silk moths in the classroom as
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1312-421: The role of YjbH in virulence and oxidative stress tolerance in vivo. The domestic species B. mori , compared to the wild species (e.g., B. mandarina ), has increased cocoon size, body size, growth rate, and efficiency of its digestion. It has gained tolerance to human presence and handling, and also to living in crowded conditions. The domestic silk moths cannot fly, so the males need human assistance in finding
1353-461: The silk industry is silkworms that can feed on food other than mulberry leaves, including an artificial diet. Research on the genome also raises the possibility of genetically engineering silkworms to produce proteins, including pharmacological drugs, in the place of silk proteins. Bombyx mori females are also one of the few organisms with homologous chromosomes held together only by the synaptonemal complex (and not crossovers) during meiosis . In
1394-410: The silkworm infection model. Silkworms have also been used for the identification of novel virulence factors of pathogenic microorganisms. A first large-scale screening using transposon mutant library of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strain was performed which identified 8 new genes with roles in full virulence of S. aureus . Another study by the same team of researchers revealed, for the first time,
1435-494: The skin for steady and gradual time release of medications. Researchers at the MIT Media Lab experimented with silkworms to see what they would weave when left on surfaces with different curvatures. They found that on particularly straight webs of lines, the silkworms would connect neighboring lines with silk, weaving directly onto the given shape. Using this knowledge they built a silk pavilion with 6,500 silkworms over
1476-426: The thoracic legs at different ages of the larva resulted in the adult silk moth not developing the corresponding adult leg segments. Due to its small size and ease of culture, the silkworm has become a model organism in the study of lepidopteran and general arthropod biology. Fundamental findings on genetics, pheromones, hormones, brain structures, and physiology have been made with the silkworm. One example of this
1517-448: The town had a population of 121,874. The total population constitute, 62,250 males, 59,624 females –a sex ratio of 958 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. 12,730 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 6,834 are boys and 5,896 are girls—a sex ratio of 863 girls per 1000 boys. The average literacy rate stands at 71.07% with 77,564 literates, 44,055 male and 33,509 female, slightly lower than
1558-470: The wild B. mandarina and other Bombyx species, whose males fly to meet females. Some may emerge with the ability to lift off and stay airborne, but sustained flight cannot be achieved as their bodies are too big and heavy for their small wings. The legs of the silk moth develop from the silkworm's larval (thoracic) legs. Developmental genes like Distalless and extradenticle have been used to mark leg development. In addition, removing specific segments of
1599-457: The year. Eggs take about 14 days to hatch into larvae, which eat continuously. They have a preference for white mulberry , having an attraction to the mulberry odorant cis-jasmone . They are not monophagous , since they can eat other species of Morus , as well as some other Moraceae , mostly Osage orange . They are covered with tiny black hairs. When the color of their heads turns darker, it indicates they are about to molt . After molting,
1640-515: Was the molecular identification of the first known pheromone, bombykol , which required extracts from 500,000 individuals, due to the small quantities of pheromone produced by any individual silkworm. Many research works have focused on the genetics of silkworms and the possibility of genetic engineering. Many hundreds of strains are maintained, and over 400 Mendelian mutations have been described. Another source suggests 1,000 inbred domesticated strains are kept worldwide. One useful development for
1681-400: Was the source of the silk. She taught this to the people and it became widespread. Many more legends about the silkworm are told. The Chinese guarded their knowledge of silk, but, according to one story, a Chinese princess given in marriage to a Khotan prince brought to the oasis the secret of silk manufacture, "hiding silkworms in her hair as part of her dowry", probably in the first half of