High technology ( high tech or high-tech ), also known as advanced technology ( advanced tech ) or exotechnology , is technology that is at the cutting edge : the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest technology on the market. The opposite of high tech is low technology , referring to simple, often traditional or mechanical technology; for example, a slide rule is a low-tech calculating device. When high tech becomes old, it becomes low tech, for example vacuum tube electronics. Further, high tech is related to the concept of mid-tech, that is a balance between the two opposite extreme qualities of low-tech and high tech. Mid-tech could be understood as an inclusive middle that combines the efficiency and versatility of digital/automated technology with low-tech's potential for autonomy and resilience.
11-777: Silicon Fen or the Cambridge Cluster is a collective name given to high tech businesses focused on software , electronics , and biotechnology , including Arm and AstraZeneca , in and around the city of Cambridge in England. The name Silicon Fen originated as an analogy with Silicon Valley in California because Cambridge lies at the southern tip of the Fens . The local growth in technology companies started with Sinclair Research and Acorn Computers . More than 1,000 high-technology companies established offices in
22-600: A high-technology centre, which has meant that commercial rents were generally lower than in other parts of the UK and thus giving companies a head-start on those situated in other more expensive regions. However, the recent technology boom has changed the situation and Cambridgeshire now ranks as one of the highest costs of living in the UK outside London, which is home to an even bigger technology centre. High tech Startups working on high technologies (or developing new high technologies) are sometimes referred to as deep tech ;
33-727: A town that previously had only light industry in the electrical sector , is usually dated to the founding of the Cambridge Science Park in 1970 as an initiative of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge . The characteristic of Cambridge is small companies in sectors such as computer-aided design . They are spread over an area defined by the CB postcode or 01223 telephone area code , or more generously in an area bounded by Ely , Newmarket , Saffron Walden , Royston , and Huntingdon . In 2000, then Chancellor of
44-487: Is a significant part of several economies. The Israeli economy has the highest ratio in the world, with the high tech sector accounting for 20% of the economy. High tech makes up 9.3% of the American economy according to Statista and CTech . Multiple cities and hubs have been described as global startup ecosystems . GSER publishes a yearly ranking of global startup ecosystems. The study does yearly reports ranking
55-622: Is an organization facilitating networking in the area. Other possible factors include a high standard of living available in the county, and good transport links, for example to London and with Cambridge Airport having a full service business jet centre. Many graduates from the university choose to stay on in the area, giving local companies a rich pool of talent to draw upon. The high-technology industry has little by way of competition, unlike say in Oxfordshire where many other competing industries exist. Cambridgeshire has only recently become
66-543: The Exchequer Gordon Brown set up a research partnership between MIT and Cambridge University, the Cambridge–MIT Institute , in order to increase international collaboration between the two universities and strengthen the economic success of Silicon Fen. In February 2006, Cambridge Judge Business School reported estimates that there were approximately 250 active start-ups directly linked to
77-606: The area during the five years preceding 1998. Some early successful businesses were Advanced RISC Machines and Cambridge Display Technology . In 2004, 24% of all UK venture capital , representing 8% of all venture capital in the European Union , was received by Silicon Fen companies, according to the Cambridge Cluster Report 2004 produced by Library House and Grant Thornton . The so-called Cambridge phenomenon, which gave rise to start-up companies in
88-499: The business and academic membership organisation dedicated to the long-term growth of the city and its region, reported in 2015–16, that growth of Cambridge companies was approximately 7% over one, three, and five-year durations. Global turnover of Cambridge companies increased by 7.6% to £35.7bn, up from £33bn the previous year, and global employment grew by 7.6% to 210,292. The number of companies headquartered within 20 miles of Cambridge grew from 22,017 to 24,580. The Cambridge Network
99-607: The term in a financial column in 1969, saying Arthur H. Collins of Collins Radio "controls a score of high technology patents in a variety of fields" and in a 1971 article used the abbreviated form, "high tech". A widely used classification of high-technological manufacturing industries was provided by the OECD in 2006. It is based on the intensity of research and development activities used in these industries within OECD countries, resulting in four distinct categories. Today, high tech
110-410: The term may also refer to disruptive innovations or those based on scientific discoveries. High tech, as opposed to high-touch , may refer to self-service experiences that do not require human interaction. The phrase was used in a 1958 The New York Times story advocating " atomic energy " for Europe: "... Western Europe, with its dense population and its high technology ...." Robert Metz used
121-488: The university, valued at roughly US$ 6 billion. Several of these companies have grown into multinationals , including Arm , Autonomy Corporation , AVEVA , and Cambridge Silicon Radio . In 2012, it was reported that strong employment growth in the Silicon Fen hub was hampered due to its significant concentration on research and development , which was limiting competition in manufacturing and costs. Cambridge Ahead,
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