75-539: Siloam Springs is a city in Benton County , Arkansas , United States, and located on the western edge of the Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area . As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 17,287. The community was founded in 1882 and was characterized by the purported healing powers of the spring water feeding Sager Creek and trading with nearby Native American tribes. The city shares
150-535: A border on the Arkansas– Oklahoma state line with the city of West Siloam Springs, Oklahoma , which is within the Cherokee Nation territory. It is home of John Brown University . Osage Indians were the known first inhabitants of the area. Siloam Springs' first white settlers were of German and Scots-Irish origin. Simon Sager is considered the founder of the town, then known as Hico. In 2012,
225-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data
300-522: A county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city
375-479: A female householder with no husband present, and 25.30% were non-families. 21.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.01. In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.60% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 29.40% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
450-462: A female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.11. Income for a household in the city was $ 34,513, and the median income for a family was $ 41,153. Males had a median income of $ 27,339 versus $ 21,451 for females. The per capita income for
525-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,
600-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire
675-616: A social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with
750-441: A year, with 2.2 nights per year dropping below 0 °F (−17.8 °C). The city's highest temperature was 111 °F (43.9 °C), recorded on July 14, 1954. The lowest temperature recorded was −24 °F (−31.1 °C), on February 12, 1899. Precipitation is weakly seasonal, with a bimodal pattern: wet seasons in the spring and fall, and relatively drier summers and winters, but some rain in all months. The spring wet season
825-595: Is divided into five watersheds. The eastern part of the county is drained by the White River , which includes Beaver Lake . Major tributaries include War Eagle Creek , Little Clifty Creek, Spider Creek, Indian Creek, Prairie Creek and Esculapia Creek. Northern Benton County is within the Elk River watershed; the northeast corner is drained by tributaries to Big Sugar Creek ; north central Benton County drains to Little Sugar Creek . The southwest part of Benton County
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#1732772629280900-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,
975-513: Is more pronounced than fall, with the highest rainfall in May. This differs slightly from the climate in central Arkansas, where the fall wet season is more comparable to spring. As per the 2020 United States Census , there were 17,287 people, 5,382 households, and 3,980 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 15,039 people in 5,138 households with 93.3% of the population in households. The racial and ethnic composition of
1050-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of
1125-651: Is supported by the Siloam Springs School District consisting of: Siloam Springs traffic is primarily served by US 412 for east–west travel, connecting the city to Tulsa, Oklahoma , to the west via the Cherokee Turnpike and to Bentonville , Fayetteville , and Springdale, Arkansas , to the east. US 59 runs south from West Siloam Springs to Stilwell and Sallisaw, Oklahoma , while Arkansas 59 runs north to Gravette and south to Van Buren and Fort Smith, Arkansas . Within
1200-674: Is surrounded by Barry County, Missouri and McDonald County, Missouri to the north, Delaware County, Oklahoma and Adair County, Oklahoma to the west, Carroll County to the east, and the other two counties of the NWA metropolitan area: Madison County to the east, and Washington County to the south. The highest point in Benton County is near the Lost Bridge Village Community Center on Whitney Mountain (formerly known as Poor Mountain). Benton County
1275-533: Is the highest in Arkansas and slightly above the national median. Prior to white settlement of the county, the region was used by roving bands of Osage and Delaware who used the area for seasonal hunting grounds. Initial white settlement on Benton County took place around Maysville around 1830, followed by areas around Garfield , Cross Hollow , and Centerton . Settlers were predominantly from Tennessee , followed by Southern Piedmont states. Benton County
1350-444: Is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of 89.1 °F (31.7 °C) and an average low of 68.6 °F (20.3 °C). Temperatures above 100 °F (37.8 °C) are rare but not uncommon, occurring on average twice a year. January is the coldest month with an average high of 44.3 °F (6.8 °C) and an average low of 24.2 °F (−4.3 °C). Highs below 32 °F (0.0 °C) occur on average thirteen times
1425-663: Is treated at the Siloam Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant (SSWWTP). Since effluent is discharged into a tributary of the Illinois, the plant's effluent is required to meet the treatment standards of both Arkansas and Oklahoma. The phosphorus load of the Illinois has been subject of controversy in the area, even reaching the United States Supreme Court in 1992. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified
1500-553: Is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Benton County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. Source: "Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files" . U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. School districts include: 36°21′08″N 94°14′03″W / 36.35222°N 94.23417°W / 36.35222; -94.23417 Race (United States Census) In
1575-801: Is within the Illinois River watershed; southwest and south-central parts of the county drain to Osage Creek and western Benton County drains to Flint Creek or Spavinaw Creek . Northeastern Benton County drains to tributaries of the Neosho River . A very small part of northwestern Benton County drains to the Grand Lake . The county has natural springs, which were very important to early settlers. Benton County communities named for their nearby springs include Cave Springs , Eldorado Springs , Elm Springs , Osage Mills , Siloam Springs , Springdale , Springtown , and Sulphur Springs . As of
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#17327726292801650-502: The 2000 United States Census , there were 153,406 people, 58,212 households, and 43,484 families residing in the county. The population density was 181 inhabitants per square mile (70/km ). There were 64,281 housing units at an average density of 76 per square mile (29/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 90.87% White , 0.41% Black or African American , 1.65% Native American , 1.09% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 4.08% from other races , and 1.82% from two or more races. 8.78% of
1725-494: The 2010 Census (an increase of 33.47 percent). Siloam Springs is at the extreme western edge of this area, connected to the principal cities by Highway 412. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Siloam Springs has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. July
1800-730: The Ozark National Forest , Hobbs State Park – Conservation Area , and two state wildlife management areas. Benton County occupies 884.86 square miles (229,180 ha) and contained a population of 284,333 people in 100,749 households as of the 2020 Census , ranking it tenth in size and second in population among the state's 75 counties . The county's economy is heavily influenced by the presence of Walmart , headquartered in Bentonville, and hundreds of associated businesses, with agriculture, tourism, and construction also important sectors. Benton County's median household income
1875-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from
1950-520: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 884 square miles (2,290 km ), of which 847 square miles (2,190 km ) is land and 37 square miles (96 km ) (4.1%) is water. Most of the water is in Beaver Lake . The county is located approximately 112 miles (180 km) east of Tulsa, Oklahoma , 212 miles (341 km) south of Kansas City, Missouri , and 215 miles (346 km) northwest of Little Rock, Arkansas . Benton County
2025-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing
2100-541: The United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in a separate question. The racial categories represent
2175-491: The poverty line , including 13.80% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 221,339. The racial makeup of the county was 76.18% Non-Hispanic white , 1.27% Black or African American , 1.69% Native American , 2.85% Asian , 0.30% Pacific Islander . 15.49% of the population was Hispanic or Latino . As of the 2020 United States census , there were 284,333 people, 100,749 households, and 72,399 families residing in
2250-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census
2325-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in
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2400-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while
2475-590: The Democratic Solid South , supporting Republicans Herbert Hoover in 1928 and Thomas E. Dewey in 1944. It has not been carried by a Democratic presidential nominee since Harry S. Truman in 1948. Along with nearby Sebastian County , it was one of the few counties in Arkansas to resist the appeal of Southern Democratic “ favorite sons ” Lyndon B. Johnson , Jimmy Carter , and Arkansas governor Bill Clinton , while also voting for Republican Richard Nixon in 1968 as George Wallace won Arkansas on
2550-507: The Illinois as Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act , listing it as an "impaired and threatened water" due to the high phosphorus loads. As a result of the applicable strict phosphorus effluent regulations, SSWWTP upgraded its system in 2011. The upgrades also increased capacity 25% to 5.5 million gallons per day (MGD) (14,474 liters per hour). Although presently a traditional biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant capable of meeting
2625-467: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included
2700-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among
2775-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"
2850-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and
2925-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,
3000-430: The city has a total area of 11.2 square miles (28.9 km), of which 11.1 square miles (28.7 km) is land and 0.077 square miles (0.2 km), or 0.71%, is water. The Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area consists of three Arkansas counties : Benton , Madison , and Washington , and McDonald County, Missouri . The area had a population of 347,045 at the 2000 census which had increased to 463,204 by
3075-457: The city was $ 16,047. About 9.5% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over. As of 2009, there were 52 churches that called Siloam Springs home by address. There are reports that Siloam Springs has a record for most number churches per capita, and while the ratio is higher than average, it has never been verified through reliable documentation. (Despite
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3150-413: The city was 85.22% White , 0.49% Black or African American , 4.29% Native American , 0.83% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 5.67% from other races , and 3.42% from two or more races. 14.00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 3,894 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 10.6% had
3225-688: The city was named one of the 20 best small towns in America by Smithsonian magazine The area is located in the Mid-South region of the country where the southern plains meet the Ozark Mountains . The city sits atop a plateau with many dogwood trees growing across the landscape. A perennial creek, named after the founder, Sager Creek , flows through the downtown area. According to the United States Census Bureau ,
3300-467: The city, major routes include Cheri Whitlock Drive , Lincoln Street , Main Street, Mount Olive Street, and University Street. Smith Field , located east of town, serves small business jets as well as double- and single-engine aircraft. It serves exclusively general aviation operations. Commercial air transportation is available from Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport , about 21 miles (34 km) to
3375-467: The conclusion of the study. An EPA total maximum daily load (TMDL) study in the watershed is also ongoing. Benton County, Arkansas Benton County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Arkansas . Created as Arkansas' 35th county on September 30, 1836, Benton County contains thirteen incorporated municipalities , including Bentonville , the county seat , and Rogers ,
3450-445: The county. After the end of Prohibition in 1933, Benton County voters voted that year to stay dry and voted twice in 1944 to stay dry. In 2012, Benton County voters elected to make the county wet, allowing countywide retail alcohol sales. The historic Trail of Tears is on US highways 62 and 71 and connects with U.S. Route 412 in nearby Washington County. The Arkansas and Missouri Railroad parallels US Highways 62 and 71 in
3525-517: The county. The St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (commonly known as the "Frisco") was completed across Benton County in 1881. The Bentonville Railway Company operated a freight and passenger railroad between Rogers and Bentonville between 1883 and 1898. As is typical of the Ozarks and the Bible Belt , Benton County is strongly Republican. It was one of the first counties in Arkansas to break from
3600-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census
3675-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,
3750-534: The east-northeast. The city's primary water source is the Illinois River , although some water is purchased from Benton - Washington Regional Public Water Authority, whose source is Beaver Lake . The water is treated with chlorine , and the by-products of this chlorination process are kept compliant with the Arkansas Department of Health standards. Fluoride is added to supplement the naturally occurring amount present prior to treatment. Wastewater
3825-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then
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#17327726292803900-463: The forest and almost all of the prairie have been replaced by agriculture or expanding residential areas. Poultry, cattle, and hog farming are primary land uses; pastureland and hayland are common. Application of poultry litter to agricultural fields is a non-point source that can impair water quality. Total suspended solids and turbidity values in streams are usually low, but total dissolved solids and water hardness values are high. According to
3975-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed
4050-426: The interim phosphorus limit, pilot tests have proven a chemical nutrient removal (CNR) and membrane biological reactor combination to be effective well below the possible future permit limit. However, due to the high cost, these phases have been delayed. Currently, a 3-year study is being conducted to determine the background phosphorus level in the Illinois. The future effluent limits will likely be written following
4125-655: The large number of churches, the town does contain a small atheist/non-religious community.) Major employers in Siloam Springs include Simmons Foods , Gates Corporation , La-Z-Boy , DaySpring (a subsidiary of Hallmark Cards ), Cobb-Vantress, and John Brown University . Siloam Springs has a city administrator form of government. The government body consists of the mayor, board of directors and district judge. All positions are chosen by election. The other officials and commissioners are appointed with Board approval. In addition to John Brown University, public education
4200-651: The largest tornado in Arkansas history, an EF3 with a width of 1.8 miles (2.9 km). This also initiated the first ever Arkansas appearance of FEMA for emergency disaster relief. Benton County is located within the Springfield Plateau subset of the Ozark Mountains . The plateau is gently rolling compared to the steeper Boston Mountains to the south and east, and contains karst features such as springs , losing streams , sinkholes and caves . Groundcover historically consisted of oak hickory forest or savannas and tall grass prairies . Today, most of
4275-603: The most populous city. The county was named after Thomas Hart Benton , a U.S. Senator from Missouri influential in Arkansas statehood. The county is located within the Springfield Plateau of the Ozarks . Much of eastern Benton County is located along Beaver Lake , a reservoir of the White River . The county contains three protected areas: Logan Cave National Wildlife Refuge , Pea Ridge National Military Park , and Devil's Eyebrow Natural Area, as well as parts of
4350-450: The population was 76% non-Hispanic white, 0.8% black, 4.6% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.2% non-Hispanic reporting some other race, 5.0% from two or more races and 20.8% Hispanic or Latino. At the 2000 census, there were 2,647 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,027.2 inhabitants per square mile (396.6/km). There were 4,223 housing units at an average density of 400.1 per square mile (154.5/km). The racial makeup of
4425-561: The population was Pacific Islander. 1.6% reported two or more races, usually not black-white due to a minuscule African-American population. 12.8% was Latino, but the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce believed the official estimate is underreported and Latinos could well be 20 percent of the population. There were 58,212 households, out of which 34.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.00% were married couples living together, 8.20% had
4500-564: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of 2005 estimates, Benton County's population was 81.7% non-Hispanic white, while the percentage of Latinos grew by 60 percent in the time period. 1.1% of the population was African-American; 1.6% was Native American (the historical presence of the Cherokee Indians live in close proximity to Oklahoma ); 1.7% was Asian (there was a large influx of Filipinos , Vietnamese and South Asian immigrants in recent decades) and 0.2% of
4575-681: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of
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#17327726292804650-455: The pro-segregation American Independent Party ticket. Carter in 1976 remains the last Democrat to win even forty percent of the county's vote. In Benton County, voters have supported the GOP in the last nineteen presidential elections. Note: Most Arkansas counties have names for their townships. Benton County, however, has numbers instead of names. Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of
4725-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry
4800-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry
4875-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in
4950-412: The war in a rented office for a few months until a new two-story frame building was constructed east of the county jail. In 1870, the search for a more permanent home for county government began, and a new structure was finished after significant struggle and controversy, in 1874. This building was replaced by the present-day Benton County Courthouse in 1928. On May 26, 2024 , Benton County experienced
5025-415: Was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 40,281, and the median income for a family was $ 45,235. Males had a median income of $ 30,327 versus $ 22,469 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 19,377. About 7.30% of families and 10.10% of the population were below
5100-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent
5175-547: Was created from neighboring Washington County by the Arkansas General Assembly on September 30, 1836. Created shortly after statehood, it was named for Thomas Hart Benton , a U.S. Senator from Missouri influential in Arkansas's statehood. Following establishment, a citizen committee was established to select the county seat . It decided to create Bentonville, with a town square and 136 lots around it, in 1837. The first building serving as courthouse
5250-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on
5325-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting
5400-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire
5475-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from
5550-460: Was the home of George P. Wallace, the first county judge , for the 1837 court term. By the following year, a log structure on the north side of the Bentonville square was complete and served as the first permanent courthouse. In 1841, a contractor was building a brick courthouse in the middle of the Bentonville square. It was burned by Union troops during the Civil War in 1862. Court resumed after
5625-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as
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