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77-509: Siluete ( Serbian Cyrillic : Силуете , trans. The Silhouettes ) were a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1961. They were one of the pioneers of the Yugoslav rock scene . Soon after the formation, Siluete, fronted by charismatic vocalist Zoran Miščević, gained the attention of the audience with their live performances. In 1963 the original members of the band departed,

154-540: A caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others. The term is derived for the Italian caricare —to charge or load. An early definition occurs in the English doctor Thomas Browne 's Christian Morals , published posthumously in 1716. Expose not thy self by four-footed manners unto monstrous draughts, and Caricatura representations. with

231-808: A 2014 survey, 47% of the Serbian population write in the Latin alphabet whereas 36% write in Cyrillic. The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the equivalent forms in the Serbian Latin alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) value for each letter. The letters do not have names, and consonants are normally pronounced as such when spelling

308-539: A challenge in Unicode modeling, as the glyphs differ only in italic versions, and historically non-italic letters have been used in the same code positions. Serbian professional typography uses fonts specially crafted for the language to overcome the problem, but texts printed from common computers contain East Slavic rather than Serbian italic glyphs. Cyrillic fonts from Adobe, Microsoft (Windows Vista and later) and

385-599: A contract with Sovilj, so for a short period of time they performed with two singers: Sovilj would perform in the first part of concerts and Miščević in the second. After a year spent in Siluete, Sovilj left the band, Siluete continuing with Miščević as the sole vocalist. The new lineup had their first large performance in the Vuk Karadžić Cultural Centre, on the concert entitled "Koncert za karikaturu i tvist" ("A Concert for Caricature and Twist ), organized by

462-605: A contract with a foreign record label, but after failing to do so they split-up. The members of the band returned to Yugoslavia, Cvetković joining the band CD, with only Miščević staying in West Germany. He spent two more years there, performing with an Italian band. After returning to Yugoslavia in 1973 he performed with various bands, including the band Formula Ljubavi ( Formula of Love ) from Inđija , making an appearance on their 1973 7" single "Banane" / "Reka suza" ("Bananas" / "River of Tears"), before he decided to retire from

539-457: A few other font houses include the Serbian variations (both regular and italic). If the underlying font and Web technology provides support, the proper glyphs can be obtained by marking the text with appropriate language codes. Thus, in non-italic mode: whereas: Since Unicode unifies different glyphs in same characters, font support must be present to display the correct variant. The standard Serbian keyboard layout for personal computers

616-616: A fight with the audience and the band's van was by damaged by the mob. The band spent the summer of 1968 performing in Belgrade, playing four times a week in the Rade Končar School yard. In 1969 Dunjić left the band and moved to London. He was replaced by bass guitarist and painter Aleksandar Cvetković. After releasing the single with the songs "Sećanje na Keti" ("Memory of Cathy") and "Dosadan dan" ("Boring Day"), they started performing in clubs all over Europe, once again trying to secure

693-539: A group of younger musicians. This lineup recorded the singles "Ponoćni voz" ("Midnight Train") and "Makedonsko devojče" (" Macedonian Girl"), the latter with former Miss Yugoslavia Lidija Vekovska. During the following years Miščević led Siluete with little success. The new musical trends pushed Siluete to the margin of the Yugoslav scene. The band usually performed smaller venues and saw little media attention. However, they did appear on several large festivals, on which

770-649: A humorous caricature sketched in a few minutes for a small fee. Caricature artists can sometimes be hired for parties, where they will draw caricatures of the guests for their entertainment. There are numerous museums dedicated to caricature throughout the world, including the Museo de la Caricatura of Mexico City , the Muzeum Karykatury in Warsaw , the Caricatura Museum Frankfurt ,

847-421: A part of the original lineup continuing with new members as The Shadows -inspired instrumental band, and later performing with vocalist Tomi Sovilj . In 1964 Miščević returned to Siluete, and the band soon gained nationwide fame thanks to their energetic and sometimes transgressive live performances. During the 1960s they were one of the most popular Yugoslav rock bands, Miščević becoming the first superstar of

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924-447: A system proposed by Akleman et al. provides warping tools specifically designed toward rapidly producing caricatures. There are very few software programs designed specifically for automatically creating caricatures. Computer graphic system requires quite different skill sets to design a caricature as compared to the caricatures created on paper. Thus, using a computer in the digital production of caricatures requires advanced knowledge of

1001-587: Is as follows: Caricature A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon ). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons , while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines . In literature,

1078-492: Is in order – or the art can be employed to make a serious social or political point. A caricaturist draws on (1) the natural characteristics of the subject (the big ears, long nose, etc.); (2) the acquired characteristics (stoop, scars, facial lines etc.); and (3) the vanities (choice of hair style, spectacles, clothes, expressions, and mannerisms). There have been some efforts to produce caricatures automatically or semi-automatically using computer graphics techniques. For example,

1155-636: Is necessary (or followed by a short schwa , e.g. /fə/).: Summary tables According to tradition, Glagolitic was invented by the Byzantine Christian missionaries and brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 860s, amid the Christianization of the Slavs . Glagolitic alphabet appears to be older, predating the introduction of Christianity, only formalized by Cyril and expanded to cover non-Greek sounds. The Glagolitic alphabet

1232-477: Is the only one in official use. The ligatures : were developed specially for the Serbian alphabet. Serbian Cyrillic does not use several letters encountered in other Slavic Cyrillic alphabets. It does not use hard sign ( ъ ) and soft sign ( ь ), particularly due to a lack of distinction between iotated consonants and non-iotated consonants, but the aforementioned soft-sign ligatures instead. It does not have Russian/Belarusian Э , Ukrainian/Belarusian І ,

1309-459: Is used for any other form of comic image, including political satire. Some of the earliest caricatures are found in the works of Leonardo da Vinci , who actively sought people with deformities to use as models. The point was to offer an impression of the original which was more striking than a portrait. Caricature became popular in European aristocratic circles, notably through the works of

1386-524: The 1784 Westminster election . Their skills continued to be in high demand; in the turbulent period of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars caricature became an increasingly important communication medium. Gillray became the leading political caricaturist of his time, famous across Europe, while Rowlandson's vast output used caricature for both political and social caricature and for comic book illustration. Published from 1868 to 1914,

1463-566: The Nazi puppet Independent State of Croatia banned the use of Cyrillic, having regulated it on 25 April 1941, and in June 1941 began eliminating " Eastern " (Serbian) words from Croatian, and shut down Serbian schools. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was used as a basis for the Macedonian alphabet with the work of Krste Misirkov and Venko Markovski . The Serbian Cyrillic script was one of

1540-475: The combo Black Cats, rhythm guitar), Ilija Stanić (guitar), Zoran Simjanović (keyboards) and Jovan "Miške" Mišević (drums). The band members, influenced by the film The Young Ones and the film appearance of Cliff Richard and The Shadows , decided to name the band Siluete, after Gluščević's idea. The band had their first performance on a school dance in Belgrade Economy School, which

1617-495: The djerv (Ꙉꙉ) for the Serbian reflexes of Pre-Slavic *tj and *dj (* t͡ɕ , * d͡ʑ , * d͡ʒ , and * tɕ ), later the letter evolved to dje (Ђђ) and tshe (Ћћ) letters . Vuk Stefanović Karadžić fled Serbia during the Serbian Revolution in 1813, to Vienna. There he met Jernej Kopitar , a linguist with interest in slavistics. Kopitar and Sava Mrkalj helped Vuk to reform Serbian and its orthography. He finalized

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1694-649: The satirical magazine Jež ( Hedgehog ). The band played numerous concerts in the club Euridika, the café in the Tašmajdan Park, the City Basement dancing hall and Belgrade Youth Center . On October 14, 1964, they appeared, alongside Faraoni, Elipse , Detlići and Crveni Koralji , on the Vatromet ritma ( Fireworks of Rhythm ) festival in Novi Sad . The bands that performed were chosen via poll conducted by

1771-557: The 3 and 13 October 1914 banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , limiting it for use in religious instruction. A decree was passed on January 3, 1915, that banned Serbian Cyrillic completely from public use. An imperial order on October 25, 1915, banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina , except "within the scope of Serbian Orthodox Church authorities". In 1941,

1848-595: The Italian Rococo artist Pier Leone Ghezzi . Caricature portraits were passed around for mutual enjoyment. and the fashion spread to Britain from visitors returning from the Grand Tour ; the much greater freedom of the press in England allowed its use in biting political satire and furthered its development as an art form in its own right. While the first book on caricature drawing to be published in England

1925-513: The Latin alphabet, in use in western South Slavic areas, using the same principles. As a result of this joint effort, Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets have a complete one-to-one congruence, with the Latin digraphs Lj, Nj, and Dž counting as single letters. The updated Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was officially adopted in the Principality of Serbia in 1868, and was in exclusive use in

2002-645: The Latin script is almost always used in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , whereas Cyrillic is in everyday use in Republika Srpska . The Serbian language in Croatia is officially recognized as a minority language; however, the use of Cyrillic in bilingual signs has sparked protests and vandalism . Serbian Cyrillic is an important symbol of Serbian identity. In Serbia, official documents are printed in Cyrillic only even though, according to

2079-518: The London weekly magazine Vanity Fair became famous for its caricatures of famous people in society. In a lecture titled The History and Art of Caricature , the British caricaturist Ted Harrison said that the caricaturist can choose to either mock or wound the subject with an effective caricature. Drawing caricatures can simply be a form of entertainment and amusement – in which case gentle mockery

2156-585: The Room "), "Keti" ("Cathy") and "Uhvati vetar" ("Catch the Wind", a cover of Donovan 's " Catch the Wind "). All the lyrics were written by Miomir Petrović. The release was disliked by the press, and the band members themselves stated that the songs were recorded hastily and that they are not satisfied with the EP. However, Tvoj rođendan was sold more in than 60,000 copies. In 1967 the band released two more EPs. The first one

2233-586: The Yugoslav public with their energetic live performances and their appearance, which secured them with huge popularity. At the time there were around 230 rock bands in Belgrade , but most of them had short hair and tidy clothes, which were the standards Siluete changed. In 1965 the band performed on the Parada ritma festival held in Hall 3 of the Belgrade Fair in front of some 3,500 people. Siluete performed in

2310-411: The Yugoslav rock scene and the Yugoslav press comparing their rivalry with the band Elipse (whose keyboardist Zoran Simjanović was one of the forming members of Siluete) to the one between The Rolling Stones and The Beatles . In the late 1960s the band performed abroad, trying to secure a contract with a foreign record label and, after failing to do so, disbanded in 1971. Miščević reformed Siluete in

2387-576: The alphabet in 1818 with the Serbian Dictionary . Karadžić reformed standard Serbian and standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict phonemic principles on the Johann Christoph Adelung ' model and Jan Hus ' Czech alphabet . Karadžić's reforms of standard Serbian modernised it and distanced it from Serbian and Russian Church Slavonic , instead bringing it closer to common folk speech, specifically, to

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2464-408: The average person, in his caricature the ears will be much larger than normal. Brennan's system implemented this idea in a partially automated fashion as follows: the operator was required to input a frontal drawing of the desired person having a standardized topology (the number and ordering of lines for every face). She obtained a corresponding drawing of an average male face. Then, the particular face

2541-509: The band would usually perform a cover of Bijelo Dugme 's hit "Kad bi bio bijelo dugme" ("If I Were a White Button"), with altered lyrics including the verses "Dok su bile Siluete / Dugmići su bili malo dete" ("While Silhouettes were playing / the Buttons were just kids"). Siluete would appear on Bijelo Dugme's 1979 concert at JNA Stadium as one of the opening bands. More than 180 musicians passed through Siluete, with Miščević and Đorđević being

2618-476: The best Yugoslav band by the readers of the youth magazine Mladost ( Youth ). The band appeared on front covers of various magazines and Miščević's long blond hair caused numerous scandals. There were several attempts by citizens of Belgrade to cut his hair, so he got the media's attention by trying to insure his hair. He provoked the conservative public by posing for photographers under a hooded dryer , by wearing excessive jewelry and stating that his only mistake

2695-605: The competitive part of the program alongside Plamenih 5 , Sanjalice , Juniori, Plavi Dečaci and Elipse and were proclaimed the Best Band. In 1965 the band appeared in Branko Bauer 's film Doći i ostati ( To Come and to Stay ). At the first edition of the Belgrade Gitarijada festival, held on January 9, 1966, at Belgrade Fair – Hall 1 , Siluete performed with other popular rock bands. They were proclaimed

2772-523: The compilation album VIS Siluete ( VIS being an abbreviation for Vokalno-instrumentalni sastav , trans. Vocal-instrumental ensemble ), with an overview of the band's work, was released. The songs "Tvoj rođendan", "Uhvati vetar" and the previously unreleased instrumental "Tema Silueta" ("Siluete's Theme") was published on the box set Kad je rock bio mlad – Priče sa istočne strane (1956–1970) ( When Rock Was Young – East Side Stories (1956–1970) ), released by Croatia Records in 2005 and featuring songs by

2849-555: The country up to the interwar period . Both alphabets were official in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Due to the shared cultural area, Gaj's Latin alphabet saw a gradual adoption in the Socialist Republic of Serbia since, and both scripts are used to write modern standard Serbian. In Serbia , Cyrillic is seen as being more traditional, and has

2926-615: The dialect of Eastern Herzegovina which he spoke. Karadžić was, together with Đuro Daničić , the main Serbian signatory to the Vienna Literary Agreement of 1850 which, encouraged by Austrian authorities, laid the foundation for Serbian, various forms of which are used by Serbs in Serbia , Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia today. Karadžić also translated the New Testament into Serbian, which

3003-536: The exhibitions of painter Olja Ivanjicki . In 1966 they also appeared in Sava Popović's short film Rapsodija u crnom ( Rhapsody in Black ). In 1966 Siluete released their first EP , Tvoj rođendan ( Your Birthday ). Besides the title track, which was a cover of Small Faces song " Sha-La-La-La-Lee ", the EP featured the songs "Najdraži san" ("The Dearest Dream", a cover of The Searchers song " When You Walk in

3080-549: The footnote: When Men's faces are drawn with resemblance to some other Animals, the Italians call it, to be drawn in Caricatura Thus, the word "caricature" essentially means a "loaded portrait". In 18th-century usage, 'caricature' was used for any image that made use of exaggerated or distorted features; thus both for comic portraits of specific people and for general social and political comic illustrations such as

3157-569: The media, which started promoting rivalry between Silute and Elipse , comparing it to the one between The Rolling Stones and The Beatles , Elipse usually being proclaimed more competent musicians and Siluete better showmen. In 1967 both bands performed as the opening acts on The Searchers concerts in Belgrade and Zrenjanin . During the year Siluete won the first place on the second edition of Gitarijada festival. They appeared in TV show Koncert za ludi mladi svet ( A Concert for Young Crazy World ) with

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3234-501: The mid-1970s and continued to lead them through the following years. A number of musicians passed through the band, with Mišćević and keyboardist Ljuba Đorđević being the only mainstay members. The band held numerous performances in the late 1970s and the 1980s, but enjoyed little media attention and popularity. Miščević died in 1995, Siluete thus ending their activity. Siluete were officially formed on October 20, 1961, by Zoran Miščević (vocals and bass guitar), Branko Gluščević (formerly of

3311-445: The music magazine Ritam . This concert was a part of Parada ritma ( Parade of Rhythm ) concert series, arguably the first rock festival in a communist country . In mid-1964, Tomi Sovilj formed his own Siluete, but the members of the original Siluete filed a lawsuit against him, so Sovilj continued to perform with his band under the name Tomi Sovilj i Njegove Siluete ( Tomi Sovilj and His Silhouettes ). During 1965 Siluete shocked

3388-511: The new lineup: Dejan Dunjić (bass guitar), Jovan Mišević (drums), Miomir "Kraka" Petrović (formerly of Safiri, rhythm guitar) and Ljuba Đorđević (keyboards). This lineup of the band performed The Shadows-influenced instrumental music. On one of their performances they were approached by singer Tomislav "Tomi" Sovilj (formerly of Zlatni Dečaci ), who suggested they work together, so he became the band's new singer. As Lutalice disbanded in 1964, Miščević moved back to Siluete. However, Siluete still had

3465-509: The official status (designated in the constitution as the " official script ", compared to Latin's status of "script in official use" designated by a lower-level act, for national minorities). It is also an official script in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro , along with Gaj's Latin alphabet . Serbian Cyrillic is in official use in Serbia , Montenegro , and Bosnia and Herzegovina . Although Bosnia "officially accept[s] both alphabets",

3542-580: The only mainstay members of the band. Đorđević died in 1986, but Miščević decided to continue the band's activity. In 1994, a various artists compilation album Sjaj izgubljene ljubavi: Muzika šezdesetih ( Shine of the Lost Love: Music of the 1960s ), a part of the YU retROCKspektiva ( YU retROCKspektive ) album series, was released, featuring Siluete song "Tvoj rođendan". Zoran Miščević died on April 4, 1995, Siluete thus ending their activity. In 2000

3619-400: The opening band and a guest appearance by the jazz ballet group Džezabal ( Jazzabelle ). The press praised the performance and the fact the band started dedicating more attention to their musicianship. After the concert the band went on a Yugoslav tour during which they performed 120 concerts, on which debuted new guitarist Ljubomir Sedlar, formerly of the band Vizije ( The Visions ). A part of

3696-440: The other hand, Liang et al. argue that caricature varies depending on the artist and cannot be captured in a single definition. Their system uses machine learning techniques to automatically learn and mimic the style of a particular caricature artist, given training data in the form of a number of face photographs and the corresponding caricatures by that artist. The results produced by computer graphic systems are arguably not yet of

3773-720: The pioneering Yugoslav rock acts. "Tema Silueta" was recorded in 1962, on a rehearsal in Gvozden Eror's apartment. Siluete former guitarist Miroslav Petrović formed the old city music band Daniluške. He wrote the main theme for Branko Bauer 's TV series The Farm in the Small Marsh , appearing in the series in a supporting role. He died at the beginning of the 1990s. Siluete former drummer Miroslav Minić moved to Germany, where he would perform with Belgrade Show Orchestra. In 1971 he moved to Norway . He performed until 1986, when he dedicated himself to fashion design. Miščević

3850-463: The political and public-figure satire, most contemporary caricatures are used as gifts or souvenirs, often drawn by street vendors. For a small fee, a caricature can be drawn specifically (and quickly) for a patron. These are popular at street fairs, carnivals, and even weddings, often with humorous results. Caricature artists are also popular attractions at many places frequented by tourists, especially oceanfront boardwalks , where vacationers can have

3927-400: The population variance of the feature should be taken into account. For example, the distance between the eyes varies less than other features, such as the size of the nose. Thus even a small variation in the eye spacing is unusual and should be exaggerated, whereas a correspondingly small change in the nose size relative to the mean would not be unusual enough to be worthy of exaggeration. On

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4004-408: The previous 18th century Slavonic-Serbian script, following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written", removing obsolete letters and letters representing iotated vowels , introducing ⟨J⟩ from the Latin alphabet instead, and adding several consonant letters for sounds specific to Serbian phonology . During the same period, linguists led by Ljudevit Gaj adapted

4081-485: The program's functionality. Rather than being a simpler method of caricature creation, it can be a more complex method of creating images that feature finer coloring textures than can be created using more traditional methods. A milestone in formally defining caricature was Susan Brennan's master's thesis in 1982. In her system, caricature was formalized as the process of exaggerating differences from an average face. For example, if Charles III has more prominent ears than

4158-472: The same quality as those produced by human artists. For example, most systems are restricted to exactly frontal poses, whereas many or even most manually produced caricatures (and face portraits in general) choose an off-center "three-quarters" view. Brennan's caricature drawings were frontal-pose line drawings. More recent systems can produce caricatures in a variety of styles, including direct geometric distortion of photographs. Brennan's caricature generator

4235-555: The satires of James Gillray , Thomas Rowlandson and many others. The title of the British Caricature Magazine (1807-1819) exemplifies this usage. In modern usage, 'caricature' is used predominantly for a portrait of a recognizable individual (much as originally used to describe the works of Pier Leone Ghezzi ), while the more recent term 'cartoon', popularised in the 19th century from its use in Punch magazine,

4312-513: The scene. In 1975 Miščević decided to reform Siluete. The new lineup featured, beside Miščević, only one former Siluete member, Ljuba Đorđević (keyboards). The rest of the lineup consisted of Slobodan "Boba" Orlić (formerly of Bitnici, bass guitar) Dragan Vukelić (electric piano) and Radomir Dramičanin (formerly of Dah , drums). Siluete went on a tour on which Miščević appeared on stage with a snake, but they saw little success and disbanded once again. In 1976 Miščević and Đorđević reformed Siluete with

4389-546: The second best band (behind Elipse) by the jury, but were voted the Best Band by the audience. On the festival debuted the band's new guitarist Dragi Jelić , formerly of the band Beduini ( The Bedouins ). As all the members of the band except Jelić had long hair, he appeared on the stage wearing a wig. During the year the band had more than 80 concerts across Yugoslavia, often performing large venues. In Skopje they performed during pouring rain in front of about 6,000 people. During 1966 they often performed in Belgrade and Zagreb at

4466-768: The semi-vowels Й or Ў , nor the iotated letters Я (Russian/Bulgarian ya ), Є (Ukrainian ye ), Ї ( yi ), Ё (Russian yo ) or Ю ( yu ), which are instead written as two separate letters: Ја, Је, Ји, Јо, Ју . Ј can also be used as a semi-vowel, in place of й . The letter Щ is not used. When necessary, it is transliterated as either ШЧ , ШЋ or ШТ . Serbian italic and cursive forms of lowercase letters б , г , д , п , and т (Russian Cyrillic alphabet) differ from those used in other Cyrillic alphabets: б , г , д , п , and т (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet). The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized among languages and there are no officially recognized variations. That presents

4543-609: The songs " I'm a Man " and " Massachusetts ", the videos for which were shot in the Wild West town settings in the Avala Film Studios. In 1967 Srđan Karanović , at the time a film direction student, made a television movie about the band, entitled Učio sam dve godine kontrabas ( I Learned to Play Bass for Two Years ), and the band also appeared in the TV series Krug dvojkom ( A Round by Streetcar No. 2 ) as cavemen creating music by using bones. In 1967 they were voted

4620-638: The songs " My Girl Josephine " and " Peppermint Twist ". During 1962 they actively performed on dances and even in the club Orfeum as a part of the club's cabaret program. For a short period of time percussionist Gvozden Eror performed with them. After performances in Makarska and Dubrovnik during the summer of 1963, the forming members of Siluete departed. Simjanović moved to Elipse , Miščević, Gluščević and Minić formed Lutalice ( The Wanderers ) with guitarist Božidar "Lari" Plesničar and rhythm guitarist Slobodan Mihajlović, and Ilić continued to lead Siluete in

4697-671: The success in Yugoslavia, the band decided to try to break into the foreign market, for months they performing in Austria and West Germany . In Vienna they performed in the clubs Chattanooga and Star Club. The Austrian newspaper Kurier wrote about their performances describing them as "descendants of hajduks who fought against the Turks ". However, the guitarist Dragi Jelić left the band and joined Džentlmeni (later forming highly successful YU Grupa with his brother Žika Jelić ). Jelić

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4774-417: The third prize a date with him. He started receiving hundreds of fan letters , becoming the first Yugoslav superstar since singer Đorđe Marjanović , and young people across Yugoslavia sprayed the band's name on walls. However, a part of the press criticized the band for dedicating most of their attention to their appearance and not making any efforts to improve their musical skills and sound. Encouraged by

4851-556: The tour was a twenty-three-hour concert held on New Year's Eve in Belgrade Youth Center. In January 1968, at their concert in Sarajevo , a riot broke out. A large number of chairs was broken, Miščević's shirt was ripped off and his gold necklace was split, Ljuba Đorđević was hit on the head with a bottle and their manager's wallet was stolen. At the Siluete concert in Novi Sad the band members broke their guitars, got in

4928-598: The two official scripts used to write Serbo-Croatian in Yugoslavia since its establishment in 1918, the other being Gaj's Latin alphabet ( latinica ). Following the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Serbian Cyrillic is no longer used in Croatia on national level, while in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro it remained an official script. Under the Constitution of Serbia of 2006, Cyrillic script

5005-513: Was Mary Darly's A Book of Caricaturas ( c.  1762 ), the first known North American caricatures were drawn in 1759 during the battle for Quebec. These caricatures were the work of Brig.-Gen. George Townshend whose caricatures of British General James Wolfe , depicted as "Deformed and crass and hideous" (Snell), were drawn to amuse fellow officers. In the 18th century, because of England's liberal political traditions, relative freedom of speech, and burgeoning publishing industry, London

5082-498: Was a hot bed for the development of modern forms of caricature. William Hogarth (1697–1764) elevated satirical art into an accepted art form and a succeeding generation of talented artists including names such as James Gillray (1757–1815), Thomas Rowlandson (1756–1827) and Isaac Cruikshank (1757–1815) advanced it further. Caricature became a valuable tool for political campaigning and both Gillray and Rowlandson established their reputations as caricaturists working as 'hired guns' in

5159-545: Was awarded several times for his contribution to Yugoslav music. He was awarded with SR Serbia Seventh of July Award and the First of May Award. The song "Uhvati vetar" was covered by the Yugoslav rock band Jura Stublić & Film on their 1989 album Zemlja sreće ( Land of Happiness ). "Tvoj rođendan" / "Uhvati vetar" / "Tema Silueta" ( Kad je rock bio mlad – Priče sa istočne strane (1956–1970) , 2005) Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Reformed Serbian based its alphabet on

5236-630: Was based on the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki . Part of the Serbian literary heritage of the Middle Ages are works such as Miroslav Gospel , Vukan Gospels , St. Sava's Nomocanon , Dušan's Code , Munich Serbian Psalter , and others. The first printed book in Serbian was the Cetinje Octoechos (1494). It's notable extensive use of diacritical signs by the Resava dialect and use of

5313-410: Was caricatured simply by subtracting from the particular face the corresponding point on the mean face (the origin being placed in the middle of the face), scaling this difference by a factor larger than one, and adding the scaled difference back onto the mean face. Though Brennan's formalization was introduced in the 1980s, it remains relevant in recent work. Mo et al. refined the idea by noting that

5390-505: Was entitled Dona . Beside the title track, which was a cover of Ritchie Valens song " Donna ", the EP featured the songs "Noć za ljubav" ("A Night for Love", a cover of The Troggs song " With a Girl Like You "), "Moj srećan dom" ("My Happy Home", a cover of Stonewall Jackson song " I Washed My Hands in Muddy Water ") and "Uzmi ili ostavi" ("Take It or Leave It", a cover of The Rolling Stones ' " Take It or Leave It "). The second EP

5467-507: Was entitled Kišu sam tražio ( I Asked for Rain ). This was the band's first release to feature their own songs, the title track and the song "Raskid" ("Breakup"), both of them written by Dunjić. The other two songs on the EP were "Voleti nekog" ("To Love Somebody", a cover of the Bee Gees ' " To Love Somebody ") and "Plakaću sutra" ("I'll Cry Tomorrow", a cover of The Searchers' "I'll Cry Tomorrow"). The releases brought them new attention of

5544-482: Was followed by performances on numerous dances, in the café at the Tašmajdan Park and in the club Euridika. Mišević was soon replaced by more experienced Miroslav "Mine" Minić. At the beginning of 1962, the band had their first appearance in front of larger crowd, on a concert of popular singer Đorđe Marjanović , held in Belgrade's Trade Union Hall . Siluete appeared on stage to perform as Marjanović's backing band on

5621-631: Was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic script, developed around by Cyril's disciples, perhaps at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th century. The earliest form of Cyrillic was the ustav , based on Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and letters from the Glagolitic alphabet for consonants not found in Greek. There was no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. The standard language

5698-516: Was not being born in the age of Romulus and Remus . Prior to a concert in Zagreb Miščević announced that he would kill twenty chickens on stage, and on a concert in Niš he provoked audience to trow rotten fruit on stage. On some of the concerts Miščević organized dancing competitions for girls from the audience, with the first prize being a week of dating him, the second prize three days of dating him and

5775-582: Was published in 1868. He wrote several books; Mala prostonarodna slaveno-serbska pesnarica and Pismenica serbskoga jezika in 1814, and two more in 1815 and 1818, all with the alphabet still in progress. In his letters from 1815 to 1818 he used: Ю, Я, Ы and Ѳ. In his 1815 song book he dropped the Ѣ. The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death. From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters: He added one Latin letter: And 5 new ones: He removed: Orders issued on

5852-485: Was replaced by a former Džentlmeni member Slobodan Todorović. During one of their absences from Yugoslavia some Yugoslav newspapers published the rumor that Siluete performed at a graveyard in Nuremberg . After their efforts to gain success abroad failed, the band decided to dedicate themselves to their status on the Yugoslav scene. They organized a comeback concert in Belgrade Youth Center, which featured Džentlmeni as

5929-424: Was used to test recognition of caricatures. Rhodes, Brennan and Carey demonstrated that caricatures were recognised more accurately than the original images. They used line drawn images but Benson and Perrett showed similar effects with photographic quality images. Explanations for this advantage have been based on both norm-based theories of face recognition and exemplar-based theories of face recognition. Beside

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