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38-410: Silver Beach opened as a resort in 1891 when local businessmen in boat building Logan Drake and Louis D. Wallace built vacation cottages as Silver Beach Amusement and Realty Company along Lake Michigan . Construction of buildings such as a pavilion followed and were completed in 1896. After the park was established, two of the earliest aviators, Augustus Moore Herring and Logan Archbold Vilas , used

76-417: A carousel had been added by 1916, taking advantage of the enlarged area of beach sand created by Lake Michigan in the years during the park's operation. Silver Beach's success continued until the 1960s, when crime and unrest became much more common, and closed on August 10, 1970, due to the escalating problems including a violent incident on July 4, 1969. The park attempted to recover but did not reopen after

114-408: A 200 ton sloop. As steam power became common in the navy, the need to transport drinking water (which could be distilled in the engine room) and transport anchors and cables to move a sailing ship both disappeared. By the last quarter of the 19th century, launches were only issued in one length, 42 feet (12.8 metres). Launches had double-banked oars The usual sailing rig for much of the 19th century

152-405: A builder should choose the most appropriate one for the boat's intended purpose. For example, a sea-going vessel needs a hull which is more stable and robust than a hull used in rivers and canals. Hull types include: Launch (boat) Launch is a name given to several different types of boat. The wide-range of usage of the name extends from utilitarian craft through to pleasure boats built to

190-410: A covering of paint). Modern steel components are welded or bolted together. As the welding can be done very easily (with common welding equipment), and as the material is very cheap, it is a popular material with amateur builders. Also, amateur builders which are not yet well established in building steel ships may opt for DIY construction kits. If steel is used, a zinc layer is often applied to coat

228-462: A launch – such as the police launch or a harbour-master's launch. The size range and capabilities vary according to the precise role. In private use, a launch is invariably a powered boat, using a steam, electric, petrol or diesel engine. Some are built to a very high standard of finish, with large amounts of varnished hardwood and polished fittings. Various local historic types are kept in use by enthusiasts and museums. The word launch

266-401: A load of just over nine and half tonnes of water. A warship's launch would also be fitted with a windlass that allowed a ship's anchor to be carried or to be weighed (raised). This second essential role, generally for a ship's boat and specifically for the launch, was the laying out of anchors or weighing them after use. Before steam tugs were available, a ship's boat would often be used to kedge

304-451: A ship out of a harbour or away from a hazard such as a lee shore , set a new anchor or inspect the cable if moored for a long time, among a range of "anchor work" tasks. The launches issued to naval ships varied in size depending on the size of the ship they equipped. An 1815 schedule of ship's boats showed the range of 15 different lengths for launches from 34 ft (10 m) for a ship of 100 guns down to 16 ft (4.9 m) for

342-474: A smooth finish. In the 1960s and 1970s, particularly in Australia and New Zealand, the cheapness of ferro construction encouraged amateur builders to build hulls larger than they could afford, not anticipating that the fitting-out costs of a larger boat can be crippling. The advantages of a ferro hull are: The disadvantages are: See also : concrete ship , concrete canoe . There are many hull types, and

380-411: A very effective antifouling metal. Cupronickel may be found on the hulls of premium tugboats , fishing boats and other working boats ; and may even be used for propellers and propeller shafts . Fiberglass ( glass-reinforced plastic or GRP) is typically used for production boats because of its ability to reuse a female mould as the foundation for the shape of the boat. The resulting structure

418-413: A very high standard. In naval use, the launch was introduced as a ship's boat towards the end of the 17th century. On each warship, the launch was usually the largest boat out of those carried aboard. It could be propelled by oar or sail, with this type remaining in service into the 20th century. Steam launches were introduced on a trial basis in 1867, but as steam-powered ship's boats became more common,

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456-576: A warship or a merchant vessel in the age of sail . The transition from longboat to launch was influenced by the East India Company successfully experimenting with this change. Launches were preferred as having greater carrying capacity, though they could be considered less seaworthy. One of two important roles was the carrying of drinking water. For example, a 33 ft (10 m) launch of 1804 could carry 14 large "leaguers" (barrels containing 150 imperial gallons (680 L) each), making

494-400: A wooden hull provided the risk of galvanic corrosion was minimised. Fast cargo vessels once were copper-bottomed to prevent being slowed by marine fouling. GRP and ferrocement hulls are classic composite hulls, the term "composite" applies also to plastics reinforced with fibers other than glass. When a hull is being created in a female mould, the composite materials are applied to the mould in

532-801: Is accompanied by exhibits from the Silver Beach Amusement Park, a Kid's Discovery Zone hosted by St. Joseph's Curious Kids Museum, the Whirlpool Compass Fountain and the Shadowland Ballroom, which hosts wedding receptions and other special occasions. Schlender, Daryl T. (2008). Silver Sands and Golden Memories: The History of Silver Beach Amusement Park . Self-published. ISBN   1-60725-466-2 . 42°06′45″N 86°29′15″W  /  42.1125°N 86.4875°W  / 42.1125; -86.4875 Boat building Boat building

570-411: Is applied by a team of plasterers. The cement:sand ratio is a very rich 4:1. As the hull thickness is typically 2.5 to 3 cms, ferrocement is unsuitable for boats less than about 15 metres LOA as there is a weight penalty; above that length there is no penalty. Properly plastered ferrocement boats have smooth hulls with fine lines, and amateur builders are advised to use professional plasterers to produce

608-582: Is derived from the Spanish lancha , which may be translated into English as " pinnace ". It has been suggested that lancha is in turn derived from a Malay word Lancaran . The first instance of "launch" being used as a boat type in English was in 1697. The launch steadily replaced the long-boat in the Royal Navy over the latter half of the 18th century. Both were usually the biggest boat carried by

646-525: Is laid to the mould, but before the inner skin is laid. This is similar to the next type, composite, but is not usually classified as composite, since the core material in this case does not provide much additional strength. It does, however, increase stiffness, which means that less resin and fiberglass cloth can be used in order to save weight. Most fibreglass boats are currently made in an open mould, with fibreglass and resin applied by hand ( hand-lay-up method). Some are now constructed by vacuum infusion where

684-457: Is most commonly found in yachts, pontoon and power boats that are not kept permanently in the water. Aluminium yachts are particularly popular in France. A relatively expensive metal used only very occasionally in boatbuilding is cupronickel . Arguably the ideal metal for boat hulls, cupronickel is reasonably tough, highly resistant to corrosion in seawater, and is (because of its copper content)

722-409: Is strong in tension but often needs to be either laid up with many heavy layers of resin-saturated fiberglass or reinforced with wood or foam in order to provide stiffness. GRP hulls are largely free of corrosion though not normally fireproof. These can be solid fiberglass or of the sandwich (cored) type, in which a core of balsa , foam or similar material is applied after the outer layer of fiberglass

760-728: Is the design and construction of boats (instead of the larger ships ) — and their on-board systems. This includes at minimum the construction of a hull , with any necessary propulsion, mechanical, navigation, safety and other service systems as the craft requires. The boat building industry provides for the design, manufacturing, repair and modification of human-powered watercrafts , sailboats , motorboats , airboats and submersibles , and caters for various demands from recreational (e.g. launches , dinghies and yachts ), commercial (e.g. tour boats , ferry boats and lighters ), residential ( houseboats ), to professional (e.g. fishing boats , tugboats , lifeboats and patrol boats ) . Wood

798-407: Is the lightest material for building large boats (being 15–20% lighter than polyester and 30% lighter than steel). Aluminium is relatively cheap in comparison with wood or steel in most countries. In addition it is relatively easy to cut, bend and weld. Galvanic corrosion below the waterline in salt water is a serious concern, particularly in marinas where there are other conflicting metals. Aluminium

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836-405: Is the traditional boat building material used for hull and spar construction. It is buoyant, widely available and easily worked. It is a popular material for small boats (of e.g. 6-metre (20 ft) length; such as dinghies and sailboats). Its abrasion resistance varies according to the hardness and density of the wood and it can deteriorate if fresh water or marine organisms are allowed to penetrate

874-463: The D-Day Mulberry harbours . After a buzz of excitement among homebuilders in the 1960s, ferro building has since declined. Ferrocement is a relatively cheap method to produce a hull, although unsuitable for commercial mass production. A steel and iron "armature" is built to the exact shape of the hull, ultimately being covered in galvanised chicken netting. Then, on a single day, the cement

912-410: The "shell-first" method (also called "planking first") and the "frame first" method. With "shell first", the form of the hull is determined by joining shaped planks that are fastened together, followed by reinforcing the structure with the frames (or ribs) that are fitted to the inside. With "frame first", the hull shape is established by setting up the frames on the keel and then fastening the planking on

950-576: The 1971 season. Rides and attractions were sold and the amusement park was abandoned; the remaining structures were demolished starting in 1975. LECO Corporation bought the property on November 22, 1977; Berrien County bought it from LECO on December 14, 1990, and now operates it as Silver Beach County Park. From 1979 to 2011, Silver Beach hosted the Venetian Festival . In 1997, the Silver Beach Carousel Society

988-466: The Shadowland Ballroom in 1927; performers would include the founders of MCA Inc. , founded after Drake encouraged two performers to create the endeavor. In the ensuing decades, the park expanded, including the additions of a ferris wheel, miniature train, children's amusement ride area, and miniature golf course, and maintained continued popularity due in part to the owners providing steamboat access from Chicago. In what has become an icon of Silver Beach,

1026-657: The beach to experiment with aircraft, the latter being the first person to fly across Lake Michigan when he flew from Silver Beach to Chicago . The first roller coaster, Chase through the Clouds, opened in 1905; it was replaced in 1923 by another coaster, the Velvet (later "the Comet"). Also added in 1905 were a roller rink, with a pipe organ included in 1906, both firsts in the region, and a boxing ring, with matches organized by boxer Tommy Ryan . A dance hall opened in 1907, replaced by

1064-581: The entire hull. It is applied after sandblasting (which is required to have a cleaned surface) and before painting. The painting is usually done with lead paint (Pb 3 O 4 ). Optionally, the covering with the zinc layer may be left out, but it is generally not recommended. Zinc anodes also need to be placed on the ship's hull. Until the mid-1900s, steel sheets were riveted together. Aluminum and aluminum alloys are used both in sheet form for all-metal hulls or for isolated structural members. Many sailing spars are frequently made of aluminium after 1960. It

1102-443: The fibres are laid out and resin is pulled into the mould by atmospheric pressure. This can produce stronger parts with more glass and less resin, but takes special materials and more technical knowledge. Older fibreglass boats before 1990 were often not constructed in controlled temperature buildings leading to the widespread problem of fibreglass pox, where seawater seeped through small holes and caused delamination. The name comes from

1140-410: The form of a thermosetting plastic (usually epoxy , polyester, or vinylester) and some kind of fiber cloth ( fiberglass , kevlar , dynel , carbon fiber , etc.). These methods can give strength-to-weight ratios approaching that of aluminum, while requiring less specialized tools and construction skills. First developed in the mid-19th century in both France and Holland, ferrocement was also used for

1178-417: The majority were steam pinnaces. Other military examples were the various motor launches used in the 20th century, employed for harbour defence, anti-submarine patrols, escorting coastal convoys, minesweeping and recovering aircrew from crashed aircraft. Generally these were decked boats, some of which were capable of fast speeds. A powered boat operated by a regulatory or official organisation may be termed

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1216-446: The multitude of surface pits in the outer gelcoat layer which resembles smallpox. Sometimes the problem was caused by atmospheric moisture being trapped in the layup during construction in humid weather. "Composite construction" involves a variety of composite materials and methods: an early example was a timber carvel skin attached to a frame and deck beams made of iron. Sheet copper anti-fouling ("copper=bottomed") could be attached to

1254-517: The open boat more than 4,000 miles, losing only one man – Tonga to Timor , 3,618 nmi (6,701 km; 4,164 mi). On the River Thames the term "launch" is used to mean any motorised pleasure boat. The usage arises from the legislation governing the management of the Thames and laying down the categories of boats and the tolls for which they were liable. Motor Launch

1292-422: The outside. Some types of wood construction include: Either used in sheet or alternatively, plate for all-metal hulls or for isolated structural members. It is strong, but heavy (despite the fact that the thickness of the hull can be less). It is generally about 30% heavier than aluminium and somewhat more heavy than polyester . The material rusts unless protected from water (this is usually done by means of

1330-481: The wood. Woods such as teak , totara and some cedars have natural chemicals which prevent rot whereas other woods, such as Pinus radiata , will rot very quickly. The hull of a wooden boat usually consists of planking fastened to frames and a keel. Keel and frames are traditionally made of hardwoods such as oak while planking can be oak but is more often softwood such as pine , larch or cedar . Traditional wood construction techniques can be classified into

1368-716: Was a two-masted ketch rig. A schooner rig was in use from 1878 and the de Horsey sloop rig was adopted from 1884. During the Demak Sultanate attack on Portuguese Malacca of 1513, lancaran were used as armed troop transports for landing alongside penjajap and kelulus , as the Javanese junks were too large to approach shore. In 1788 Captain William Bligh and 18 crewmen were set adrift by mutineers in HMS Bounty ’s 23-foot (7 m) launch. Bligh navigated

1406-635: Was founded with the goal of returning the original carousel to its location at Silver Beach, but they were unable to secure funding before the carousel was sold to a group of businessmen in Washington State who placed it in the Southridge Sports and Events Complex in Kennewick . The society was determined to build a new carousel near Silver Beach County Park and, in 2010, the new Silver Beach Carousel opened its doors. The new carousel

1444-513: Was the designation for a type of vessel used in World War I and World War II by the Royal Navy and some other navies for inshore work defending harbours ( Harbour defence motor launch ) and defending the coast from submarines. The World War II boats were typically 60 to 115 feet (18 to 35 m) long and carried relatively light armament – a few depth charges , one or two small guns and

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