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91-547: Sinaia is about 65 kilometres (40 miles) northwest of Ploiești and 48 kilometres (30 miles) south of Brașov , in a mountainous area on the Prahova River valley, just east of the Bucegi Mountains . The town's altitude varies between 767 to 860 metres (2,516 to 2,822 feet) above sea level . The city is a popular destination for hiking and winter sports, especially downhill skiing. Among the tourist landmarks,

182-579: A continuously growing market, but the pay rate for employees is lower than expected. There are four McDonald's restaurants in Ploiești and three KFCs . The German retailer Tengelmann built a depot in Ploiești to support a €200 million regional expansion plan. With its Interex ( ro ) operation, the French independent retailer Intermarché intends to become a distribution leader in the Balkans. In Romania

273-470: A great loss, without producing any significant delay in operation or production. Soviet Red Army troops captured Ploiești on 24 August 1944. Following the war, the new Communist régime of Romania nationalised the oil industry , which had largely been privately owned, and made massive investments in the oil- and petroleum-industry in a bid to modernise the country and to repair the war damage. The population of Ploiești went from 56,460, as indicated by

364-482: A large pool of professional volunteers . The U.S. has used military conscription , but not since 1973. The Selective Service System retains the power to conscript males, requiring the registration of all male citizens and residents of the U.S. between the ages of 18 and 25. The U.S. Armed Forces are considered the world's most powerful military, especially since the end of the Cold War . The military expenditure of

455-538: A museum of Bucegi Mountains fauna. Sinaia Forever, or the Autumn Festival, is one of the main festivals that takes place in Sinaia. The goal of the festival is to recreate the atmosphere of the 1940s while bringing in modern performers. The festival once took place during the last weekend of September, but was just recently changed to the first weekend of the month. During the festival, the downtown area of Sinaia

546-578: A plain forest, made up predominantly of pedunculate oak trees ( Quercus robur ). Other varieties of oak trees such as the sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ) also existed. Remnants of the old forest still exist and some trees are currently protected, such as two old oak trees in Ghighiu , on the southern periphery of the city. In current times the vegetation is typical of urban settlements, made up of ornamental plants, plantations of chestnuts , aspen and black locust . Parks and other green areas are limited:

637-518: A rapid pace because of the intense economic development of the area. In 1810, during the years of the Ottoman occupation, there were only around 2,024 inhabitants in the present-day city. In 1837 this grew to 3,000 inhabitants, 11 years after the Union in 1859 the population was 26,458, while in 1884 the number stood at 32,000. During the early 20th century, the population of Ploiești grew even more, due to

728-683: A single organization. The mission of Army Aviation is to find, fix and destroy any enemy through fire and maneuver and to provide combat support and combat service support in coordinated operations as an integral member of the combined arms team. Major aircraft include the AH-64 Apache , which serves as the Army's attack helicopter, the UH-60 Black Hawk , and the CH-47 Chinook for troop and cargo transport. Army Aviation also flies

819-458: A special operations force, Army Rangers are generally better equipped than standard infantry, utilizing the FN SCAR rifle. Army Special Forces , commonly known as Green Berets after their iconic headgear, are among the most elite soldiers in the Army. Special Forces conduct: Army Special Forces are trained in military free-fall parachuting and combat diver skillsets. They are considered

910-659: A total length of 415.46 km (258.15 mi); two trolley-bus lines having a total length of 19.9 km (12.4 mi) and two tram lines having a total length of 23.8 km (14.8 mi). Ploiești is home to the Ploiești Philharmonic Orchestra —one of the top-rated philharmonic orchestras in Romania, a prominent football club , FC Petrolul Ploiești , women handball club CSM Ploiești from Liga Națională and basketball team CSU Asesoft . There are many cultural and architectural monuments, including

1001-636: Is 748.2 mm (29.46 in). The city lies on the Wallachian Plain , having an average altitude of 150 m (490 ft). The surrounding landscape is influenced by its position around the Prahova River, whose stream bed lies 25 km (16 mi) to the west. The Teleajen River passes through the city while the Dâmbu River passes through the north-eastern neighbourhoods. The vegetation of Ploiești used to be characterised by

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1092-522: Is a city and county seat in Prahova County , Romania . Part of the historical region of Muntenia , it is located 56 km (35 mi) north of Bucharest . The area of Ploiești is around 60 km (23 sq mi), and it borders the Blejoi commune in the north, Bărcănești and Brazi communes in the south, Târgșoru Vechi commune in the west, and Bucov and Berceni communes in

1183-452: Is also an important transport hub , linking the capital with the regions of Transylvania and Moldavia . The city has direct access to Prahova Valley , one of the most important alpine tourism areas in Romania. WWII refineries (monthly metric tonnes) : Though likely settled much earlier, Ploiești first appeared in documents in the 16th century during the reign of Michael the Brave ,

1274-508: Is closed off to motorized vehicles. It becomes full of people, food stands, and children's rides. The three-day festival consists of the opening parade, concerts from well known musical artists of Romania, and amusement rides. The Eagles of Freedom Plaza ( Romanian : Piațeta „Vulturii Libertatii” ) is a square inaugurated in 2015, dedicated to honoring the memory of 378 American soldiers who lost their lives in Romania during World War II. At

1365-539: Is located is in the Bucegi Natural Park region. The Park covers a total area of 326.63 square kilometres (126.11 sq mi), of which 58.05 km (22.41 sq mi) are under strict protection and contain natural monuments. The Bucegi Natural Preserve area includes all the most precipitous areas of the mountains Vârful cu Dor, Furnica, and Piatra Arsă. The mountainous area is continuously patrolled by mountain rescue patrols as well as by members of

1456-757: Is run by TCE Ploiești and includes an extensive network of buses, trolleybuses and trams/ streetcars . Ploiești's distinctive yellow bus fleet is one of the most modern in Southeastern Europe, providing connections to all areas within the city, for a daily average of 150,000 passengers. The municipal roads comprise over 800 streets with a total length of 324 km (201 mi), 241 km (150 mi) being modern. Around 5,300 vehicles transit Ploiești each day, with East and West ring belts diverting much traffic. The municipal vehicle fleet comprised 256 buses, 36 trams and 25 trolleybuses carrying about 70 millions passengers annually. There are 33 bus lines, with

1547-620: Is situated on the A3 motorway , the main route to Romania's northern and western provinces and the Western EU. Henri Coandă International Airport is 45 km (28 mi) distant, and the ski resorts of the Prahova Valley can be reached in an hour's drive. Ploiești is the second most important railway center in the country after Bucharest , linking Bucharest with Transylvania and Moldavia . The city's public transportation system

1638-621: Is unique in that it is a military branch specializing in maritime operations and also a law enforcement agency. The United States Army (USA) is the United States Armed Forces' land force and is the largest and oldest service. Originally established in 1775 as the Continental Army , it consists of one million soldiers across the Regular Army, Army Reserve , and Army National Guard . The Army serves as

1729-485: Is unique in that it specializes in maritime operations and is also a law enforcement agency. From their inception during the American Revolutionary War , the U.S. Armed Forces have played a decisive role in the country's history . They helped forge a sense of national unity and identity through victories in the early-19th-century First and Second Barbary Wars . They played a critical role in

1820-723: The 10th Mountain Division , 11th Airborne Division , 25th Infantry Division , 82nd Airborne Division , 101st Airborne Division , and 173rd Airborne Brigade have a cavalry squadron equipped with the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle . The Field Artillery's mission is to destroy, suppress or neutralize the enemy by cannon, rocket or missile fire. Rocket systems include the M142 HIMARS and M270 multiple launch rocket system , which are corps-level assets found in field artillery brigades. Towed artillery includes

1911-523: The 11th Airborne Division , 82nd Airborne Division , and 173rd Airborne Brigade are capable of airborne operations, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force's transport aircraft. Finally, Infantry Brigade Combat Teams assigned to the 10th Mountain Division specialize in mountain warfare . Standard Infantry Brigade Combat Teams are assigned to the 25th Infantry Division , which offers additional training in jungle warfare . Armored Brigade Combat Teams comprise mechanized infantry battalions mounted in

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2002-444: The 2021 census data, Ploiești had a population of 180,540. The majority of the inhabitants are ethnic Romanians (90.64%), but a Roma minority (2.4%) is present in several neighborhoods of the city—predominantly Bereasca, Mimiu and Radu de la Afumați. For 6.65% of the population, the ethnicity is unknown. Most of the people living in Ploiești declare themselves as Orthodox Christians (90.7%). The population of Ploiești grew at

2093-400: The 4th Infantry Division . Each Armored Brigade Combat Team also possesses a cavalry squadron equipped with M2 Bradleys for scouting and security. Stryker Brigade Combat Teams from the 2nd Infantry Division , 4th Infantry Division , 11th Airborne Division , 2nd Cavalry Regiment , and 3rd Cavalry Regiment have a cavalry squadron equipped with Strykers . Infantry Brigade Combat Teams from

2184-581: The 75th Ranger Regiment are an elite special operations infantry force in the United States Army Special Operations Command , specializing in air assault and airborne infiltration methods. The three primary missions of the 75th Ranger Regiment are special operations raids , forcible entry operations, such as an airfield seizure to enable the Air Force to bring in more forces, and special reconnaissance . As

2275-748: The British Empire in the American Revolutionary War . These forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the Revolutionary War. The Congress of the Confederation created the current United States Army on 3 June 1784. The United States Congress created the current United States Navy on 27 March 1794 and the current United States Marine Corps on 11 July 1798. All three services trace their origins to their respective Continental predecessors. The 1787 adoption of

2366-659: The Constitution gave Congress the power to "raise and support armies," to "provide and maintain a navy", and to "make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces", as well as the power to declare war . The President of the United States is the United States Armed Forces' commander-in-chief . The United States Coast Guard traces its origin to the formation of the Revenue Cutter Service on 4 August 1790, which merged with

2457-743: The Department of Homeland Security responsible for administering the United States Coast Guard . The military chain of command flows from the President of the United States to the secretary of defense (for services under the Defense Department) or secretary of homeland security (for services under the Department of Homeland Security), ensuring civilian control of the military . Within the Department of Defense,

2548-592: The Department of the Navy , which is a military department under the leadership of the secretary of the Navy and the under secretary of the Navy . The U.S. Marine Corps itself is led by the commandant of the Marine Corps and the assistant commandant of the Marine Corps , both generals who are advised by the sergeant major of the Marine Corps . The Marine Corps statutory mission is outlined in 10 U.S.C.   § 5063 and as originally introduced under

2639-690: The FIM-92 Stinger man-portable air-defense system , AN/TWQ-1 Avenger for short range air defense , and the counter rocket, artillery, and mortar 20mm gun system. The Iron Dome provides air defense against rockets, artillery, mortars, missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The MIM-104 Patriot is capable of defeating a wide range of threats including aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, ballistic and cruise missiles, and Weapons of Mass Destruction. The Terminal High Altitude Area Defense protects strategic critical assets by conducting long-range endo-and-exo-atmospheric engagements of ballistic missiles using

2730-620: The M119 howitzer in infantry brigade combat teams and the M777 howitzer found in both infantry and Stryker brigade combat teams. The M109 self-propelled howitzer is utilized in armored brigade combat teams. During the Cold War, Army field artillery was responsible for the service's ballistic missile programs, including the PGM-11 Redstone , which was the first large ballistic missile in

2821-671: The M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle . Divisions with Armored Brigade Combat Teams include the 1st Infantry Division , 3rd Infantry Division , 4th Infantry Division , 1st Armored Division , and 1st Cavalry Division . Stryker Brigade Combat Teams are centered around Stryker infantry battalions operating out of the Stryker . Divisions with Stryker Brigade Combat Teams include the 2nd Infantry Division , 4th Infantry Division , 11th Airborne Division , 2nd Cavalry Regiment , and 3rd Cavalry Regiment . United States Army Rangers with

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2912-712: The MQ-1C Gray Eagle drone. A specialized unit within Army Aviation, the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne) serves as a special operations unit and operates modified variants of the MH-60 Black Hawk, MH-47 Chinook, and the MH-6 Little Bird . The U.S. Army is organized into four major Army Commands, nine Army Service Component Commands which serve as the Army component and joint force land component commanders for

3003-475: The Marine Corps Reserve . The Marine Corps maintains a very close relationship with the U.S. Navy, its sister service in the Department of the Navy. Although the Marine Corps has previously operated as an independent land force alongside the Army, its primary purpose is to serve as part of a unified naval service alongside the Navy in the maritime domain. The U.S. Marine Corps is organized under

3094-553: The U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps . Each of the different military services is assigned a role and domain. The Army conducts land operations. The Navy and Marine Corps conduct maritime operations, the Marine Corps specializing in amphibious and maritime littoral operations primarily for supporting the Navy. The Air Force conducts air operations. The Space Force conducts space operations. The Coast Guard

3185-851: The United States Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915 to establish the Coast Guard. The United States Air Force was established as an independent service on 18 September 1947; it traces its origin to the formation of the Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps , which was formed 1 August 1907 and was part of the Army Air Forces before being recognized as an independent service in the National Security Act of 1947. The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps

3276-494: The homeland security advisor , and the deputy national security advisor may also be members of the United States Armed Forces. The National Security Council Deputies Committee also includes the deputy secretary of defense , deputy secretary of homeland security , and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Military leadership, including the secretary of defense, the secretary of Homeland Security, and chairman of

3367-603: The joint force land component , Navy components are typically dual-hatted as the joint force maritime component , and Air Force components are typically dual-hatted as the joint force air component , with the theater special operations command dual-hatted as the joint force special operations component, and Space Force component typically dual-hatted as the joint force space component. Combat support agencies are Department of Defense agencies with combat support missions that service operating forces planning or conducting military operations. This includes support during conflict or in

3458-410: The sergeant major of the Army . The Army's primary responsibility is to conduct prompt and sustained land combat as part of the joint force. Army landpower focuses on destroying an enemy's armed forces, occupying its territory, and breaking the will of an adversary. The five core competencies of the Army are: The thirteen specified functions of the Army are: The Infantry Branch forms the core of

3549-584: The territorial evolution of the U.S. , including the American Civil War . The National Security Act of 1947 created the modern U.S. military framework, establishing the National Military Establishment (later the Department of Defense or DoD) headed by the secretary of defense and creating both the U.S. Air Force and National Security Council ; in 1949, an amendment to the act merged the cabinet-level departments of

3640-541: The unified combatant commands , and thirteen direct reporting units. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) serves as the U.S. Armed Forces' naval land force, responsible for executing amphibious warfare and operating in the maritime littorals in support of the U.S. Navy. Originally established in 1775 as the Continental Marines , the Marine Corps consists of the Regular Marine Corps and

3731-555: The world's first large refinery in Ploiești in 1856–1857. History also remembers the city as the site of the self-styled Republic of Ploiești , a short-lived 1870 revolt against the Romanian monarchy . During World War I , Ploiești's oil production made it a target when the Central Powers invaded Romania in 1916 , a British Army operation commanded by Colonel John Griffiths destroying production and sabotaging much of

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3822-491: The 19th Century. The zone extends from the flysch on the north to the Moesian Platform on the south. The zone is marked by alternating deposits of Clay , Marl , Shale and Sand , conglomerate , Salt and Limestone . Structural traps and stratigraphic traps are formed from Salt Diapirism which gave rise to anticline folds and faulting. There are four major alignments of the anticlines, all parallel to

3913-551: The Air Force through its Air and Missile Defense Commands and the Space Force through Army Space and Missile Defense Command, given their shared missile defense and space roles. In 1962, Air Defense Artillery achieved the first intercept of a ballistic missile with a nuclear-tipped Nike Zeus and operated the Nike Zeus as an anti-satellite weapon after completing a successful intercept in 1963. Army Aviation, distinct from

4004-477: The Armed Forces principal land service, responsible for conducting land warfare operations. The U.S. Army is organized under the Department of the Army , which is a military department under the leadership of the secretary of the Army and under secretary of the Army . The U.S. Army itself is led by the chief of staff of the Army and vice chief of staff of the Army , both generals who are advised by

4095-494: The Army , commandant of the Marine Corps , chief of naval operations , chief of staff of the Air Force , chief of space operations , and the chief of the National Guard Bureau . The commandant of the Coast Guard is not an official member of the Joint Chiefs, but sometimes attends meetings as one of the military service chiefs. The senior enlisted advisor to the chairman is the most senior enlisted member in

4186-492: The Army, Navy, and Air Force into the DoD. The president of the U.S. is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and forms military policy with the DoD and Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both federal executive departments , acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out. The U.S. Armed Forces are one of the world's largest military forces in terms of personnel. They draw their personnel from

4277-694: The Carpathian Range. Pliocene sands are the main oil and gas producers, in particular the Meotian (60%) and Dacian (29%), followed by the Miocene Sarmatian (5%) but some oil exists in Miocene Helvetian and Oligocene sandstones. Major producing structures include Moreni-Gura Ocniței, Băicoi-Țintea and Boldești. Ploiești lies in the center of Muntenia , in the central-northern part of the Wallachian Plain . It lies close to

4368-832: The Cultural Palace; the Clock Museum, featuring a collection of clocks and watches gathered by Nicolae Simache; the Oil Museum; the Ploiești Art Museum , donated by the Quintus family; and the Hagi Prodan Museum, dating to 1785: the property of a merchant named Ivan Hagi Prodan, it contains elements of old Romanian architecture and for a short time after World War I it hosted the first museum in Ploiești, "Prahova Museum". In August 2011, Ploiești hosted

4459-518: The December 1912 census, up to 252,715 in January 1992. However, since the fall of Communism , the city's population continues to gently fall due to both emigration and a declining birth rate. At the 2002 census, the population was reduced to 232,527. As of the 2011 census data, Ploiești had a population of 209,945, while the proposed Ploiești metropolitan area would number 266,457 persons. As of

4550-572: The Department of Defense's military departments. The United States Coast Guard is nominally under the Department of Homeland Security , but may be transferred to the Department of Defense's Department of the Navy (which is the civilian entity that oversees the coequal U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Navy) at the direction of the President or Congress. With the exception of the Coast Guard, the military services only organize, train, and equip forces. The unified combatant commands are responsible for operational control of non-service retained forces. Each of

4641-580: The Golden Carpathian European Film & Fair and Goran Bregovic concert. Several prominent writers have been affiliated with the city, including Ion Luca Caragiale , Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea , Ioan A. Bassarabescu , Nichita Stănescu , Geo Bogza , Radu Tudoran , composer Paul Constantinescu and philosopher Petre P. Negulescu . Three graduates of the "Sfinții Petru și Pavel" High school were presidents of

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4732-736: The Joint Chiefs of Staff also sit on the National Space Council . Unified combatant commands are joint military commands consisting of forces from multiple military departments, with their chain of command flowing from the president, to the secretary of defense, to the commanders of the combatant commands. Each service organizes, trains, and equips forces that are then presented to the unified combatant commands through service component commands. Special Operations Command and Cyber Command also present theater special operations commands or joint force headquarters – cyber to other combatant commanders. Army components are typically dual-hatted as

4823-740: The Mountain Police. At the entrance to the Cumpătu district, one can find the “Sinaia alder-tree grove” botanical reservation placed under the protection of the Romanian Academy and the Bucharest Biology Institute. In the same district, there is also another ecological research station under the patronage of UNESCO – Jacques-Yves Cousteau , belonging to the University of Bucharest , which also includes

4914-450: The Prince of Wallachia ( r.  1593–1601 ). It flourished as a center for trade and handicraft-manufacturing in the 17th and 18th centuries. The road connecting Ploiești to Brașov was opened in 1864, and the railway arrived in 1882. Many schools and hospitals date from this period. In the mid-19th century, the region of Ploiești became one of the world's leading oil -extraction and -refinery sites. The Mehedințeanu brothers opened

5005-446: The Romanian Academy: Andrei Rădulescu , Mihai Drăgănescu and Eugen Simion . The first school in Ploiești was opened in 1777 and by 1832 several other elementary schools are opened. Secondary education is first offered in 1864. Ploiești is home to the following universities and colleges: Important secondary schools in Ploiești are: The Mio- Pliocene Zone in the Ploiești region has been exploited for hydrocarbons and coal since

5096-442: The U.S. The U.S. Air Force is the world's largest air force, followed by the U.S. Army Aviation Branch . The U.S. Naval Air Forces is the fourth-largest air arm in the world and is the largest naval aviation service, while U.S. Marine Corps Aviation is the world's seventh-largest air arm. The U.S. Navy is the world's largest navy by tonnage . The U.S. Coast Guard is the world's 12th-largest maritime force. The history of

5187-424: The U.S. Air Force and its predecessors, began as part of the field artillery in 1942. Small spotter planes were used to spot for artillery and naval bombardment, as well as to perform observation. These few aircraft formed the core of Army Aviation once the U.S. Air Force gained independence. In 1983, the Army created the Aviation Branch, for the first time since the Air Force's independence consolidating aviation under

5278-416: The U.S. Armed Forces dates back to 14 June 1775, with the creation of the Continental Army , even before the Declaration of Independence marked the establishment of the United States. The Continental Navy , established on 13 October 1775, and Continental Marines , established on 10 November 1775, were created in close succession by the Second Continental Congress in order to defend the new nation against

5369-451: The U.S. Armed Forces is established in Article II in the Constitution whereby the president is named as the " Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States." The United States Armed Forces are split between two cabinet departments, with the Department of Defense serving as the primary cabinet department for military affairs and

5460-528: The U.S. arsenal, the MGM-31 Pershing , and the Pershing II . In 2023, the Army is intending to field the Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon and has reestablished larger artillery formations like the 56th Artillery Command . The Air Defense Artillery is responsible for defending geopolitical assets and providing maneuver forces with the freedom to move on the battlefield by deterring the enemy and destroying aerial threats, missile attacks, and surveillance platforms. Weapons employed by Air Defense Artillery include

5551-400: The U.S. military and the first new branch in 72 years. The origin of the Space Force can be traced back to the Air Force Space Command , which was formed 1 September 1982 and was a major command of the United States Air Force. The U.S. Congressional Research Office annually publishes a List of Notable Deployments of U.S. Military Forces Overseas since 1798. Presidential command over

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5642-404: The U.S. was US$ 916 billion in 2023, the highest in the world, accounting for 37% of the world's defense expenditures . The U.S. Armed Forces has significant capabilities in both defense and power projection due to its large budget, resulting in advanced and powerful technologies which enable widespread deployment of the force around the world, including around 800 military bases outside

5733-406: The United States Armed Forces. Leadership of the Armed Forces, to include the president of the United States, the secretary of defense , the secretary of Homeland Security and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are members of the United States National Security Council , which advises the president on national security, military, and foreign policy matters. The national security advisor ,

5824-405: The beginning of the season. Winters are moderately cold, with heavy snow. A uniform layer of snow is deposited usually in November and it melts from March to April, sometimes at the beginning of May. The thickness of the snow layer varies between 20 centimeters (7.9 in) and 3 meters (9.8 ft) in higher elevations. In recent years, Sinaia has felt the effects of global climate change. In

5915-437: The capital city Bucharest and it had close connections with the capital city throughout the centuries. Ploiești lies at the 25°E meridian and the 44°55’N parallel (north). The city occupies a total surface of around 60 km (23 sq mi), out of which 35 km (14 sq mi) is suburban settlements. There exist two rivers in the proximity of the city: the Prahova River , on the south-west, briefly passes through

6006-409: The city through the Brazi settlement and the Teleajen River passes through the Blejoi , Bucov , Berceni villages. The city lies on Dâmbu River , which springs from the hills around the Băicoi town. Nowadays the Dâmbu River does not have a high flow rate. The climate is similar to that of the nation's capital, Bucharest . According to the Köppen climate classification , the city falls within

6097-509: The conduct of other military activities related to countering threats to U.S. national security. This mission is focused on providing support to echelons at the CCMD level and below and may not encompass the full scope of the CSA's mission. The United States Armed Forces is composed of six coequal military service branches. Five of the branches, the United States Army , United States Marine Corps , United States Navy , United States Air Force , and United States Space Force , are organized under

6188-504: The construction of the new food plant is part of this plan. In 1950, as a milestone in the development of the petroleum, hydrocarbon processing , and petrochemical industries , the Engineering and Design Institute for Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants , SC IPIP SA , a Romanian company with a large range of capabilities and experience, was established at Ploiești. In Ploiești there are four local television channels: Ploiești TV, Valea Prahovei TV, Wyll TV and Prahova TV. Ploiești

6279-401: The different military services is assigned a role and domain. The U.S. Army conducts land operations, while the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps conduct maritime operations, with the Marine Corps specializing in amphibious and maritime littoral operations in support of the Navy. The U.S. Air Force conducts air operations, while the U.S. Space Force conducts space operations. The U.S. Coast Guard

6370-402: The east. According to the 2021 census , Ploiești is the tenth most populous city in the country with a population of 180,540. The city grew beginning with the 17th century on an estate bought by ruler Michael the Brave from the local landlords, gradually replacing nearby Wallachian fairs of Târgșor , Gherghița , and Bucov. Its development was accelerated by heavy industrialisation during

6461-447: The expansion of the petrol industry. Even though the city was bombed during World War II, the population of Ploiești recovered, numbering 95,632 inhabitants in January 1948. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Ploiești experienced rapid economic loss. The city is situated at just 60 km (37 mi) north of Bucharest , with promising infrastructure projects currently underway. It is a strong industrial center, focused especially on

6552-492: The first Interex store was opened in June 2002 in Ploiești. The Interex depot and facilities were bought by Penny Market XXL in 2014. Unilever has a detergent plant in Ploiești. By transferring their food production to Ploiești, the company will concentrate all its activities in Romania at the same location. At the beginning of March 2006, Unilever announced they would invest money to build one production center in Romania, and

6643-485: The giant redwood ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) from the garden of the "Paul Constantinescu" museum. There also exist trees that have adapted to the local climate, such as figs . In some neighbourhoods more fruit trees and flowers are currently being planted. The Ploiești Town Council, elected in the 2020 local elections , is made up of 27 councillors, with the following party composition: There exist approximatively 88,104 flats that are located in 21,172 buildings. 93% of

6734-575: The heart of the plaza stands the Book of Americans , a marble monument inscribed with the names of these fallen soldiers. Originally created in 1999, the monument was previously located on the outskirts of the Heroes Cemetery but has since been relocated to this new, more prominent site. A commemorative plaque is also present, honoring the heroic sacrifice of the American soldiers and celebrating

6825-767: The historic bonds of friendship between the Romanian and American people. The inauguration of the plaza was attended by Sinaia's Mayor, Vlad Oprea, the United States Defense Attaché to Romania, Colonel Paul T. Matier, and the Dutch Ambassador to Bucharest , Mr. Matthijs van Bonzel. Sinaia is twinned with: Ploie%C8%99ti Ploiești ( UK : / p l ɔɪ ˈ ɛ ʃ t i / ploy- ESH -tee , US : / p l ɔː ˈ j ɛ ʃ t ( i )/ plaw- YESHT -ee , Romanian: [ploˈjeʃtʲ] ), formerly spelled Ploești ,

6916-451: The households have access to clean water, 90% have access to the sewage network, 98% have access to electricity and 78% are connected to the district heating system. The metropolitan area of Ploiești comprises 13 satellite towns. The area will become an important transit for two Pan-European motorway and rail corridors. The central administration of the area will coordinate the communication and transport networks, technological development and

7007-516: The infrastructure of the industry. Although badly damaged after the November 1940 earthquake , the city functioned as a significant source of oil for Nazi Germany during much of World War II . The Allies made Ploiești a target of the oil campaign of World War II and bombed it repeatedly, such as during the HALPRO (Halverson Project, June 1942) and Operation Tidal Wave (1 August 1943) at

7098-532: The main boulevard area, the park next to the Sala Sporturilor, the park from the northern part of the city, the "Mihai Viteazul" park and another park next to the Bucov barrier. These occupy only around 85.5 ha (211 acres), resulting in 3.2 m (34 sq ft) of green space per inhabitant. Around the city one can also observe several endangered trees, which are protected by law. These include

7189-482: The mid-19th century, with the world's first large-scale petroleum refinery being opened between 1856 and 1857. Following massive exploitation of the oil deposits in the area, Ploiești earned the nickname of "the Capital of Black Gold". In the present, a significant part of its economic activity is still based on oil processing, the city having three large refineries and other industries related to this branch. Ploiești

7280-471: The military departments ( Department of the Army , United States Department of the Navy , and Department of the Air Force ) are civilian led entities that oversee the coequal military service branches organized within each department. The military departments and services are responsible for organizing, training, and equipping forces, with the actual chain of command flowing through the unified combatant commands . The Joint Chiefs of Staff , although outside

7371-584: The most important are Peleș Castle , Pelișor Castle , Sinaia Monastery , Sinaia Casino , Sinaia train station , and the Franz Joseph and Saint Anne Cliffs . Sinaia was also the summer residence of the Romanian composer George Enescu , who stayed at the Luminiș villa. Sinaia has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Dfb in the Köppen climate classification ). Summers are bracing and very rainy at

7462-685: The most versatile special operations force in the entire world, operating as a multi-purpose force since 1952. The Armor Branch traces its history back to the United States Cavalry and are responsible for tank and cavalry reconnaissance operations. The U.S. Army fields the M1 Abrams main battle tank in Armored Battalions as part of Armored Brigade Combat Teams across the 1st Armored Division , 1st Cavalry Division , 1st Infantry Division , 3rd Infantry Division , and

7553-875: The oil production and refining industry. Although oil production in the region is declining steadily, there is still a thriving processing industry with four operating oil refineries , linked by pipelines to Bucharest , the Black Sea port of Constanța and the Danube port of Giurgiu . Ploiești also has a long history as a textile manufacturing center. The city has become a hub of foreign investment. Companies such as OMV - Petrom , Lukoil , Shell Gas , Timken , Yazaki , Coca-Cola , Efes Pilsener , British American Tobacco , Federal-Mogul , and Interbrew have operations there, and retailers like Carrefour , Metro , Selgros , Kaufland , Billa , Bricostore , Lidl , Obi , Auchan , Profi , and Mega Image have found in Ploiești

7644-400: The operational chain of command, is the senior-most military body in the United States Armed Forces. It is led by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , who is the military head of the armed forces and principal advisor to the president and secretary of defense on military matters. Their deputy is the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Other members include the chief of staff of

7735-540: The reduction of the carbon footprint. Ploiești is twinned with: United States Armed Forces The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States . The armed forces consist of six service branches : the Army , Marine Corps , Navy , Air Force , Space Force , and Coast Guard . All six armed services are among the eight uniformed services of the United States , along with

7826-780: The service's land combat power. U.S. Army infantry are generally equipped with the M4 carbine and M249 light machine gun , which will be replaced by the XM7 rifle and XM250 . Infantry is a core part of the Army's Brigade Combat Teams . The most numerous variant, the Infantry Brigade Combat Team, comprises light infantry battalions who fight on foot. Infantry Brigade Combat Teams of the 82nd Airborne Division are air assault capable, with infantry soldiers being transported by U.S. Army Aviation UH-60 Black Hawk and CH-47 Chinook helicopters. Infantry Brigade Combat Teams of

7917-699: The temperate humid continental climate (Dfa) of the hot summer type. The average annual temperature is 10.5 °C (50.9 °F), with record minimum registered on 25 January 1952 of −30 °C (−22 °F) while record maximum was registered on 19 July 2007 of 43 °C (109 °F). On average, around 17 days are very cold, 26 cold, 99 warm and 30 tropical, while the rest have a moderate temperature. Average annual precipitations are 600 mm (24 in); 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) in January and 88 mm (3.5 in) in June. Precipitations range between 963.9 mm (37.95 in) registered in 1901 and 305.3 mm (12.02 in) registered in 1930. Throughout

8008-660: The town of Sinaia and its surroundings restrictions are in place regarding cutting down or picking flora . The felling of trees is not allowed. It is forbidden to pick any alpine plants. Severe punishments are enforced for anyone who gathers : the Mountain Peony ( Rhododendron Kotsky ), Edelweiss ( Leontopodium alpinum ), and the Yellow Gentiana ( Gentiana lutea ). Tourist camping is only authorized in designated places, following necessary and compulsory protection standards. The mountainous area in which Sinaia

8099-506: The world's largest air-transportable X-band radar. The Ground-Based Midcourse Defense is an anti-ballistic missile system operated by Army Space and Missile Defense Command to defend the United States homeland against an intercontinental ballistic missile attack. Major Air Defense Artillery units include the 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command and Army Space and Missile Defense Command's 100th Missile Defense Brigade . Air Defense Artillery has an extremely close relationship with

8190-484: The year, there are on average 104 days with rain, 26 with snow, 112 with clear skies, 131 with clouds and 122 with no sunshine. The climate of Ploiești is influenced by the winds coming from north-east (40%) and south-east (23%), having an average speed of 3.1 m/s (10 ft/s). On average, there are 11 days throughout the year with wind speed exceeding 11 m/s (36 ft/s) and only two days characterised by winds over 16 m/s (52 ft/s). Atmospheric pressure

8281-405: Was formerly considered to be a branch of the United States Armed Forces from 29 July 1945 until 3 July 1952, and is now one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Should it be called into active duty again, it would constitute a seventh branch of the Armed Forces. The United States Space Force was established as an independent service on 20 December 2019. It is the sixth branch of

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