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73-711: The Singapore Conference Hall ( abbreviation : SCH ), formerly the Singapore Conference Hall and Trade Union House , is a multipurpose building in Shenton Way , Singapore . Designed in modernist style, the SCH is five stories tall and capped with a cantilevered V-shaped roof. The SCH houses the Singapore Chinese Orchestra (SCO); the concert hall has a capacity of 831 people. It was the first post-colonial building to be gazetted as

146-409: A 100% slope) would give an angle of 45° from the horizontal. Rakes of 1 in 18 (5.56%) to 1 in 48 (2.08%) were more common. Converting the rake ratio to an angle requires the application of some basic trigonometry. The angle in degrees = arctan(vertical/horizontal), where "vertical" is the vertical rise in distance and "horizontal" is the horizontal distance over which this rise occurs. For example, for

219-408: A few examples, there is Aldi , from Theo Albrecht , the name of its founder, followed by discount ; Haribo , from Hans Riegel , the name of its founder, followed by Bonn , the town of its head office; and Adidas , from Adolf "Adi" Dassler , the nickname of its founder followed by his surname. Rake (theatre) A rake or raked stage is a theatre stage that slopes upwards, away from

292-405: A maximum capacity of 1000 people, and the seats and the stage could be rearranged in three configurations for conference and concert purposes. The auditorium has a sloped raked section and a flat section. The U-shaped configuration could seat 265 people on the flat floor, 492 people on the sloped section, and 50 people on the stage. During plenary sessions when the speakers were mainly on the stage,

365-663: A national monument in Singapore. The SCH was initially constructed to house the various trade unions in Singapore as part of a 1959 election promise by the People's Action Party . The building design by the Malayan Architects Co-Partnership was selected through a competition held by the government in 1962. Completed in October 1965, the SCH hosted various conferences and exhibitions in addition to being

438-480: A person's name, such as Migjeni —an abbreviation from his original name ( Millosh Gjergj Nikolla ) a famous Albanian poet and writer—or ASDRENI ( Aleksander Stavre Drenova ), another famous Albanian poet. Other such names which are used commonly in recent decades are GETOAR, composed from Gegeria + Tosks (representing the two main dialects of the Albanian language, Gegë and Toskë), and Arbanon —which

511-555: A plural of an initialization without an apostrophe can also be used for a number, or a letter. Examples: For units of measure, the same form is used for both singular and plural. Examples: When an abbreviation contains more than one period, Hart's Rules recommends putting the s after the final one. Examples: However, the same plurals may be rendered less formally as: According to Hart's Rules , an apostrophe may be used in rare cases where clarity calls for it, for example when letters or symbols are referred to as objects. However,

584-485: A rake of 1:18, the corresponding angle is arctan(1/18) = 3.18°. Theatres constructed after the beginning of the 20th century feature a raked audience section. This change back to the method of construction seen in Greek and Roman theaters (flat stage and terraced audience) was effected due to the difficulty encountered when one tries to walk across a sloped surface, which had resulted in unnatural movement patterns to avoid

657-557: A single letter and was originally spelled with lower case letters then there is no need for capitalization. However, when abbreviating a phrase where only the first letter of each word is taken, then all letters should be capitalized, as in YTD for year-to-date , PCB for printed circuit board and FYI for for your information . However, see the following section regarding abbreviations that have become common vocabulary: these are no longer written with capital letters. A period (a.k.a. full stop)

730-517: A symbol such as "km" for " kilometre ". In the International System of Units (SI) manual the word "symbol" is used consistently to define the shorthand used to represent the various SI units of measure. The manual also defines the way in which units should be written , the principal rules being: A syllabic abbreviation is usually formed from the initial syllables of several words, such as Interpol = International + police . It

803-738: A word to a single letter was common in both Greek and Roman writing. In Roman inscriptions, "Words were commonly abbreviated by using the initial letter or letters of words, and most inscriptions have at least one abbreviation". However, "some could have more than one meaning, depending on their context. (For example, ⟨A⟩ can be an abbreviation for many words, such as ager , amicus , annus , as , Aulus , Aurelius , aurum , and avus .)" Many frequent abbreviations consisted of more than one letter: for example COS for consul and COSS for its nominative etc. plural consules . Abbreviations were frequently used in early English . Manuscripts of copies of

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876-568: Is a syllabic abbreviation of Commonwealth and (Thomas) Edison . Sections of California are also often colloquially syllabically abbreviated, as in NorCal (Northern California), CenCal (Central California), and SoCal (Southern California). Additionally, in the context of Los Angeles, the syllabic abbreviation SoHo (Southern Hollywood) refers to the southern portion of the Hollywood neighborhood. Partially syllabic abbreviations are preferred by

949-533: Is a variant of the acronym. Syllabic abbreviations are usually written using lower case , sometimes starting with a capital letter , and are always pronounced as words rather than letter by letter. Syllabic abbreviations should be distinguished from portmanteaus , which combine two words without necessarily taking whole syllables from each. Syllabic abbreviations are not widely used in English. Some UK government agencies such as Ofcom (Office of Communications) and

1022-777: Is an alternative way used to describe all Albanian lands. Syllabic abbreviations were and are common in German ; much like acronyms in English, they have a distinctly modern connotation, although contrary to popular belief, many date back to before 1933 , if not the end of the Great War . Kriminalpolizei , literally criminal police but idiomatically the Criminal Investigation Department of any German police force, begat KriPo (variously capitalised), and likewise Schutzpolizei ( protection police or uniform department ) begat SchuPo . Along

1095-438: Is by Meyer Sounds , addressing previous complaints about reverberation and deteriorating sound quality for seats at the back of the hall. Wee Chwee Heng of The Straits Budget praised the jury's "foresight and courage" in selecting the winning design in 1962. Wee called the building as a "showpiece" for the people to be proud of and a "fitting monument" for the trade unions with its dedication to socialist ideals. When inspecting

1168-428: Is capped with a cantilevered roof and terraces, which are supported by concrete columns. The V-shaped roof collects rainwater which drains through the central downpipe. The interior walls and ceilings are crafted from local timber such as merbau and mersawa, serving as an expression of local identity. The walls are also covered with mosaic tiles of Malay mat patterns, some retained from previous renovations. Provisions on

1241-432: Is closer to the audience. This led to the theatre positions "upstage" and "downstage", meaning, respectively, farther from or closer to the audience. The term " upstaging " refers to one actor moving to a more elevated position on the rake (stage), causing the upstaged actor (who stays more downstage, closer to the audience) to turn their back to the audience to address the cast member. The term "upstaging" has since taken on

1314-418: Is controversy as to which should be used. One generally accepted rule is to be consistent in a body of work. To this end, publishers may express their preferences in a style guide . Some controversies that arise are described below. If the original word was capitalized then the first letter of its abbreviation should retain the capital, for example Lev. for Leviticus . When a word is abbreviated to more than

1387-449: Is not used for such shortened forms. A contraction is an abbreviation formed by replacing letters with an apostrophe. Examples include I'm for I am and li'l for little . An initialism or acronym is an abbreviation consisting of the initial letter of a sequence of words without other punctuation. For example, FBI ( /ˌɛf.biːˈaɪ/ ), USA ( /ˌjuː.ɛsˈeɪ/ ), IBM ( /ˌaɪ.biːˈɛm/ ), BBC ( /ˌbiː.biːˈsiː/ ). When initialism

1460-405: Is positioned on an upwards slope away from the stage, in order to give those in the audience at the back a better view than if the seats were all on the same level. The slope of the rake is measured by the number of horizontal units it takes for one vertical unit measured in the direction of the slope , or by the equivalent percentage. A rake of one horizontal unit to one vertical unit (1 in 1, or

1533-695: Is sometimes used to signify abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this convention is best practice. According to Hart's Rules , a word shortened by dropping letters from the end terminates with a period, whereas a word shorted by dropping letters from the middle does not. Fowler's Modern English Usage says a period is used for both of these shortened forms, but recommends against this practice: advising it only for end-shortened words and lower-case initialisms; not for middle-shortened words and upper-case initialisms. Some British style guides, such as for The Guardian and The Economist , disallow periods for all abbreviations. In American English ,

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1606-584: Is typically US . There are multiple ways to pluralize an abbreviation. Sometimes this accomplished by adding an apostrophe and an s ( 's ), as in "two PC's have broken screens". But, some find this confusing since the notation can indicate possessive case . And, this style is deprecated by many style guides. For instance, Kate Turabian , writing about style in academic writings, allows for an apostrophe to form plural acronyms "only when an abbreviation contains internal periods or both capital and lowercase letters". For example, "DVDs" and "URLs" and "Ph.D.'s", while

1679-522: Is used as the preferred term, acronym refers more specifically to when the abbreviation is pronounced as a word rather than as separate letters; examples include SWAT and NASA . Initialisms, contractions and crasis share some semantic and phonetic functions, and are connected by the term abbreviation in loose parlance. In early times, abbreviations may have been common due to the effort involved in writing (many inscriptions were carved in stone) or to provide secrecy via obfuscation . Reduction of

1752-576: The Modern Language Association explicitly says, "do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of an abbreviation". Also, the American Psychological Association specifically says, "without an apostrophe". However, the 1999 style guide for The New York Times states that the addition of an apostrophe is necessary when pluralizing all abbreviations, preferring "PC's, TV's and VCR's". Forming

1825-690: The Old English poem Beowulf used many abbreviations, for example the Tironian et ( ⁊ ) or & for and , and y for since , so that "not much space is wasted". The standardisation of English in the 15th through 17th centuries included a growth in the use of such abbreviations. At first, abbreviations were sometimes represented with various suspension signs, not only periods. For example, sequences like ⟨er⟩ were replaced with ⟨ɔ⟩ , as in mastɔ for master and exacɔbate for exacerbate . While this may seem trivial, it

1898-503: The audience . Such a design was typical of English theatre in the Middle Ages and early Modern era, and improves the view and sound for spectators. It also helps with the illusion of perspective . When features of the scenery are made to align with a notional vanishing point beyond the rear of the stage, the rake supports the illusion. These elements of scenery are termed raking pieces . Raked seating refers to seating which

1971-459: The 1990s led to a marked rise in colloquial abbreviation. This was due largely to increasing popularity of textual communication services such as instant and text messaging. The original SMS supported message lengths of 160 characters at most (using the GSM 03.38 character set), for instance. This brevity gave rise to an informal abbreviation scheme sometimes called Textese , with which 10% or more of

2044-485: The 1997's observance of World Religion Day had to be held elsewhere. Renovation works began in September 1999 and was completed in 2001 for only S$ 14.7 million. The SCO held its first concert at the SCH on 27 July that year, which was attended by 800 people. The pieces performed included Eulogising The General , Panoramic South , Fisherman's Story and Legend Of Narcissus. A subsequent concert on 22 September marked

2117-623: The 1999 renovation "greatly changed" the SCH, especially with air conditioning installed and some of the mosaic tiles dismantled. When interviewed about the designation, Lim Chong Keat expressed "no reaction". Nevertheless, Ho Weng Hin from the Singapore Heritage Society felt the designation "was better late than never" and that it could indicate greater focus on preserving other modern buildings in Singapore. The SCH continues to host other events besides SCO concerts. The state funeral for former deputy prime minister Goh Keng Swee

2190-515: The 2001 renovation, and the SCH reopened on 26 January 2018. The building is situated at 7 Shenton Way, which is located near the junction with Straits Boulevard and Maxwell Road. It is adjacent to the Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre, and is near commercial developments such as OUE Downtown and V on Shenton . The land lot spans 3 acres (12,000 m), and the building measures 210 by 140 feet (64 by 43 m). At

2263-454: The 2017 renovation. The stage measures 17.41 by 11.41 metres (57.1 by 37.4 ft). Two staircases, which were demolished in the 2000 renovation, were reinstated with two link bridges to allow wheelchair-users to take the lift directly to the concert hall. While the original auditorium was not designed for theatrical performances, the loudspeakers were specially positioned so its acoustics were on par with other halls. The current acoustic system

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2336-661: The 20th century. The contractions in Newspeak are supposed to have a political function by virtue of their abbreviated structure itself: nice sounding and easily pronounceable, their purpose is to mask all ideological content from the speaker. A more recent syllabic abbreviation has emerged with the disease COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (itself frequently abbreviated to SARS-CoV-2 , partly an initialism). In Albanian, syllabic acronyms are sometimes used for composing

2409-631: The Malaysian capital of Kuala Lumpur after the merger . Byrne asserted that Singapore would remain a significant international hub in Southeast Asia, justifying the facility's necessity. Construction of the Trade Union House began on 9 August 1962 with the laying of a building's foundation stone by a low-ranking trade unionist. The ceremony was attended by Byrne, NTUC secretary Devan Nair , home affairs minister Ong Pang Boon and

2482-539: The PMB considered that "its history was closely intertwined with Singapore's path towards independence in 1965". A few interviewed by The Straits Times expressed confusion as the SCH was relatively unknown among the Singapore public. Heritage conservationists, however, felt the designation was too late. Lai Chee Kien, an assistant professor of architecture at the National University of Singapore, pointed out that

2555-464: The SCH "stood majestically alone" in historical photos, Lui noted how the surrounding skyscrapers "put (the SCH) in the shade", and called for a proper restoration of the building. The original building architect Lim Chong Keat described the alterations as "violations" and felt he should have been consulted for the renovations. Sean Lim wrote in a 2017 commentary that the SCH "represented the hospitable face of

2628-521: The SCH's 50th anniversary in 2015, the SCO organised events including a picture exhibition, a community concert, a building tour and a talk by Lim Chong Keat. The SCH was renovated again from July 2017 to March 2018. These included restoring the two staircases, expanding the stage, and improving wheelchair accessibility to the concert hall. An SCO concert Rhapsodies of Spring 2018: Home for the New Year marked

2701-679: The SCH, including the "Keep Singapore Clean" campaign in 1968, the National Courtesy Campaign in June 1979, and the Speak Mandarin Campaign in September. The SCH was also the nomination centre for Singapore's first presidential election in 1993. In a 1991 May Day speech, first deputy prime minister Goh Chok Tong announced that NTUC would move to a new location in Marina South as the Trade Union House

2774-768: The US Navy, as they increase readability amidst the large number of initialisms that would otherwise have to fit into the same acronyms. Hence DESRON 6 is used (in the full capital form) to mean "Destroyer Squadron 6", while COMNAVAIRLANT would be "Commander, Naval Air Force (in the) Atlantic". Syllabic abbreviations are a prominent feature of Newspeak , the fictional language of George Orwell 's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four . The political contractions of Newspeak— Ingsoc (English Socialism), Minitrue (Ministry of Truth), Miniplenty ( Ministry of Plenty )—are described by Orwell as similar to real examples of German ( see below ) and Russian ( see below ) contractions in

2847-460: The apostrophe can be dispensed with if the items are set in italics or quotes: In Latin, and continuing to the derivative forms in European languages as well as English, single-letter abbreviations had the plural being a doubling of the letter for note-taking. Most of these deal with writing and publishing. A few longer abbreviations use this as well. Publications based in the U.S. tend to follow

2920-416: The appearance of limping caused by the non-level surface. Raked stages can still be seen in some opera , Broadway and West End productions, where a temporary raked acting surface is built over a theatre's permanent flat stage. Creating a raked stage can also assist set designs which are designed with forced perspective. On a raked stage an actor who is further from the audience is higher than an actor who

2993-442: The building model, Law Minister K. M. Byrne echoed that it would be a building Singapore could take pride in, and later stated his intentions for the building "to be a monument to the status and dignity of labour". In 2011, when the SCH was designated as a national monument, John Lui of The Straits Times criticised the building as a "humdrum" and felt the "boxy structure" of the building had not aged well. While acknowledging that

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3066-480: The entrance, a sign displays "Dewan Persidangan Singapura" – the Malay name of the building. The building was designed in modernist style by three architects from the Malayan Architects Co-Partnership – Chan Voon Fee, William Lim, and Lim Chong Keat . The SCH is five stories tall and air-conditioned, with a natural ventilation system integrated into the building design due to Singapore's tropical climate. The building

3139-504: The flat floor could accommodate 465 people. During concerts, the flat floor could seat 530 people, with space available for standees and two VIP boxes. A public address system and tape recording facilities were installed in the auditorium, with the sound control room adjacent to the projection room at the back on the third floor (renumbered fourth floor). The 70 microphones and 600 wireless receivers could be flexibly rearranged for simultaneous translation services. Translator booths to control

3212-621: The following year. The Trade Union House opened on 15 October 1965, with an inauguration ceremony by prime minister Lee Kuan Yew . Also in attendance were Nair, who was called by his supporters to remain in Singapore, NTUC members, trade unionists from other nations in Africa and Asia, and other government leaders. The Trade Union House and Singapore Conference Hall has hosted significant events, including state banquets for visiting Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi in 1968 and U.S. vice-president Spiro T. Agnew in 1970. The 1971 Commonwealth summit

3285-428: The former Oftel (Office of Telecommunications) use this style. New York City has various neighborhoods named by syllabic abbreviation, such as Tribeca (Triangle below Canal Street) and SoHo (South of Houston Street). This usage has spread into other American cities, giving SoMa , San Francisco (South of Market) and LoDo, Denver (Lower Downtown), amongst others. Chicago -based electric service provider ComEd

3358-456: The globally popular term OK generally credited as a remnant of its influence. Over the years, however, the lack of convention in some style guides has made it difficult to determine which two-word abbreviations should be abbreviated with periods and which should not. This question is considered below. Widespread use of electronic communication through mobile phones and the Internet during

3431-529: The government. While Wee Toon Boon – Byrne's parliamentary secretary – said that the House would be open to all, he emphasized that it would not be used for pro-Communist activities. Lim Yew Hock from the Alliance called the house as a "sop" to appease workers and suggested unions could fund their own house. Lim argued against investing in a conference hall, believing international conferences would instead move to

3504-557: The headquarters of the National Trade Union Congress (NTUC). After the NTUC expanded and moved out of the SCH, the building was renovated and repurposed to be the SCO's permanent home, and the SCH reopened in 2001. The SCH continues to host other events, including the state funeral for former deputy prime minister Goh Keng Swee in 2010. Another renovation took place in 2017, restoring two staircases demolished in

3577-407: The inauguration of the Singapore Chinese Orchestra (SCO) Company on 24 June 1996, Lee Hsien Loong , deputy prime minister and the SCO's first patron, announced that the SCH would be renovated and repurposed to be SCO's permanent home. The renovation was expected to cost S$ 22 million, with the government providing an annual grant to the SCO for its operations and growth. As a result of the renovation,

3650-489: The labour movement in Singapore. The Trade Union House would have a library and recreation facilities, modelled upon Britain's Trade Union House and union headquarters in other nations. The former site of the Saint Andrew's School on Armenian Street was initially chosen in October 1960. In May 1961, Labour and Law Minister K. M. Byrne announced that the Trade Union House would be built on Shenton Way instead, with

3723-427: The lower ground, which can be used for meetings, presentations, launches, rehearsals, exhibitions and ensemble performances, has a maximum capacity of 150 people and can be partitioned into three rooms. The three practice halls can be combined and accommodate up to 100 people. A VIP lounge is directly linked to the concert hall via a lift. The original auditorium, located on the second floor (renumbered third floor), had

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3796-474: The nation" as it hosted various foreign dignitaries such as Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi . Lim also commented that the building "evokes a wave of nostalgia" for many Singaporeans as plenty had attended various ceremonies or events held at the SCH. As part of the People’s Action Party (PAP) five-year plan for Singapore during the 1959 general election , a trade union house was announced to unite

3869-401: The official reopening of the SCH and the SCO's fifth anniversary, and was attended by Lee as its guest-of-honour. Several new local compositions were showcased, including The Festival Overture by Phoon Yew Tien . The Preservation of Monuments Board (PMB) designated the SCH as a national monument on 27 December 2010; it was the first post-colonial building to be gazetted. The SCH was chosen as

3942-487: The period is usually included regardless of whether or not it is a contraction, e.g. Dr. or Mrs. . In some cases, periods are optional, as in either US or U.S. for United States , EU or E.U. for European Union , and UN or U.N. for United Nations . There are some house styles, however—American ones included—that remove the periods from almost all abbreviations. For example: Acronyms that were originally capitalized (with or without periods) but have since entered

4015-414: The plans already in the "well advanced stage". In addition to facilities for the trade unions, Byrne envisioned that the building would also host civic activities and international conferences. In June, the government held a design competition with leading architects Ng Keng Siang and Tio Seng Chi as the judges. Architects in Singapore and Malaya were invited to submit their proposals for the building, which

4088-615: The president of the Industrial Arbitration Court Charles Gamba among other government leaders and trade unionists. The building structure was completed in July 1964, and the building was expected to be completed by the end of that year. However, due to the building's "complicated nature", the Ministry of National Development later announced that the conference hall would only be completed by February of

4161-405: The reopening of the SCH to the public on 26 January 2018. The concert was hosted by Singapore's prominent artistes Mark Lee and Chen Biyu. Abbreviation An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word with a trailing period. For example: etcetera is usually abbreviated etc. and abbreviation is sometimes abbreviated abbr. , abbrv. , or abbrev. . But sometimes the trailing period

4234-412: The roof allowed for a penthouse and garden to be built. When initially constructed, the building included administrative and secretarial rooms, meeting halls, canteens, a reception hall and a lounge. At the centre of the building is the concourse which serves as an assembly area, and can be used for hosting exhibitions or events held before or after the concert. The atrium was naturally ventilated until it

4307-835: The same lines, the Swiss Federal Railways' Transit Police—the Transportpolizei —are abbreviated as the TraPo . With the National Socialist German Workers' Party gaining power came a frenzy of government reorganisation, and with it a series of entirely new syllabic abbreviations. The single national police force amalgamated from the Schutzpolizeien of the various states became the OrPo ( Ordnungspolizei , "order police");

4380-401: The secret police) and VoPo for Volkspolizei . The phrase politisches Büro , which may be rendered literally as "office of politics" or idiomatically as "political party steering committee", became Politbüro . Syllabic abbreviations are not only used in politics, however. Many business names, trademarks, and service marks from across Germany are created on the same pattern: for

4453-488: The six-channel translation services were on the left of the Hall, while rooms for radio and TV commentators were on the right. A lighting gallery was on the top floor. The doors of the auditorium are sound-proof. The current concert hall has a capacity of 831 people – 333 stall seats, 462 circle seats and 18 seats in each of the two galleries. There were previously 869 seats, but some had to be removed for an expanded stage during

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4526-556: The state KriPos together formed the "SiPo" ( Sicherheitspolizei , "security police"); and there was also the Gestapo ( Geheime Staatspolizei , "secret state police"). The new order of the German Democratic Republic in the east brought about a conscious denazification , but also a repudiation of earlier turns of phrase in favour of neologisms such as Stasi for Staatssicherheit ("state security",

4599-546: The style guides of The Chicago Manual of Style and the Associated Press . The U.S. government follows a style guide published by the U.S. Government Printing Office . The National Institute of Standards and Technology sets the style for abbreviations of units. Many British publications follow some of these guidelines in abbreviation: Writers often use shorthand to denote units of measure. Such shorthand can be an abbreviation, such as "in" for " inch " or can be

4672-428: The top floor. The building now includes a resource library, a score library, an exhibition hall, a Sistic ticket office, three backstage practice halls and 15 studios. A music school and a preschool are also housed in the SCH. Most of the facilities, excluding the libraries, are available for rent by the public, allowing the Singapore Chinese Orchestra (SCO) to generate income for its operations. The exhibition hall at

4745-516: The vocabulary as generic words are no longer written with capital letters nor with any periods. Examples are sonar , radar , lidar , laser , snafu , and scuba . When an abbreviation appears at the end of a sentence, only one period is used: The capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. In the past, some initialisms were styled with a period after each letter and a space between each pair. For example, U. S. , but today this

4818-464: The words in a typical SMS message are abbreviated. More recently Twitter, a popular social networking service , began driving abbreviation use with 140 character message limits. In HTML , abbreviations can be annotated using < abbr title = "Meaning of the abbreviation." > abbreviation </ abbr > to reveal its meaning by hovering the cursor . In modern English, there are multiple conventions for abbreviation, and there

4891-409: Was also held at this venue – the first summit to be held outside of London. The SCH was the venue of the "Mr. Singapore" 1968 contest. A state banquet celebrating the 150th anniversary of Singapore's founding was also held on 8 August 1969 with Princess Alexandra in attendance. The NTUC also held its May Day rallies and delegates' conferences at the venue. Several government initiatives were launched at

4964-683: Was called to be "imposing in character". Among 16 submissions, the government selected the design by the Malayan Architects Co-Partnership in March 1962. The top three submissions received cash prizes. The government's motion for a S$ 1.5 million fund for the S$ 4 million building was resisted by the opposition in December 1961. Inche Mohamed Alwi from the Alliance party questioned whether the Trade Union House would serve all trade unions or only those favored by

5037-424: Was enclosed and air-conditioned following the 2001 renovation. The reception rooms were located on the ground and first floors (later renumbered the first and second stories), while rooms on the other floors were used by the National Trade Union Congress (NTUC). The second and third floors had 12 offices each, with the NTUC secretariat office on the fourth floor. Four committee rooms and a central meeting room were on

5110-555: Was held at the SCH on 23 May 2010. The Purple Symphony – Singapore's first inclusive orchestra – debuted with its first concert at the SCH on 31 July 2015. Some public performances of the Singapore Youth Festival (SYF) were held at the SCH, especially for the band, guzheng and Chinese orchestra segments. Briefly suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore , SYF performances at the SCH resumed in 2023. For

5183-616: Was inadequate to accommodate the expanding NTUC. At that point, new and taller office buildings had surrounded the Trade Union House, which Goh considered to have "dwarfed" NTUC's national importance and contribution to Singapore's growth. In 1996, Goh announced that the government would provide NTUC a S$ 320 million grant for its new office building in Raffles Quay , which would also house the Singapore Labour Foundation, NTUC Income and other NTUC organisations. At

5256-478: Was symptomatic of an attempt by people manually reproducing academic texts to reduce the copy time. Mastɔ subwardenɔ y ɔmēde me to you. And wherɔ y wrot to you the last wyke that y trouyde itt good to differrɔ thelectionɔ ovɔ to quīdenaɔ tinitatis y have be thougħt me synɔ that itt woll be thenɔ a bowte mydsomɔ. In the Early Modern English period, between the 15th and 17th centuries, the thorn Þ

5329-451: Was used for th , as in Þ ('the'). In modern times, ⟨Þ⟩ was often used (in the form ⟨y⟩ ) for promotional reasons, as in Y Olde Tea Shoppe . During the growth of philological linguistic theory in academic Britain, abbreviating became very fashionable. Likewise, a century earlier in Boston , a fad of abbreviation started that swept the United States, with

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