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84-541: Marriage records in Singapore date back to the year 1875. On 15 September 1961, Civil Marriages came into force under the legislation. The Registry was established at the same time. ROM was originally located in Fort Canning Park , opposite Park Mall Shopping Centre, but moved in 1983 to its current premises at Canning Rise. The Registry of Marriages keeps a record of all couples married in Singapore and issues

168-458: A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. Malacca City along with George Town was confirmed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. Malacca is one of four Malaysian states without hereditary monarchies, despite being the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates, as the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511. The head of state of Malacca

252-490: A cache of gold ornaments dating to the mid-14th century was discovered while workers were excavating for the Fort Canning Reservoir . A series of archaeological digs that began in 1984 have uncovered evidence of workshops for glass and gold that dated to the 14th century, and a ceremonial or religious area near the summit. Historical sources also indicate that around the end of the 14th century, Singapura

336-574: A force of some 1,200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships. They conquered the city on 24 August 1511. After seizing the city Afonso de Albuquerque spared the Hindu , Chinese and Burmese inhabitants but had the Muslim inhabitants massacred or sold into slavery. It soon became clear that Portuguese control of Malacca did not also mean that they controlled the Asian trade centred there. The Malaccan rule

420-445: A hill behind Long Ya Men , is thought to be today's Fort Canning Hill. In contrast to the inhabitants of Long Ya Men who were described as being prone to acts of piracy, the people of Ban Zu were described as honest. The people were said to "wear their hair short, with a turban of gold-brocaded satin", and they also wore red-coloured clothes and had a leader. Evidence of the significance of Fort Canning Hill had been found; in 1928,

504-544: A historical park. The park overlooks Orchard Road and is set in the heart of the Civic and Cultural District of Singapore, and it now offers a variety of recreational activities as well as historical, educational, entertainment and cultural experiences, and is also used as a place for social events. The park also serves as an important green lung for Singapore's downtown city area . The unique blend of historical relics , lush greenery and expansive lawns has made Fort Canning

588-537: A hub of cultural and artistic activity. It has been a venue of choice for staging myriad outdoor events and activities like theatre carnivals such as Shakespeare in the Park by SRT, art festivals, starlight cinemas and Ballet Under the Stars performances. WOMAD , Singapore's largest music festival, was a regular feature of the park's calendar of events from 1998 to 2007. The Fort Canning Tunnel passes directly under

672-631: A public-private partnership installed 100,000 LED street lamps along the Alor Gajah–Melaka Tengah–Jasin (AMJ) highway, which will improve road safety and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Water supply-related matters in Malacca is administered by Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad (Malacca Water Company Limited) which is headquartered at Malacca City. It was established on 1 July 2006 after it was upgraded from its predecessor Malacca Water Corporation ( Malay : Perbadanan Air Melaka ). The company

756-550: A reproduction of an ancient spring and improvements in accessibility. Jubilee Park will be the most "kids friendly" park with a nature-themed playground and slides that follows the contours of the hill. Jubilee Park opened in Jun 2019. Some points of interest that may be found in the park: Melaka Malacca ( Malay : Melaka ), officially the Historic State of Malacca ( Malay : Melaka Negeri Bersejarah ),

840-421: A series of platforms carrying seven 68-pounders were built facing the sea. In 1867 eight 8-inch shell guns and two 13-inch shell guns were added. However, the fortifications were considered a failure from the beginning, as ships could easily get close enough to destroy the town yet remain out of range of the fort's guns. Moreover, the lack of a water supply rendered the fort useless as a place of refuge. In 1907,

924-669: A strong foundation to their kingdom against Siam and other potential enemies. Chinese involvement was crucial for Malacca to grow into a key alternative to other important and established ports. According to Malaccan folklore, to enhance relations, Hang Li Po , a daughter of the Ming Emperor of China, arrived in Malacca, accompanied by 500 attendants, to marry Sultan Mansur Shah who reigned from 1456 until 1477. Her attendants married Malaccans and settled mostly in Bukit Cina . Malacca again sent envoys to China in 1481 to inform

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1008-692: A total installed generation capacity of 1,490 MW. On 16 December 2013, the Malacca State Government unveiled the draft 8,000 hectares special area called the Melaka World Solar Valley in Rembia, Alor Gajah applying solar energy as the primary alternative in all municipal activity sectors. By 2020, the government-run 7,248ha Melaka World Solar Valley aims to power most of the daily activities of manufacturers, housing developers, farmers, and other stakeholders. Recently,

1092-570: A water supply agreement in 1993 and additional water supply agreement in 2013. Another water supply agreement is planned to be signed with Negeri Sembilan in the future. Malacca International Airport (IATA: MKZ, ICAO: WMKM) (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport) is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor, with links to Singapore provided by Scoot since October 2024. Kuala Lumpur International Airport

1176-681: Is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula , facing the Strait of Malacca . The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the south. The exclave of Tanjung Tuan also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north. Its capital is Malacca City , which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008 . Malacca has diverse tropical rainforest and experiences an equatorial climate . Situated immediately south of

1260-579: Is a prominent hill, about 48 metres (157 ft) high, in the southeast portion of Singapore , within the Central Area that forms Singapore's central business district . The hill has a long history intertwined with that of the country due to its location as the highest elevation within walking distance to the city's civic district, within the Downtown Core . It is also a popular location for exhibitions, concerts, and outdoor recreation. It

1344-464: Is also divided into three administrative districts of Alor Gajah, Jasin and Melaka Tengah. Each district is headed by a district officer. The lands and district office in each district deals with land administration and revenue. Thus, it differs from the local governments that oversee the provision and maintenance of urban infrastructure. Malacca signed sister state relationship memorandums with China's Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province . From

1428-665: Is also responsible for the maintenance and delivery infrastructure of clean water in the state. Currently, there are three dams located in Malacca supplying its residents with water, which are Durian Tunggal Dam in Alor Gajah , Jus Dam and Asahan Dam in Jasin . The fourth dam, Jernih Dam , will be constructed in Taboh Naning in Alor Gajah and expected to be completed by 2018. There are three major retention basins in

1512-678: Is among the largest designated Ship-to-ship cargo transfer areas in Malaysia . Sungai Udang houses the PETRONAS Malacca Refinery Complex consisting of two refining trains, established in 1994 and 1999 and owned by PETRONAS Penapisan (Melaka) Sdn. Bhd. and Malaysian Refining Company Sdn. Bhd. respectively. The total capacity of the refinery is 270,000 barrels of oil per day. The Melaka International Trade Centre (MITC) in Ayer Keroh which opened in June 2003

1596-482: Is an exclave of the state, situated on the coast of Negeri Sembilan which it borders to the north. The major rivers within Malacca include the Malacca, Linggi and Kesang Rivers. Malacca River (Sungai Melaka) runs roughly north to south down the middle of the state, Linggi River acts as the western border of Malacca with Negeri Sembilan , while Kesang River acts as the eastern border of Malacca with Johor . Malacca has 17 islands off its coast, with Besar Island being

1680-607: Is believed that the Fort Canning Hill area was once the centre of ancient Singapura that thrived in the 14th century, and was occupied by a palace with various buildings of political, religious and commercial significance. In around 1330, the Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan visited the island of Singapore he named as Danmaxi ( Temasek ). Wang described in his work Daoyi Zhilüe the two distinct settlements of Temasek: Long Ya Men and Ban Zu . Ban Zu , located on

1764-629: Is located at Seri Negeri complex in Ayer Keroh . It houses the chief minister's office, the State Legislative Assembly , the state secretariat office and the official residence of the governor. Malacca is further divided into four municipalities, one of which is a city-level municipality, each administered by a local government . The local governments exercise power in areas such as planning and development control, public housing, public spaces, waste disposal, business licensing, markets, local transport, and municipal roads. Malacca

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1848-619: Is noted for its unique history and it is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia. With a highly strategic state position for international trade routes, Malacca was once a well-known international trade centre in the East. Many traders anchored in Malacca, especially traders from Arabia , China and India, traded at the port of Malacca and from there were born many of the descendants and tribes that exist in Malacca to this day. A great diversity of races and ethnicities have long existed among

1932-618: Is the governor ( Malay : Yang di-Pertua Negeri ), who is appointed by the King of Malaysia . Ali Rustam is the current Governor of Malacca, having assumed office on 4 June 2020. In practice, the Governor's role is largely symbolic and ceremonial. This includes the authority to appoint the head of government and approve legislation that has been passed by the state's legislature. The Malacca state government has its own executive council and legislature, but their powers are limited compared to

2016-491: Is the leading commercial centre and the centre for meetings, incentives, conferencing and exhibitions (MICE) which plays an important role in the development of trade in Malacca. On 20 October 2010 an event was held to announce that Malacca had met the benchmark of 'Developed State' as set out by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and a declaration of "Melaka Maju 2010" (Progressive Malacca 2010)

2100-566: Is the unicameral 28-seat State Legislative Assembly , the highest authority in the state which decides on policy matters. The State Executive Council is responsible to the assembly and comprises members who are appointed every five years by the political party or coalition in power. The state government is headed by the chief minister , appointed by the Yang di-Pertua Negeri from among the State Legislative Assembly members of

2184-547: The East India Company in a war from 1831 to 1832, which resulted in a decisive British victory. It formed part of the Straits Settlements , together with Singapore and Penang . Malacca went briefly under the rule of Empire of Japan between 1942 and 1945 during World War II . After the war, Malacca was placed under a military administration until 1946. Subsequently, the Straits Settlements

2268-664: The Malaysian federal government . According to the Constitution of Malaysia , the state may legislate on matters pertaining to Malay customs, land, agriculture and forestry, local government, civil and water works, and state administration, whereas matters that fall under the joint purview of both state and federal authorities include social welfare, wildlife protection and national parks, scholarships, husbandry, town planning, drainage and irrigation, and public health and health regulations. Parliament Malacca's state legislature

2352-579: The Portuguese colony during the first four decades of the seventeenth century. The first attack took place in 1606 under the command of Dutch Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge who laid siege to the town with the help of his ally, the Johor Sultanate . He engaged the Portuguese armada which had been sent from Goa to offer armed relief to the besieged port. On 14 January 1641, the Dutch defeated

2436-653: The Titiwangsa Mountains proper, which end near the border with Negeri Sembilan at the neighbouring towns of Pulau Sebang and Tampin , the hills are composed of Titiwangsa granite . The southernmost known Titiwangsa granite outcrop is known to be in Besar Island , off the coast of Jasin District . The 512-metre-tall Bukit Gapis, also known as Gunung Melaka, is the state's highest point. The peninsula of Tanjung Tuan (formerly known as Cape Rachado)

2520-518: The Titiwangsa Mountains , the state is mostly level and dotted with inselbergs , with Bukit Gapis as the highest point. Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates , namely the Malacca Sultanate , the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511. The head of state is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor, rather than a sultan . Malacca

2604-826: The Chinese emperor in person. In 1431, when a Malaccan representative complained that Siam was obstructing tribute missions to the Ming court, the Xuande Emperor dispatched Zheng He carrying a threatening message for the Siamese king saying "You, king should respect my orders, develop good relations with your neighbours, examine and instruct your subordinates and not act recklessly or aggressively." The early kings of Malacca—Parameswara, Megat Iskandar Shah , and Sri Maharaja —understood that they could gain Ming China's protection through skilful diplomacy and thereby could establish

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2688-557: The Chinese that, while Malaccan envoys were returning to Malacca from China in 1469, the Vietnamese attacked the Malaccans, killing some of them while castrating the young and enslaving them. The Malaccans reported that Vietnam was in control of Champa and also sought to conquer Malacca, but the Malaccans did not fight back, because they did not want to fight against another state that was a tributary to China without permission from

2772-673: The Chinese. They requested to confront the Vietnamese delegation to China which was in China at the time, but the Chinese informed them since the incident was years old, they could do nothing about it, and the Emperor sent a letter to the Vietnamese ruler reproaching him for the incident. The Chinese Emperor also ordered the Malaccans to raise soldiers and fight back with violent force if the Vietnamese attacked them again. In April 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque set sail from Goa to Malacca with

2856-526: The Japanese here. The Japanese also used the buildings above and below the ground for its military until the end of the occupation in 1945, when the British army resumed control. The underground bunker however was abandoned, but it was re-opened on 31 January 1992 as a tourist attraction and is now known as The Battle Box . As the island moved towards self-determination, the British handed over control of

2940-479: The MV West Scent became the first container vessel to dock at the port. The Port of Kuala Sungai Linggi , commercially known as Linggi International Floating Transshipment & Trading HUB (LIFT-HUB), is a transshipment area for liquid bulk transshipments and break-bulking located offshore of Linggi River in the Strait of Malacca . It was gazetted in 2006, covers an area of 154 km (45 sq mi) and

3024-463: The Portuguese in an effort to capture Malacca, with the help of the Sultan of Johor . The Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1798 but they were not interested in developing it as a trading centre, placing greater importance on Batavia ( Jakarta ) and Java as their administrative centre. However they still built an administrative building called, Stadthuys , which is now a landmark. In the Dutch era

3108-461: The agricultural sectors. Malacca has successfully opened itself up to foreign investors since the early 1970s. By 1997, the state has registered a total investment of over MYR16 billion. In 2014, the state achieved a total MYR4.4 billion worth of investment, in which MYR1.8 billion came from foreign investors. In 2013, Malacca had a GDP of MYR22,646 million with a GDP per capita of MYR34,109. It had 3.2% GDP growth in 2013. The inflation rate in 2012

3192-663: The arrival of the first sultan , the area that's now Malacca was a fishing village. Malacca was founded by Parameswara , also known as Iskandar Shah. He found his way to Malacca around 1402 where he found a good port—it was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Strait of Malacca . In collaboration with his Proto-Malay privateers allies, called the Orang Laut ("sea-people"), he established Malacca as an international port by compelling passing ships to call there, and establishing fair and reliable facilities for warehousing and trade. In 1403,

3276-798: The building demolished in 1998. Known as the People's Theatre, the National Theatre was later built near the Van Kleef Aquarium on the western slope of the hill and closer to the Clemenceau Avenue road. The theatre was officially opened on 8 August 1963 and was once the venue for various international performances, universities' convocations and the National Day rallies, it was demolished in August 1986 to make way for

3360-527: The building was white, the current red paint was from a later date. Malacca was ceded to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 in exchange for Bencoolen on Sumatra. From 1824 to 1942, Malacca was under the rule of the British, first by the East India Company and then as a crown colony . Due to dissatisfaction with British jurisdiction over Naning , Dol Said , a local chief, fought

3444-529: The centre of the spice trade , Malacca attracted many colonial powers that engaged in wars to control it. The Port of Tanjung Bruas, located in Tanjung Kling , was constructed in the late 1970s and commenced operations in the early 1980s to provide port facilities and services to the local business communities and to handle the exportation of hinterland goods as well as the importation of raw materials. Container ship handling services began in 2019, with

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3528-494: The early 19th century and described by the Resident John Crawfurd who also found indication of ruins of an ancient orchard, shards of pottery and Chinese coins, the earliest of which dating to 10th century Song dynasty . Crawfurd described the ruins of a square terrace of 40 feet (12 m) square that may have been a temple near the top of the hill, with another terrace almost as big on the northern slope of

3612-407: The edges of the city proper in suburbs which include Ayer Keroh, Batu Berendam, Cheng, Taman Tasik Utama and Tanjung Kling. While outside Malacca City, industrial areas include Alor Gajah and Sungai Udang. There are around 500 factories in the state which come from Germany, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, United States etc. For small and medium-sized enterprises , a number of estates have been established by

3696-554: The first gun and set up the post to hoist the Union Jack on top of the hill, marking the birth of Singapore as a British settlement. Raffles appointed Farquhar as the first Resident and Commandant of Singapore on the same day. Before leaving on the next day, Raffles left Farquhar with a set of instructions on the administration of the new British settlement. The hill was later known as the Singapore Hill. While Raffles

3780-466: The first official Chinese trade envoy led by Admiral Yin Qing arrived in Malacca. Later, Parameswara was escorted by Zheng He and other envoys in his successful visits. Malacca's relationships with Ming China granted it protection from attacks by Siam and Majapahit . Malacca officially submitted to Ming China as a protectorate . This encouraged the development of Malacca into a major trade settlement on

3864-708: The fort to the Singaporean military in 1963, and was home to the headquarters of the 4th Malaysian Infantry Brigade until December 1966 when it was in turn handed over to the Singapore Armed Forces . The SAF proceeded to build the Singapore Command and Staff College on the fort, which officially opened on 13 February 1970. Construction of the Fort Canning Service Reservoir started in 1927 and finished in 1929. It

3948-500: The governing party or coalition. The chief Minister presides over a meeting of State Executive Council ministers weekly at the chief minister's office. The Chief Minister's Department is responsible for the overall administration of the state, as well as its political interest. The current chief minister is Sulaiman Md Ali of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). The administrative complex

4032-480: The hill said to the tombs of a Malay king, Iskandar Shah , although there is no evidence of a burial there. Ban Zu is likely a transcription of the Malay word pancur meaning a spring or stream. Spring used to exist on the west side of the hill, called pancur larangan or "forbidden spring", where the women of the ruler's household were said to bathe in ancient times. In the early period of 19th century Singapore,

4116-554: The hill, serving as the burial ground for early Europeans in Singapore. The first Christian cemetery was used until 1822 and had 3 burials, was located close to Raffles house. The second cemetery was located on the slopes of Fort Canning Hill, and was expanded and consecrated in 1834. A brick wall and a Gothic gateway were constructed in 1846 to enclose it, built by Captain Charles Edward Faber. Two classical monuments, and some headstones placed along brick walls remained at

4200-621: The hill. Fort Canning Park has been designated as the venue of the bicentennial showcase in 2019, an event which commemorates 200 years since the founding of Singapore. To restore the heritage of the area, three historical gardens will be recreated. They are the Royal Garden, the First Botanical Garden and Jubilee Park. Other enhancements to the park include a new heritage museum at the Fort Canning Centre,

4284-528: The independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, Malaysia was formed with the merger of Malaya with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, and Malacca became part of it. The state capital, Malacca City , with a variety of architectures inherited from its colonial days, was declared a historical city on 15 April 1989 and granted city status on 15 April 2003 by the Federal Government of Malaysia . The city's historical core has been listed as

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4368-431: The largest. The climate of Malacca is hot and humid throughout the year with abundant rainfall, highest between September and November. Daytime high temperatures range between 31 and 33 °C (88 and 91 °F) and nighttime lows around 23 °C (73 °F). Despite being in a location without any significant natural resources, the economy of Malacca dates back more than 500 years, due to its strategic location. As

4452-653: The late 2000s to late 2010s, two bungalows in the town of Peringgit housed galleries which display and promote foreign artwork and culture. Among these were Casa Cuba , which was established by the embassy of Cuba and the Macau Gallery , which was established by the Government of Macau . A gallery promoting the state was also established in Jakarta , Indonesia . The state of Malacca covers an area of 1,775 km (685 sq mi). It located on

4536-557: The local community reflecting its history. Malays , Chinese , Indians , Baba Nyonya , Kristang , Chitty , Temuan and Eurasians are significant ethnic groups living in the State of Malacca in the present day. The state's name dates to a popular legend surrounding the founding of the Malacca Sultanate by Parameswara , who sought a new location to establish a kingdom after fleeing a Majapahit invasion of Singapura . As

4620-475: The national-level figure of RM42,228. The State Socioeconomic Report 2017 published on 26 July 2018 reported that Malacca was the state that recorded the lowest unemployment rate in 2017 with only 1.0 percent. Malacca houses three power stations, namely the 330 MW Tanjung Kling Power Station in Tanjung Kling and 440 MW Telok Gong Power Station 1 and 720 MW Telok Gong Power Station 2 in Telok Gong , with

4704-413: The nearby construction part of Central Expressway along Clemenceau Avenue.   DT21   Bencoolen   NE5   Clarke Quay The area became known as Central Park in 1972 when the land previously used by the British armed forces was combined with King George V Jubilee Park . The park was then renamed Fort Canning Park on 1 November 1981 by Lee Kuan Yew , and converted into

4788-528: The official marriage certificate after solemnisation . Part of the mission of ROM is to administer the Women Charter Act in civil marriages. ROM is an agency of the Ministry of Social and Family Development . This Singaporean organisation article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fort Canning Park Fort Canning Hill , or simply known as Fort Canning ,

4872-572: The old fort was demolished, and only the gateway of the fort and two nine-pound cannons remain. A military headquarters known as Headquarters Malaya Command Operations Bunker was then built with underground rooms serving as operations centre. Under the British Army , it served as the headquarters of the Singapore Base District until the spread of World War II into the Asia Pacific in 1941. Completed in 1938, this ‘bunker’ comprised 30 rooms and had its own generator. On 15 February 1942 Lieutenant-General Arthur Ernest Percival surrendered Singapore to

4956-410: The origin of the naming of Malacca claims that during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1424–1444), Arab merchants called the kingdom 'Malakat' (Arabic for 'congregation of merchants') because it was home to many trading communities. One theory suggests, as mentioned in the Suma Oriental by Tomé Pires , that it is derived from the Javanese terms melayu or mlayu (to steadily accelerate or to run), to describe

5040-402: The site. The cemetery continued to be used until 1865 when it was declared full and closed. By this time, around one third of the burials there were of Chinese Christians. In the 1970s the cemetery was exhumed and many of the surviving tombstones were embedded in the surviving walls. By 1859, the absence of harbour defence led to the hill being used for a military role. The governor's residence

5124-511: The southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula opposite Sumatra , with the state of Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the east. Malacca is situated roughly two-thirds of the way down the west coast, 149 km (93 mi) south of Kuala Lumpur and has a central position on the Strait of Malacca . With the exception of some of its small hills , Malacca is generally a lowland area with average elevation of less than 50 metres above sea level. While being relatively isolated from

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5208-425: The species have since been planted as ornamentals in various state attractions. However, some researchers like those of the Forestry Research Institute of Malaysia speculate that the legendary name-giving tree may have been the species Phyllanthus pectinatus more endemic to Malay Archipelago forests which superficially resemble P. emblica . There is no geographical overlap between the species. Another account on

5292-473: The state government. In 2016, Malacca became the safest place to live in Malaysia. The state crime rates dropped by 15.5 per cent in 2017 with 3,096 cases recorded compared to 3,663 in 2016. Malacca recorded a gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 8.1% in 2017, the second highest in the country after Sabah. Services sector remained the main contributor to the state’s economy at 44.8% of GDP. The GDP per capita also expanded 11.2% to RM46,015 in 2017, surpassing

5376-403: The state, which are Kesang Satu Lake, Kesang Dua Lake and Ayer Keroh Lake . Raw water is supplied from the Malacca River , Kesang River and Gerisik River. Daily water consumption for Malacca is 500 million litres and each resident consumes 220 litres per day, higher than the national average of 180 litres per day. The Malacca State Government signed an agreement with Johor State Government on

5460-416: The story goes, Parameswara was resting under a Malacca tree ( Malay : pokok melaka ) near a river during a hunt, when one of his dogs cornered a mouse deer . In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a good omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided then to found an empire at that spot. He named this empire after

5544-427: The stream was used to provide clean drinking water for all ships stopping at the port until the demand exceeded the capacity, and the spring dried up as wells were dug around the hill. On 6 February 1819, Temenggong Abdul Rahman and Sultan Hussein Shah signed The Singapore Treaty with Stamford Raffles . Major William Farquhar , accompanied by a few Malaccan Malays, climbed up the Bukit Larangan. Farquhar drew up

5628-562: The strong current of a river in Sumatra that today bears the name Sungai Melayu ('Melayu river') which was later possibly adopted to be Melaka as denoting a place for the fleeing prince. [REDACTED] Portuguese Malacca 1511–1641 [REDACTED] Dutch East India Company 1641–1795 [REDACTED] Dutch East Indies 1818–1825 [REDACTED] British Straits Settlements 1825–1946 [REDACTED] Crown Colony of Malacca 1946–1957 [REDACTED] Federation of Malaya 1957–1963 [REDACTED] Malaysia 1963–present Before

5712-407: The trade route between China and India, the Middle East , Africa and Europe. During the early 15th century, Ming China actively sought to build in Malacca a commercial hub and a base of operation for their treasure voyages into the Indian Ocean . Malacca had been a relatively insignificant region, not even qualifying as a polity prior to the voyages according to both Ma Huan and Fei Xin , and

5796-433: The tree where he had just taken shelter. This story shows remarkable similarities with and was probably adapted (as some historians argued) from folk-tales from Kandy , Sri Lanka, and Pasai , Sumatra (both of which pre-date Malacca). The "Malacca tree" was taken as a basis for the species Phyllanthus emblica named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 through Latinising its original Sanskrit name आमलक ( āmalaka ), to which

5880-482: Was 1.6%. As of 2015 , the Malacca State Government has an outstanding MYR861.7 million of loan to the federal government . In 2014, the state government's reserve amounted to MYR206.61 million. The unemployment rate in 2014 was 0.9% or around 3,500 people. The state has a relatively well-educated population, with a youth literacy rate of 99.5% as reported by Malaysia Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. Currently there are 23 industrial areas which are centred along

5964-471: Was a vassal region of Siam . In 1405, the Ming court dispatched Admiral Zheng He with a stone tablet enfeoffing the Western Mountain of Malacca as well as an imperial order elevating the status of the port to a country. The Chinese also established a government depot (官廠) as a fortified cantonment for their soldiers. Ma Huan reported that Siam did not dare to invade Malacca thereafter. The rulers of Malacca, such as Parameswara in 1411, would pay tribute to

6048-400: Was a wooden bungalow with an attap roof, and had a dimension of 100 ft. by 50 ft. It had two parallel halls with verandas at both the front and back, and two square wings serving as sleeping quarters. Raffles also established Singapore's first botanical garden there in 1822. 48 acres of land were set aside for experimental crop cultivation, but the experiment failed and the garden

6132-719: Was abolished, as the British sought to consolidate the various political entities in British Malaya under a single polity named the Malayan Union . The now separate Crown Colony of Malacca was consequently merged into the Malayan Union, which was then replaced by the Federation of Malaya in 1948. The declaration of independence was made by the first Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman , at Padang Pahlawan on 20 February 1956, which eventually led to

6216-577: Was attacked by either the Majapahit or the Siamese , forcing its ruler Parameswara to move on to Melaka where he founded the Sultanate of Malacca . Archaeological evidence suggests that the settlement on Fort Canning was abandoned around this time, although a small trading settlement continued in Singapore for some time afterwards. Ruins of the settlement on Fort Canning Hill were still visible in

6300-432: Was built on top the hill on the site of a former barrack and parade ground of the demolished fort. Excavation for the reservoir in 1928 found a cache of Javanese-style gold jewellery dating to the mid-14th century. The reservoir is covered and access is restricted. The Van Kleef Aquarium was first constructed in 1955 at the foot of Fort Canning Hill known as King George V Jubilee Park facing River Valley Road. The aquarium

6384-420: Was demolished, and a fort with an arms store, barracks and a hospital was built. The fort was completed in 1861, and was named Fort Canning after Viscount Charles John Canning , who was then Governor-General and the first Viceroy of India . A report recommended extensive fortifications, which alarmed the business community who felt a large fortress would be detrimental to trade. Eventually officer's quarters and

6468-425: Was made. As of 2012 , service sector had the largest share of Malacca's economy at 46.9%, followed by manufacturing at 43.5%, agriculture at 6.5%, construction at 2.9% and mining at 0.1%. In terms workforce numbers, as of 2013 , there were 275,000 people working in the industrial sectors, 225,000 people working in the service sectors, 35,000 people working in the entrepreneurship sectors and 12,300 people working in

6552-750: Was moved to a house in Oxley Estate called the Pavilion . On 2 August 1824, Temenggong Abdul Rahman, Sultan Hussein, and John Crawfurd signed the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance at the hill. The hill was also known by the Malays as Bukit Bendera after the Union Jack flag hoisted on the hill by William Farquhar, and later, also as Bukit Tuan Bonham after Sir Samuel George Bonham , who was governor from 1836 to 1848. A Christian cemetery used to exist on

6636-403: Was named after Viscount Charles John Canning , the first Viceroy of India. The Malays called the hill Bukit Larangan or Forbidden Hill since olden times. This is due to the belief that it is the place where the kings of ancient Singapore were laid to rest, and it was believed to be haunted. It is also believed that a palace once stood on the hill. A settlement on the hill in the 14th century

6720-479: Was referred to as Ban Zu (from the Malay pancur ) by the Yuan dynasty traveller Wang Dayuan . Later, Sir Stamford Raffles built his residence there, which was also used by other Residents and Governors . It became known as Government Hill until it was renamed Fort Canning in 1861, when a military fort was built on the site. Today it is the location of both the Fort Canning Reservoir and Fort Canning Park . It

6804-585: Was severely hampered by administrative and economic difficulties. Rather than achieving their ambition of dominating Asian trade, the Portuguese had disrupted the organised network that had existed. The centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth was now gone, as was a Malay state to police the Strait of Malacca which had made it safe for commercial traffic. Trade was now scattered over a number of ports that fought amongst each other. The Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier spent several months in Malacca in 1545, 1546, and 1549. The Dutch launched several attacks on

6888-641: Was still in Bencoolen , Sumatra at the time, George Drumgold Coleman , having waited for him to return for four months, in the meantime designed for Raffles the Residency House for his residence use. Upon his return in October 1822 and impressed with Coleman's design, Raffles approved the house, construction of which was soon begun on Singapore Hill in November 1822 and completed by January 1823. It

6972-481: Was the first of its kind in South-East Asia, and attracted over 150,000 visitors within three months of its opening, and had around 400,000 visitors annually by the 1970s. However, due to competition from newer attractions which led to declining visitors in the 1980s, it closed on 31 May 1991. A number of attempts were made to renew operation at the site but all were unsuccessful. It finally closed in 1996, and

7056-466: Was then abandoned in 1829. Raffles' former residence was extended and redesigned by Coleman with bricks and tiles in June 1824, as funded by the 2nd Resident John Crawfurd to be used by other Residents and Governors of Singapore as the Government House , thus the location gained the name Government Hill. When the residence was demolished in 1859 to make way for a fort, Government House

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