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37-522: The Singapore sling is a gin-based sling cocktail from Singapore . This long drink was reputed to have been developed in 1915 by Ngiam Tong Boon ( traditional Chinese : 嚴崇文 ; simplified Chinese : 严崇文 ; pinyin : Yán Chóngwén ; Wade–Giles : Yen Ch'ung-wen ), a bartender at the Long Bar in Raffles Hotel , Singapore. It was initially called the gin sling . The drink

74-468: A multi-purpose grating tool . In Indonesian cuisine , nutmeg is used in dishes, such as spicy soups including variants of soto , konro , oxtail soup , sup iga (ribs soup), bakso , and sup kambing . It is also used in gravy for meat dishes, such as semur , beef stew, ribs with tomato, and European derived dishes such as bistik (beef steak), rolade (minced meat roll), and bistik lidah (beef tongue steak). In Indian cuisine , nutmeg

111-754: A comprehensive nutmeg plantation system on the islands during the 17th century. As a result of the Dutch interregnum during the Napoleonic Wars , the British invaded and temporarily took control of the Banda Islands from the Dutch and transplanted nutmeg trees, complete with soil, to Sri Lanka , Penang, Bencoolen , and Singapore . From these locations they were transplanted to their other colonial holdings elsewhere, notably Zanzibar and Grenada. The national flag of Grenada , adopted in 1974, shows

148-570: A foothold in the islands. In order to obtain a monopoly on the production and trade of nutmeg, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) waged a bloody battle with the Bandanese in 1621. Historian Willard Hanna estimated that before this struggle the islands were populated by approximately 15,000 people, and only 1,000 were left (the Bandanese were killed, starved while fleeing, exiled, or sold as slaves). The Company constructed

185-456: A fragrant candy. Sliced nutmeg fruit flesh is made as manisan (sweets), either wet, which is seasoned in sugary syrup liquid, or dry coated with sugar, a dessert called manisan pala in Indonesia. In Penang cuisine , dried, shredded nutmeg rind with sugar coating is used as toppings on the uniquely Penang ais kacang . The flesh of the nutmeg fruit is also blended, in the fresh state, into

222-399: A mixture of two measures of gin with one of cherry brandy and one each of orange, pineapple, and lime juice. The hotel's recipe was recreated based on a 1936 note by a visitor. The Long Bar at Raffles Hotel sells 800-1200 Singapore slings every day. 70% of the total revenue of the bar comes from the sling, which earns the bar S$ 15 million in annual sales. By the 1980s, in countries such as

259-611: A period of 15 to 30 weeks. During this time, the nutmeg shrinks away from its hard seed coat until the kernels rattle in their shells when shaken. The shell is then broken with a wooden club and the nutmegs are picked out. Dried nutmegs are greenish brown ovoids with furrowed surfaces. The nutmegs are roughly egg-shaped, about 20.5–30 mm (0.81–1.18 in) long and 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in) wide, weighing 5–10 g (0.18–0.35 oz) dried. Two other species of genus Myristica with different flavors, M. malabarica and M. argentea , are sometimes used to adulterate nutmeg as

296-429: A spice, nutmeg powder may produce allergic reactions , cause contact dermatitis , or have psychoactive effects. Although used in traditional medicine for treating various disorders, nutmeg has no scientifically confirmed medicinal value . Conifers of the genus Torreya , commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans , and are not used as

333-1168: A spice, nutmeg produces no noticeable physiological or neurological response, but in large doses, both raw nutmeg freshly ground from kernels and nutmeg oil have psychoactive effects. Such effects appear to derive from anticholinergic -like hallucinogenic mechanisms attributed to myristicin and elemicin . Myristicin—a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and psychoactive substance —can cause convulsions , palpitations , nausea , eventual dehydration , and generalized body pain when consumed in large amounts. Nutmeg may interact with anxiolytic drugs, produce allergic reactions , cause contact dermatitis , and evoke acute episodes of psychosis . Varying considerably from person to person, nutmeg intoxication may occur with side effects , such as delirium , anxiety, confusion, headaches, nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, eye irritation, and amnesia . Intoxication takes several hours to reach maximum effect, and may last for several days. Incidents of fatal poisoning from nutmeg and myristicin individually are uncommon. Nutmeg poisonings occur by accidental consumption in children and by intentional recreational use. It

370-618: A spice. Mace is the spice made from the reddish seed covering ( aril ) of the nutmeg seed. Its flavour is similar to that of nutmeg but more delicate; it is used to flavour baked goods, meat, fish, and vegetables, and in preserving and pickling. In the processing of mace, the crimson-colored aril is removed from the nutmeg seed that it envelops and is flattened out and dried for 10 to 14 days. Its color changes to pale yellow, orange, or tan. Whole dry mace consists of flat pieces—smooth, horn-like, and brittle—about 40 mm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) long. The most important commercial species

407-404: A spice. Nutmeg is the spice made by grinding the seed of the fragrant nutmeg tree ( Myristica fragrans ) into powder. The spice has a distinctive pungent fragrance and a warm, slightly sweet taste; it is used to flavor many kinds of baked goods, confections, puddings , potatoes, meats, sausages, sauces, vegetables, and such beverages as eggnog . The seeds are dried gradually in the sun over

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444-523: A stylised split-open nutmeg fruit. The Dutch retained control of the Spice Islands until World War II . Connecticut may have received its nickname ("the Nutmeg State", " Nutmegger ") from the claim that some unscrupulous Connecticut traders would whittle "nutmeg" out of wood, creating a "wooden nutmeg", a term which later came to mean any type of fraud. This narrative may have to do with

481-626: A type of smoothie (white in colour and having a fresh, ‘green’, tangy taste); or boiled, resulting in a brown liquid, much sweeter in taste, which is used in the preparation of iced drinks. In Kerala Malabar region of India, it is used for juice, pickles and chutney. The essential oil obtained by steam distillation of ground nutmeg is used in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The volatile fraction contains dozens of terpenes and phenylpropanoids , including D - pinene , limonene , D - borneol , L - terpineol , geraniol , safrole , and myristicin . In its pure form, myristicin

518-439: Is a toxin , and consumption of excessive amounts of nutmeg can result in myristicin poisoning. The oil is colorless or light yellow, and smells and tastes of nutmeg. It is used as a natural food flavoring in baked goods , syrups, beverages, and sweets. It is used to replace ground nutmeg, as it leaves no particles in the food. The essential oil is also used in the manufacturing of toothpaste and cough syrups . Nutmeg butter

555-445: Is also commonly used in rice pudding . In Dutch cuisine , nutmeg is added to vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and string beans. Nutmeg is a traditional ingredient in mulled cider , mulled wine , junket and eggnog . In Scotland, mace and nutmeg are usually both ingredients in haggis . In Italian cuisine , nutmeg is used as part of the stuffing for many regional meat-filled dumplings like tortellini , as well as for

592-434: Is an old drink, circa 1759, originally intended to be a single-serving punch , containing sour, sweet, and alcoholic ingredients in proportions that have varied with time. The introduction of bitters was a new twist added to some versions of the drink, creating a cocktail of spirit, sugar, water, and bitters, making a drink similar to an Old Fashioned . Nutmeg If consumed in amounts exceeding its typical use as

629-654: Is made with gin and, varyingly, of ingredients such as sweet vermouth , lemon juice , simple syrup , Angostura bitters , and soda water . Some sources suggest the word sling comes from the German schlingen , meaning "to swallow fast". The Oxford English Dictionary says that the origin is uncertain. The Singapore Sling is a popular gin sling originally made at the Long Bar, Raffles Hotel , Singapore . Recipes for it variously contain such ingredients as Benedictine , cherry liqueur , herbal liqueur , pineapple juice , lime juice , bitters , and club soda . The sling

666-479: Is obtained from the nut by expression . It is semisolid, reddish-brown in colour, and has the taste and smell of nutmeg itself. About 75% (by weight) of nutmeg butter is trimyristin , which can be turned into myristic acid , a 14-carbon fatty acid , which can be used as a replacement for cocoa butter , can be mixed with other fats like cottonseed oil or palm oil , and has applications as an industrial lubricant . The earliest evidence of use of nutmeg comes in

703-553: Is recalled in 1982 in The Sainsbury Book of Cocktails & Party Drinks , where it is also called the Singapore sling and was the classic recipe of the time. A minor difference occurs in that the measures of the spirits were twice the quantity compared with the lemon and soda of the 1930 quotation and garnished with slice of lemon and a glacé cherry. These two very similar forms represent a traditional British version of

740-734: Is the common, true or fragrant nutmeg, M. fragrans ( Myristicaceae ), native to the Moluccas (or Spice Islands) of Indonesia. It is also cultivated on Penang Island in Malaysia, in the Caribbean , especially in Grenada , and in Kerala , a state formerly known as Malabar in ancient writings as the hub of spice trading, in southern India. In the 17th-century work Hortus Botanicus Malabaricus , Hendrik van Rheede records that Indians learned

777-430: Is used in many sweet, as well as savoury, dishes. In Kerala Malabar region , grated nutmeg is used in meat preparations and also sparingly added to desserts for the flavour. It may also be used in small quantities in garam masala . In traditional European cuisine , nutmeg and mace are used especially in potato and spinach dishes and in processed meat products; they are also used in soups, sauces, and baked goods. It

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814-523: Is used recreationally with the intention of achieving a low-cost high resembling psychedelics, particularly by adolescents, drug users, college students, and prisoners. Relatively large doses of nutmeg are required to produce effects; a majority of reported nutmeg intoxication cases appear to result from recreational use. Playwright and poet William Shakespeare was alleged to use nutmeg for hallucinogenic purposes as nutmeg extract along with cannabis were found in analysis of fragments of his pipe. Nutmeg

851-529: The 1890s and wasn't related to the Raffles until the 1920s. The original recipe of the Singapore sling is debated. This is because the original recipe was lost after the 1930s when the hotel stopped serving the drink. D. A. Embury stated in the Fine Art of Mixing Drinks : "Of all the recipes published for [this drink] I have never seen any two that were alike." The Times described the "original recipe" as

888-611: The Banda Islands, the expedition remained for about a month, buying and filling their ships with Banda's nutmeg and mace, and with cloves in which Banda had a thriving entrepôt trade . An early account of Banda is in Suma Oriental , a book written by the Portuguese apothecary Tomé Pires , based in Malacca from 1512 to 1515. Full control of this trade by the Portuguese was not possible, and they remained participants without

925-494: The Singapore sling. Also documented in The Sainsbury Book of Cocktails & Party Drinks is the Straits sling (also a Raffles Hotel invention named after the nearby Singapore Strait ), which was even stronger, but also added Bénédictine, Angostura bitters, and orange bitters, but its garnish was both lemon and orange slices and it did not have the glacé cherry. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable ( Brewer's ) refers to

962-578: The United States, the Singapore sling was often little more than gin, bottled sour mix , and grenadine , a mixture showing very little relationship to the recipe used elsewhere under the same name. By that time both in the Raffles Hotel and Hong Kong, and generally in the UK, the recipe had remained standardised as gin and cherry brandy (in various ratios between 2:1 and 1:2). By 2000, Bénédictine

999-570: The form of 3,500-year-old potsherd residues from the island of Pulau Ai, one of the Banda Islands in eastern Indonesia. The Banda Islands consist of eleven small volcanic islands, and are part of the larger Maluku Islands group. These islands were the only source of nutmeg and mace production until the mid-19th century. It was one of the spices traded over the Austronesian maritime spice trade network since at least 1500 BCE. In

1036-534: The gin sling as "a drink mainly composed of gin and lemon" and states that it has been attributed to bartender John Collins of London, "but it dates from before his time and was found in the U.S.A. by 1800", which is similar to the John Collins , another cocktail of gin and lemon. Sling (cocktail) A sling is a drink historically made with sugar, hot or cold water, nutmeg , and a spirit such as gin , whiskey , rum , or brandy . In its modern form, it

1073-465: The issue that one has to grate to obtain the spice powder, not crack a nutmeg, and this may not have been widely known by some purchasers of the product. In 2019, global production of nutmeg was 142,000 tonnes, led by Indonesia , Guatemala , and India , having 38,000 to 43,000 tonnes each and a combined 85% of the world total. Although used as a folk treatment for some ailments, nutmeg has no proven medicinal value. Ingested in small amounts as

1110-472: The sixth century AD, nutmeg use spread to India, then further west to Constantinople . By the 13th century, Arab traders had pinpointed the origin of nutmeg to the Banda Islands, but kept this location a secret from European traders. The Banda Islands became the scene of the earliest European ventures in Asia, to get a grip on the spice trade. In August 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca , which at

1147-504: The sixth to eighth year, and sexual reproduction bears inconsistent yields, grafting is the preferred method of propagation. Epicotyl grafting (a variation of cleft grafting using seedlings), approach grafting , and patch budding have proved successful, with epicotyl grafting being the most widely adopted standard. Air layering is an alternative though not preferred method because of its low (35–40%) success rate. The first harvest of nutmeg trees takes place 7–9 years after planting, and

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1184-468: The time was the hub of Asian trade, on behalf of the king of Portugal . In November of the same year, after having secured Malacca and learning of Banda's location, Albuquerque sent an expedition of three ships led by his friend António de Abreu to find it. Malay pilots guided them via Java , the Lesser Sundas , and Ambon to the Banda Islands, arriving in early 1512. The first Europeans to reach

1221-547: The traditional meatloaf . Nutmeg is a common spice for pumpkin pie and in recipes for other winter squashes , such as baked acorn squash . In the Caribbean, nutmeg is often used in drinks, such as the Bushwacker , Painkiller , and Barbados rum punch. Typically, it is a sprinkle on top of the drink. The pericarp (fruit covering) is used to make jam, or is finely sliced, cooked with sugar, and crystallised to make

1258-402: The trees reach full production after 20 years. Nutmeg and mace have similar sensory qualities, with nutmeg having a slightly sweeter and mace a more delicate flavour. Mace is often preferred in light dishes for the bright orange, saffron -like hue it imparts. Nutmeg is used for flavouring many dishes. Whole nutmeg can also be ground at home using a grater specifically designed for nutmeg or

1295-462: The usage of nutmeg from the Indonesians through ancient trade routes. Nutmeg trees are dioecious plants (individual plants are either male or female), which are propagated sexually from seeds and asexually from cuttings or grafting . Sexual propagation yields 50% male seedlings, which are unproductive. Because no reliable method has been found for determining plant sex before flowering in

1332-400: Was created sometime between 1899 and 1915 at Raffles Hotel . Simon Diffords wrote that the drink was originally Ngiam's "house" version of the gin sling. It was socially unacceptable for women to drink alcohol in public at that time, so Ngiam made the cocktail look like fruit juice to enable women to drink it. On the other hand, David Wondrich of Esquire claimed that the drink was created in

1369-635: Was introduced and pineapple juice used more. In New Orleans, sometimes Hurricane mix was used instead of pineapple. The gin sling , attested from 1790, described a North American drink of gin, which was flavoured, sweetened, and served cold. The "Singapore sling" has been documented as early as 1930 as a recipe in the Savoy Cocktail Book : Ingredients one-quarter lemon juice, one-quarter dry gin, one-half cherry brandy: "Shake well and strain into medium-sized glass, and fill with soda water. Add 1 lump of ice". This recipe persisted for decades and

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