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23-512: Sisquoc ( Chumash for "quail") is a census-designated place in Santa Barbara County, California located east of U.S. Route 101 about 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Santa Maria and 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Garey . The ZIP Code is 93454, and the community is inside area code 805 . Sisquoc has a fire station, a church, a Preschool-8 school and a store. It has a micro-climate with mild weather year-round. The population

46-600: A 'Guaicurian' language, as perhaps was Huchití (Uchití), though that may have actually been a variety of Guaycura itself (Golla 2007). The internal classification of Guaicurian (Waikurian) languages is uncertain. Massey (1949), cited in Campbell (1997:169), gives this tentative classification based on similarity judgments given by colonial-era sources, rather than actual linguistic data. However, Laylander (1997) and Zamponi (2004) conclude that Waikuri and Pericú are unrelated. Consonants were voiceless stops p t c k and maybe

69-498: A glottal stop; voiced b d , nasal m n ny , flap r , trill rr , and approximants w y . Waikuri had four vowels, /i, e, a, u/. Whether or not vowel length was phonemic is unknown. The little we know of Guaycura grammar was provided by Francisco Pimentel , who analyzed a few verbs and phrases. Guaicura was a polysyllabic language that involved much compounding. For example, 'sky' is tekerakadatemba , from tekaraka (arched) and datemba (earth). Beagert and Pimentel agree that

92-425: A population of 183. The population density was 81.9 inhabitants per square mile (31.6/km). The racial makeup of Sisquoc was 146 (79.8%) White , 0 (0.0%) African American , 5 (2.7%) Native American , 3 (1.6%) Asian , 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander , 9 (4.9%) from other races , and 20 (10.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58 persons (31.7%). The Census reported that 183 people (100% of

115-411: A symmetrical six-vowel system. The distinctive high central vowel is written various ways, including <ɨ> "barred I," <ə> "schwa" and <ï> "I umlaut." Contemporary users of the languages favor /ɨ/ or /ə/ . Striking features of this system include The Central Chumash languages have a complex inventory of consonants. All of the consonants except / h / can be glottalized; all of

138-563: Is recent (within a couple thousand years). There is internal evidence that Obispeño replaced a Hokan language and that Island Chumash mixed with a language very different from Chumashan; the islands were not in contact with the mainland until the introduction of plank canoes in the first millennium AD. Although some say the Chumashan languages are now extinct or dormant, language revitalization programs are underway with four of these Chumashan languages. These languages are well-documented in

161-569: Is well known for vineyards and strawberry fields. The terrain is hilly, and there are mountains in the distance. Wildlife near Sisquoc includes bobcats, coyotes, mountain lions, rabbits, and gophers. There is one closed store in town called the Sisquoc store, and a fire station. There is one school in town called Benjamin Foxen, home of the Bobcats. Benjamin Foxen is the only remaining school of 5 in

184-609: The Yukian and Chumashan languages and other languages of southern Baja such as Pericú , among the oldest languages established in California, before the arrival of speakers of Penutian , Uto-Aztecan , and perhaps even Hokan languages. All are spoken in areas with long-established populations of a distinct physical type. The ethnonym Waikuri and its variants likely originates from the Pericú word guaxoro 'friend'. Variations of

207-451: The 1770s and 1830s: Roland Dixon and Alfred L. Kroeber suggested that the Chumashan languages might be related to the neighboring Salinan in a Iskoman grouping. Edward Sapir accepted this speculation and included Iskoman in his classification of Hokan . More recently it has been noted that Salinan and Chumashan shared only one word, which the Chumashan languages probably borrowed from Salinan (the word for 'white clam shell', which

230-694: The Blochman School District. The Blochman School PTA (Parent Teacher Association) was established in 1960. The school has a library in need of more books. Students and teachers at Blochman run a school garden, and fresh produce from the garden is served in the cafeteria. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP covers an area of 2.2 square miles (5.8 km), 99.82% of it land, and 0.18% of it water. The 2010 United States Census reported that Sisquoc had

253-461: The consonants except / h /, / x / and the liquids can be aspirated. Proto-Chumash reconstructions by Klar (1977): Waikuri language Waikuri (Guaycura, Waicura) is an extinct language of southern Baja California spoken by the Waikuri or Guaycura people . The Jesuit priest Baegert documented words, sentences and texts in the language between 1751 and 1768. Waikuri may be, along with

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276-430: The evidence for this seems inconclusive (Laylander 1997; Zamponi 2004; Mixco 2006). William C. Massey (1949) suggested a connection with Pericú , but the latter is too meagerly attested to support a meaningful comparison. Other languages of southern Baja are essentially undocumented, though people have speculated from non-linguistic sources that Monqui (Monquí-Didiú), spoken in a small region around Loreto , may have been

299-468: The mainland in the early 19th century. John Peabody Harrington conducted fieldwork on all the above Chumashan languages, but obtained the least data on Island Chumash, Purisimeño, and Obispeño. There is no linguistic data on Cuyama, though ethnographic data suggests that it was likely Chumash (Interior Chumash). The languages are named after the local Franciscan Spanish missions in California where Chumashan speakers were relocated and aggregated between

322-491: The name include Waicuri, Waicuri, Guaicuri, Waicura, Guaycura, Guaicura, Waicuro, Guaicuro, Guaycuro, Vaicuro, Guaicuru, Guaycuru, Waikur . Baegert's data is analyzed by Raoul Zamponi (2004). On existing evidence, Guaycura appears to be unrelated to the Yuman languages to its north. Some linguists have suggested that it belonged to the widely scattered Hokan phylum of California and Mexico (Gursky 1966; Swadesh 1967); however,

345-642: The older names based on the local missions. Obispeño was the most divergent Chumashan language. The Central Chumash languages include Purisimeño, Ineseño, Barbareño and Ventureño. There was a dialect continuum across this area, but the form of the language spoken in the vicinity of each mission was distinct enough to qualify as a different language. There is very little documentation of Purisimeño. Ineseño, Barbareño and Ventureño each had several dialects, although documentation usually focused on just one. Island Chumash had different dialects on Santa Cruz Island and Santa Rosa Island , but all speakers were relocated to

368-409: The oldest language families established in California, before the arrival of speakers of Penutian , Uto-Aztecan , and perhaps even Hokan languages . Chumashan, Yukian, and southern Baja languages are spoken in areas with long-established populations of a distinct physical type. The population in the core Chumashan area has been stable for the past 10,000 years. However, the attested range of Chumashan

391-547: The plural is formed with a suffix -ma . However, Pimentel also notes a prefix k- with the 'same' function. For example, kanai 'women', from anai 'woman'. According to Pimentel, the negation in -ra of an adjective resulted in its opposite, so from ataka 'good' is derived atakara 'bad'. Pronouns were as follows (Golla 2011): The Pater Noster is recorded in Guaycura, with a literal gloss by Pimentel (1874: cap. XXV). Waikuri vocabulary from Zamponi (2004), which

414-613: The population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 69 households, out of which 26 (37.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 38 (55.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6 (8.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3 (4.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 4 (5.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 1 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 14 households (20.3%) were made up of individuals, and 5 (7.2%) had someone living alone who

437-489: The unpublished fieldnotes of linguist John Peabody Harrington . Especially well documented are Barbareño , Ineseño , and Ventureño . The last native speaker of a Chumashan language was Barbareño speaker Mary Yee , who died in 1965. Six Chumashan languages are attested , all now extinct. However, most of them are in the process of revitalization, with language programs and classes. Contemporary Chumash people now prefer to refer to their languages by native names rather than

460-538: Was 183 at the 2010 census. The town is at the intersection of Palmer Road and Foxen Canyon Road, at the southwestern edge of the floodplain of the Sisquoc River . The predominant land use on the plain is agriculture, while the hills to the south and west contain the Cat Canyon Oil Field , with Greka Energy and ERG Resources, LLC being the largest operators. Sisquoc is an agricultural area. It

483-651: Was 38.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males. There were 73 housing units at an average density of 32.7 per square mile (12.6/km), of which 42 (60.9%) were owner-occupied, and 27 (39.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 98 people (53.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 85 people (46.4%) lived in rental housing units. Chumashan languages The Chumashan languages may be, along with Yukian and perhaps languages of southern Baja California such as Waikuri , one of

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506-399: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65. There were 47 families (68.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.00. The population was spread out, with 49 people (26.8%) under the age of 18, 8 people (4.4%) aged 18 to 24, 44 people (24.0%) aged 25 to 44, 65 people (35.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 17 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

529-407: Was used as currency). As a result, the inclusion of Chumashan into Hokan is now disfavored by most specialists, and the consensus is that Chumashan has no identified linguistic relatives. The Chumashan languages are well known for their consonant harmony (regressive sibilant harmony). Mithun presents a scholarly synopsis of Chumashan linguistic structures. The Central Chumash languages all have

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