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45-474: Skyhook was founded in 2003 by Ted Morgan and Michael Shean. Skyhook's database was initially gathered through wardriving , when the company sent teams of drivers around the United States, Canada, Western Europe, and selected Asian countries to map out Wi-Fi hotspots . In April 2010, Apple decided to switch iPhones running on iPhone OS 3.2 and newer to their own location database after previously using

90-493: A geolocation system—an alternative to GPS —by triangulating the current position from the signal strengths of known network IDs. Examples include Place Lab by Intel , Skyhook , Navizon by Cyril Houri , SeekerLocate from Seeker Wireless , openBmap and Geomena. Navizon and openBmap combines information from Wi-Fi and cell phone tower maps contributed by users from Wi-Fi-equipped cell phones . In addition to location finding, this provides navigation information, and allows for

135-483: A software development kit , which allows developers to create location-enabled applications using Skyhook's software. The SDK supports Android 2.2 (Froyo), 2.3.x (Gingerbread), 4.0.x (Ice Cream Sandwich), 4.1.x (Jelly Bean), 4.4 (KitKat), 5.0-5.1 (Lollipop), and 6.0 (Marshmallow), including forked platforms such as the Kindle Fire , along with Linux , Windows , and Mac OS X . Wardriving Wardriving

180-457: A combination of Skyhook's and Google's. In September 2010, Skyhook sued Google over the use of Wi-Fi locator technology in cell phones. The complaint claimed that Andy Rubin , Google's Vice President for Engineering, gave Sanjay K. Jha , Chief Executive of Motorola 's mobile devices' division, a "stop ship" order, preventing Motorola from shipping phones with the Android operating system using

225-588: A mode within Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops for the Sony PSP (wherein the player is able to find new comrades by searching for wireless access points) which can be used to wardrive. Treasure World for the DS is a commercial game in which gameplay wholly revolves around wardriving. Pocket pc A Pocket PC ( P/PC , PPC ) is a class of personal digital assistant (PDA) that runs

270-663: A single one of the thousands of apps available for Windows Mobile would run unaltered on Windows Phone. From a technical standpoint, "Pocket PC" is a Microsoft specification that sets various hardware and software requirements for mobile devices bearing the "Pocket PC" label. For instance, any device which is to be classified as a Pocket PC must: The first Windows Mobile 6.5 device was first shown in September 2009. Leaked ROMs surfaced in July 2009 for specific devices. The generic ROM images for Mobile 6.5 are also available as part of

315-751: A suitable receiver. It could be compared to making a map of a neighborhood's house numbers and mail box labels. While some may claim that wardriving is illegal, there are no laws that specifically prohibit or allow wardriving, though many localities have laws forbidding unauthorized access of computer networks and protecting personal privacy. Google created a privacy storm in some countries after it eventually admitted systematically but surreptitiously gathering Wi-Fi data while capturing video footage and mapping data for its Street View service. It has since been using Android -based mobile devices to gather this data. Passive, listen-only wardriving (with programs like Kismet or KisMAC ) does not communicate at all with

360-705: A week later in San Diego in August 2002 in a Cessna 182 . Wardrivers use a Wi-Fi-equipped device together with a GPS device to record the location of wireless networks. The results can then be uploaded to websites like WiGLE , openBmap or Geomena where the data is processed to form maps of the network neighborhood. There are also clients available for smartphones running Android that can upload data directly. For better range and sensitivity, antennas are built or bought, and vary from omnidirectional to highly directional. The maps of known network IDs can then be used as

405-558: Is another Windows CE based platform for non-touch and non-PDA devices. In 2007, with the advent of Windows Mobile 6.0 , Microsoft dropped the name Pocket PC in favor of a new naming scheme: As of 2010, thousands of applications existed for handhelds adhering to the Microsoft Pocket PC specification, many of which were freeware . Microsoft-compliant Pocket PCs can be used with many add-ons such as GPS receivers , barcode readers, RFID readers, and cameras. Pocket PC

450-430: Is done on foot rather than from a moving vehicle. The disadvantages of this method are a slower speed of travel (leading to the discovery of more infrequently discovered networks) and the absence of a convenient computing environment. Consequently, handheld devices such as pocket computers , which can perform such tasks while users are walking or standing, have dominated this practice. Technology advances and developments in

495-790: Is put in the SIM card and follow the wizard, to put their SIM contacts in the address book. An example is O2's Xda , or T-Mobile's MDA Compact . Both of these devices, while bearing the phone operator's logo, are manufactured by the dominant Pocket PC manufacturer HTC . One of the more popular high-end consumer-market Pocket PCs was the Dell Axim x51v, which was discontinued in 2007. Hardware specs included 3.7" color TFT VGA display with 640x480 resolution, Intel XScaleTM PXA270 processor at 624 MHz, 336 MB of memory (256 MB flash, 64 MB SDRAM), integrated 802.11b and Bluetooth 1.2, integrated Intel 2700G multimedia accelerator with 16 MB video memory. Expansion

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540-402: Is similar to wardriving, but is done on a train or tram rather than from a slower more controllable vehicle. The disadvantages of this method are higher speed of travel (resulting in less discovery of more infrequently discovered networks) and often limited to major roads with higher traffic. Warkitting is a combination of wardriving and rootkitting . In a warkitting attack, a hacker replaces

585-440: Is the act of searching for Wi-Fi wireless networks as well as cell towers, usually from a moving vehicle, using a laptop or smartphone . Software for wardriving is freely available on the internet . Warbiking , warcycling , warwalking and similar use the same approach but with other modes of transportation. War driving originated from wardialing , a method popularized by a character played by Matthew Broderick in

630-512: The Web , and more." Prior to the release of Windows Mobile 2003 , third-party software was developed using Microsoft's eMbedded Visual Tools, eMbedded Visual Basic (eVB) and eMbedded Visual C (eVC). eVB programs can usually be converted fairly easily to NS Basic/CE. or to Basic4ppc. In 2007 the Pocket PC name was dropped altogether. The Pocket PC Phone Edition became Windows Mobile Professional;

675-544: The Windows Mobile operating system , which is based on Windows CE/Windows Embedded Compact , and that has some of the abilities of modern desktop PCs . The name was introduced by Microsoft in 2000 as a rebranding of the Palm-size PC category and was marketed until 2007. Some of these devices also had integrated phone and data capabilities , which were called Pocket PC Phone Edition. Windows " Smartphone "

720-403: The 1970s. In 1982, Hewlett Packard's HP-75 incorporated a 1-line text display, an alphanumeric keyboard, HP BASIC language and some basic PDA abilities. The HP 95LX , HP 100LX and HP 200LX series packed a PC-compatible MS-DOS computer with graphics display and QWERTY keyboard into a palmtop format. The HP OmniGo 100 and 120 used a pen and graphics interface on DOS-based PC/GEOS , but

765-587: The Handheld PC and also ran Windows CE , however this version was more limited and lacked Pocket Microsoft Office , Pocket Internet Explorer , ActiveX and some other tools. Its main competitor was the PalmPilot and Palm III . According to the specification, Palm-size PCs use SuperH SH3 processors and MIPS architecture . The term "palm-sized PC" was also used as a generic term of similar such devices that are not necessary connected to Microsoft, such as

810-685: The PDA abilities. Before the Pocket PC brand was launched, there were other Windows-based machines of the same form factor called Palm-size PCs. These devices ran Windows CE 2.0–2.11 and had an interface that was similar to the then-current desktop versions of Windows like Windows 95 . The first of these was the Everex Freestyle, also known as HTC Kangaroo, from 1998. Other examples include Casio Cassiopeia E-10/E-11, Compaq Aero 1500/1520, Philips Nino and HP Jornada 420/430. Pocket PCs were manufactured and sold by several different companies;

855-566: The PalmPilot. Microsoft's Handheld PCs and Palm-size PCs did not gain much success in the markets compared to Palm, with users complaining the Windows CE software were hard to use and the devices themselves were thick. On April 19, 2000, Microsoft introduced Pocket PC with a revamped interface and to better compete against the popular Palm devices. The Pocket PC was based on the all new version 3.0 of Windows CE. HP, Casio and Compaq were

900-585: The QTek 9000 (also branded by various telecommunications companies as the Orange SPV M5000, T-mobile MDA Pro, Vodafone VPA IV, O2 Xda Exec, i-Mate JasJar, Dopod 900). A newer entrant into the Pocket PC market was its rival Palm , which sold devices like the Treo 700w/wx based on Windows Mobile 5.0 and featuring integrated telephony. Previous to this, Palm only produced PDAs running its own Palm OS (as did

945-462: The Skyhook software. The litigation was settled in 2015, with Skyhook receiving $ 90 million in a settlement with the tech giant, a third of which was spent on legal fees. The figure was shown in a securities filing by Liberty Broadband Corporation, Skyhook's Colorado-based parent company. In February 2014, Skyhook Wireless was acquired by True Position Inc., a subsidiary of Liberty Broadband. In 2016,

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990-459: The Smartphone became Windows Mobile Standard; and the classic phone-less Pocket PC (which by now had become a niche) became Windows Mobile Classic. The Pocket PC/Windows Mobile OS was superseded by Windows Phone on February 15, 2010, when the latter was announced at Mobile World Congress that year. No existing hardware was officially supported for a Windows Phone 7 upgrade. Additionally, not

1035-441: The Windows CE.NET 4.2 operating system bundled with scaled-down versions of many popular desktop applications, including Microsoft Outlook , Internet Explorer , Word , Excel , Windows Media Player , and others. Windows Mobile 2003 Second Edition added native landscape, square screen and VGA support as well as other fixes and changes to those features already present in the original release of Windows Mobile 2003. Pocket PC 2000

1080-406: The case that is usually referenced in determining whether a network has been "accessed" is State v. Allen . In this case, Allen had been wardialing in an attempt to get free long-distance calling through Southwestern Bell 's computer systems. When presented with a password protection screen, however, he did not attempt to bypass it. The court ruled that although he had "contacted" or "approached"

1125-486: The computer system, this did not constitute "access" of the company's network. There are also homebrew wardriving applications for handheld game consoles that support Wi-Fi , such as sniff jazzbox/wardive for the Nintendo DS/Android, Road Dog for the Sony PSP , WiFi-Where for the iPhone , G-MoN, Wardrive, Wigle Wifi for Android , and WlanPollution for Symbian NokiaS60 devices. There also exists

1170-508: The early 2000s expanded the extent of this practice. Advances include computers with integrated Wi-Fi, rather than CompactFlash (CF) or PC Card (PCMCIA) add-in cards in computers such as Dell Axim , Compaq iPAQ and Toshiba pocket computers starting in 2002. Later, the active Nintendo DS and Sony PSP enthusiast communities gained Wi-Fi abilities on these devices. Further, nearly all modern smartphones integrate Wi-Fi and Global Positioning System (GPS). Warrailing , or Wartraining ,

1215-407: The film WarGames , and named after that film. War dialing consists of dialing every phone number in a specific sequence in search of modems. Warbiking or warcycling is similar to wardriving, but is done from a moving bicycle or motorcycle . This practice is sometimes facilitated by mounting a Wi-Fi enabled device on the vehicle. Warwalking , or warjogging , is similar to wardriving, but

1260-462: The firmware of an attacked router. This allows them to control all traffic for the victim, and could even permit them to disable TLS by replacing HTML content as it is being downloaded. Warkitting was identified by Tsow, Jakobsson, Yang, and Wetzel. Warflying is a variant utilizing aircraft flying around and locating nodes. It was first performed in Perth with a Grumman Tiger in August 2002, and

1305-441: The first OEMs with Pocket PC devices in 2000. The familiar desktop Windows UI from Palm-size PCs was removed in favor of a more tailored interface on Pocket PCs. According to Microsoft, the Pocket PC is "a handheld device that enables users to store and retrieve e-mail , contacts, appointments, tasks, play multimedia files , games , exchange text messages with Windows Live Messenger (formerly known as MSN Messenger), browse

1350-492: The general public, with network names like "Open to share, no porn please" or "Free access, be nice." The information was collected into high-resolution maps, which were published online. Previous efforts had mapped cities such as Dublin. Some portray wardriving as a questionable practice (typically from its association with piggybacking ), though, from a technical viewpoint, everything is working as designed: many access points broadcast identifying data accessible to anyone with

1395-553: The high-end models, some of which are combined with cell phones, to $ 200 for low-end models. A $ 100–$ 200 model was rumored to be released within 2004 or early 2005, although the lowest price for a just-released Pocket PC never went under $ 300. Many companies ceased to sell PDA's by 2003–2004 because of a declining market. Major companies such as Viewsonic and Toshiba stopped producing new Pocket PCs. Companies like O2 , T-Mobile and Orange were marketing Pocket PCs that have integrated mobile telephony ( smartphones ). All users have to do

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1440-666: The lack of a touchscreen on the latter. Some examples of current Pocket PCs with GPS integrated are the Fujitsu Siemens Pocket Loox N560 , a high-end Pocket PC with a VGA screen and an integrated SiRF Star III GPS; the HTC TyTN , a small communicator with integrated slide in keyboard; the HP hw6945 and HP iPAQ hw6515 with integrated thumb-board , GPS and GSM/GPRS telephony; the HTC top-of-the-line Universal, branded as

1485-410: The major manufacturers include HP (under the iPAQ and now defunct Jornada brands), Toshiba , Acer , Asus , Dell (under the now defunct Axim brand), Fujitsu Siemens , E-TEN , HTC , and ViewSonic . In mid-2003, Gateway Computers and JVC announced they would release Pocket PCs, but the projects were discontinued before a product was released. Prices in 2003 ranged from around US$ 800 for

1530-409: The network, even though no data is transferred. Most access points, when using default "out of the box" security settings, are intended to provide wireless access to all who request it. The war driver's liability may be reduced by setting the computer to a static IP, instead of using DHCP , preventing the network from granting the computer an IP address or logging the connection. In the United States,

1575-428: The networks, merely logging broadcast addresses. This can be likened to listening to a radio station that happens to be broadcasting in the area or with other forms of DXing . With other types of software, such as NetStumbler , the wardriver actively sends probe messages, and the access point responds per design. The legality of active wardriving is less certain, since the wardriver temporarily becomes "associated" with

1620-450: The officially distributed and freely downloadable development kit. Several phones running Windows Mobile 6.1 can be updated to Windows Mobile 6.5. Microsoft's Windows Mobile 6.1 was announced on April 1, 2008, and introduced instant messaging-like texting. Windows Mobile 6.1 was built upon Windows CE 5 . Microsoft's Windows Mobile 6, internally code-named 'Crossbow', was officially released by Microsoft on February 12, 2007. Mobile 6

1665-609: The operating system generally stored user-installed applications and data in RAM , which meant that if the battery was depleted the device would lose all of its data. Windows Mobile 5.0 solved this problem by storing all user data in persistent (flash) memory, leaving the RAM to be used only for running applications, as it would be on a desktop computer. As a result, Windows Mobile 5.0 Pocket PCs generally had more flash memory, and less RAM, compared to earlier devices. Windows Mobile 2003 consisted of

1710-513: The service anymore. The changes were made due to patent infringement allegations by Skyhook. In February 2020, Deutsche Telekom announced that Skyhook became one of its technology partners. In April 2020, Skyhook partnered with Kyocera to provide location services to DuraXV Extreme, a rugged flip phone. Skyhook and Combain announced a collaboration in a common press release issued in April 2020. In 2022, Qualcomm acquired Skyhook. Skyhook offers

1755-442: The tracking of the position of friends, and geotagging . In December 2004, a class of 100 undergraduates worked to map the city of Seattle, Washington over several weeks. They found 5,225 access points; 44% were secured with WEP encryption, 52% were open, and 3% were pay-for-access. They noticed trends in the frequency and security of the networks depending on location. Many of the open networks were clearly intended to be used by

1800-720: The two companies merged under the Skyhook brand, now under Liberty Broadband, which is a part of the Liberty Media family. Skyhook also introduced a range of products: Retailer Personas, Power Personas, and On-Demand Personas. In February 2019, Skyhook announced that it was working closely with Qualcomm Technologies to bring Wi-Fi positioning and location-assistance services based on Qualcomm Snapdragon Wear platforms. In September 2019, Mozilla announced changes to commercial use of its Mozilla Location Service, which resulted in SailfishOS location services not being able to use

1845-404: Was launched April 2000, and ran Windows CE 3.0 . Pocket PC 2000 featured a mobile version of Microsoft Office, a chief feature being the ability to password-protect Excel files. Pocket PC 2002 was launched October 2001, and was powered by Windows CE 3.0 , as with its predecessor. Some Pocket PC 2002 devices were also sold as "Phone Editions", which included cell phone functionality in addition to

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1890-525: Was not widely sold in the United States. The HP 300LX built a palmtop computer on the Windows CE operating system. Palm-size PC (PsPC) was Microsoft's official name for Windows CE PDAs that were smaller than Handheld PCs by the lack of a physical keyboard. The class was announced in January 1998 originally as "Palm PC" which provoked a lawsuit by Palm Inc. , and the name changed soon afterwards to Palm-size PC before release. These devices were similar to

1935-399: Was possible via CompactFlash Type II and SD slots (supporting SDIO Now!, SDIO and MMC cards). Included is a 1,100 mAh user replaceable battery (est. 4–6.5 hours, 2200 mAh also available). Some Pocket PCs featured integrated GPS often combined with mobile phone functionality. Pocket PCs with built-in telephony differ from Windows Mobile Smartphone Edition devices in several respects, including

1980-536: Was replaced by Windows Phone in 2010 but even after versions were released based on the Windows NT kernel were ultimately unable to compete with the iPhone of 2007 and Android phones and interest waned in Pocket PCs without phones. The Pocket PC was an evolution from prior calculator-sized computers. Keystroke-programmable calculators which could do simple business and scientific applications were available by

2025-500: Was still based on Windows CE 5 and was effectively just a face-lift of Windows Mobile 5. With Mobile 6 also came Microsoft's new naming conventions and devices were no longer called Pocket PCs: devices with no phone abilities were named Windows Mobile Classic, and devices with phone abilities were named Windows Mobile Professional. Windows Mobile 5 for Pocket PC was based on Windows CE 5 and contained many fixes and improvements over Windows Mobile 2003. Pocket PCs running prior versions of

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