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50-675: Sky Bar was first announced in March 1938, as the New England Confectionery Company ( Necco ) became the first manufacturer in the United States to introduce a molded candy bar with four different centers encased in a chocolate covering. The originator of the Sky Bar was a candy maker working for Necco named Joseph Cangemi. Necco introduced Sky Bar by means of a dramatic skywriting advertising campaign, and ran

100-403: A 1928 Necco Wafers truck . Necco continued its dominance of the candy-manufacturing business through much of the first half of the 20th century. In 1942, the U.S. Government requisitioned a "major portion of the production of the wafers, during World War II since the candy doesn't melt and is 'practically indestructible' during transit," This continued until 1945. For several years, Necco

150-471: A "complete the sentence" contest in The Boston Globe with cash prizes to raise consumer awareness. The initial price for a Sky Bar was five cents. Sky Bar's four different centers enrobed in chocolate were originally described in 1938 as English toffee , nougat , nut butter toffee, and fudge parfait. By 1955, they were English toffee, honey nougat, peanut whip, and fudge parfait. By 2001,

200-458: A buyer for the company could be found, most of Necco's workforce could be laid off as early as May 6, 2018. With a workforce of approximately 500, Necco was the largest employer in Revere at the time. Online sales of Necco Wafers and other products subsequently spiked, with buyers concerned that the candy would be discontinued, some even offering to sell a car for Necco Wafers. On May 16, 2018,

250-542: A confectionery company based in Boston and founded in 1856, joined forces with Chase and Company in 1901 to become the three members of the original Necco family. The three confectionery firms then moved into a newly constructed manufacturing plant in the Fort Point – South Boston Waterfront area of Boston , Massachusetts , one year later and became the largest establishment devoted entirely to confectionery production in

300-604: A former Procter & Gamble executive, who in February 2009 announced plans to "expand its brand now in the U.S. so it can expand globally later", aiming for a 30% growth in revenue by 2011. In November 2010, Necco was listed for sale with a New York broker; although by February 2011, American Capital announced that the sale was off for the time being. In July 2013, United Service Organizations sued Necco in U.S. District Court for continuing to use their trademarks after their 2009 marketing deal had expired. In February 2014,

350-500: A population of more than 8.4 million people, making it one of the most populous such regions in the U.S. Some of Greater Boston's most well-known contributions involve the region's higher education and medical institutions. Greater Boston has been influential upon American history and industry . The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders in biotechnology , artificial intelligence , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Greater Boston

400-623: A powerful scientific, commercial, and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War , the region was a center for the abolitionist , temperance , and transcendentalist movements. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in Boston. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from

450-470: Is ranked tenth in population among US metropolitan statistical areas , home to 4,941,632 people as of the 2020 United States Census , and sixth among combined statistical areas , with a population of 8,466,186. The area has hosted many people and sites significant to American culture and history, particularly American literature , politics , and the American Revolution . Plymouth was

500-597: Is defined as a New England City and Town Area . The metro area definition is based on counties, while the NECTA definition is based on city and town boundaries. Counties included in the county-based definition include: The NECTA definition includes all of the communities from the MAPC definition, as well as the Merrimack Valley communities, parts of southern New Hampshire (northward to Milford and Hampton , and

550-585: Is the region administered by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council. The MAPC is a regional planning organization created by the Massachusetts legislature to oversee transportation infrastructure and economic development concerns in the Boston area. The MAPC includes 101 cities and towns that are grouped into eight subregions. These include most of the area within the region's outer circumferential highway, I-495 . In 2013,

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600-670: The Clark Bar , Haviland Thin Mints and Sky Bar . Necco dated its origins to Chase and Company, a company founded by brothers Oliver R. and Silas Edwin Chase in 1847. Having previously invented and patented the first American candy machine, the Chase brothers continued to design and create machinery that made assortments of candies, such as their popular sugar wafers . Two other confectionery companies, Ball and Fobes, founded by confectioner Daniel Fobes in 1848, and Bird, Wright and Company,

650-730: The Köppen climate classification system), with high humidity and precipitation year-round. Greater Boston has a sizable Jewish community, estimated at between 210,000 people, and 261,000 or 5–6% of the Greater Boston metro population, compared with about 2% for the nation as a whole. Contrary to national trends, the number of Jews in Greater Boston has been growing, fueled by the fact that 60% of children in Jewish mixed-faith families are raised Jewish, compared with roughly one in three nationally. The 2020 PRRI Atlas found that 35% of

700-653: The Taunton area. The widest definition of the metropolitan area based on commuting patterns, is defined by the U.S. Census as the Boston–Worcester–Providence combined statistical area . This area consists of the following counties in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire: The total population for the extended region was estimated at 8,466,186 at the 2020 census. The Boston area has humid continental climates ( Dfa and Dfb under

750-535: The United States . The Boston Wharf Company developed the 1902 complex of four five-story buildings at 253 Summer Street and 11-37 Melcher Street. BWC named the adjacent streets Necco Court, Necco Street, and Necco Place. In 1907, 5 and 6 Necco Court were added behind the existing complex, connected by a four-story interior bridge. With nearby rail and water transportation, BWC specialized in shipment and storage of sugar and molasses. The Domino Sugar factory

800-479: The 1840s. In May 2018, Necco was sold for $ 17.33 million to Round Hill Investments LLC, run by billionaire C. Dean Metropoulos ; Round Hill Investments then went into a bankruptcy auction, with Spangler Candy Company being the winning bidder. The company was best known for its namesake candy, Necco Wafers (originally called "Hub Wafers") dating back to 1847. Other prominent products have included its seasonal Sweethearts Conversation Hearts , and brands such as

850-490: The Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Italian American: Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Portuguese American: Census tracts in the Boston CSA with French or French Canadian listed as first ancestry: Cities and towns with a population over 50,000 as of the 2020 census include: A long established center of higher education,

900-543: The Boston CSA: The 40 census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Hispanic or Latino: Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Black American: Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Asian American: Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Irish American: Census tracts in

950-403: The Boston metro area identified as Protestant while 26% identified as Catholic. The City of Boston also has one of the largest LGBT populations per capita. It ranks fifth of all major cities in the country (behind San Francisco , and slightly behind Seattle , Atlanta , and Minneapolis ), with 12.3% of the city identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. The 40 most diverse Census tracts in

1000-602: The Boston region, including the Adams and Kennedy families. Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, founded in 1636 , with the largest financial endowment of any university, and whose Law School has spawned a contemporaneous majority of United States Supreme Court Justices . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called "the most innovative square mile on

1050-649: The DVD release of New Moon (from the Twilight vampire series), Necco released special chocolate bars inspired by the original Sky Bar candy. One bar, similar to the original, contained three filling flavors—caramel, creme and peanut butter. Another bar resembled a heart shape and only contained creme. By 2014, Sky Bar had become difficult to find, but was still produced by Necco and could be found in some stores such as Cracker Barrel (especially in New England ) or on

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1100-520: The Internet through Amazon.com (in bulk) or some candy resellers. Following the closure of Necco in mid-2018, the Sky Bar brand was sold at auction on September 27, 2018. The winning bidder was Louise Mawhinney, owner of a gourmet food store named Duck Soup based in Sudbury, Massachusetts . The new owner indicated plans to resume production in small batches in late 2019. In November 2019, operating as

1150-546: The Necco building at 250 Massachusetts Ave in Cambridge has been occupied by the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research. The water tower was repainted with a double helix to represent the biomedical research being performed within. In 2005, the structure , which is still referred to as the Necco candy factory, was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . By 2005, the company's annual revenue

1200-474: The Reading, Pennsylvania-based Mega Candy Co. Haviland Thin Mints and Mighty Malt Milk Balls were sold to Minnesota-based Log House Food. Equipment and foodstock were disbursed internationally. Some unclaimed brands, such as Sky Bar , were later sold in online auctions, while Mary Jane candies, unsold at auction, were licensed by Spangler to Atkinson Candy Company of Lufkin, Texas. In October 2019, it

1250-658: The Sky Bar Confectionery Company, ownership announced that Sky Bar was once again in production, available online and at the Duck Soup store in Sudbury. Beginning December 7th, 2019, the Sky Bar was sold at a separate Sky Bar store directly adjacent to Duck Soup, with the bar being produced in the rear of the store. A Sky Bar candy bar is shown twice in the 2009 film The House of the Devil . Early in

1300-516: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found serious violations of the current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food regulation. The violations included significant evidence of rodent activity and insanitary conditions throughout the facility. This was the fifth citation for rodent infestation. The assets of Necco were sold in a bankruptcy auction in May, 2018, with Spangler Candy Company having

1350-647: The US Census definition) include much of these areas and portions of southern New Hampshire . While the city of Boston covers 48.4 square miles (125 km ) and has 675,647 residents as of the 2020 census, the urbanization has extended well into surrounding areas and the Combined Statistical Area (CSA in the rest of the document), which includes the Providence, Rhode Island , Manchester, New Hampshire , Cape Cod and Worcester areas, has

1400-512: The area includes many community colleges, two-year schools, and internationally prominent undergraduate and graduate institutions. The graduate schools include highly regarded schools of law, medicine, business, technology, international relations, public health, education, and religion. Greater Boston contains seven R1 Research Institutions as per the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . This is, by far,

1450-425: The case (1:13-cv-11754) was dismissed due to an out of court settlement. The 2011 news that the company was no longer for sale was accompanied by reports that the company had supplied the city of Revere with five years' worth of overdue reports required as part of a tax increment financing (TIF) deal the company had received from the city; those reports "seemed to indicate that Necco has—for several years—not created

1500-497: The fillings were caramel , vanilla , peanut, and fudge. The peanut section was not peanut butter —it was a peanut-flavored caramel—while the vanilla section was not quite nougat or marshmallow , but similar to the consistency of a Valomilk cup. In 1945, a Necco advertisement for Sky Bar was one of only six signs illuminated in New York City's Times Square following VE Day . In late 2009, as an advertising tie-in with

1550-481: The film, the protagonist, Samantha Hughes ( Jocelin Donahue ) opens and begins to consume a Sky Bar while in her college dorm room. Later, during her babysitting job, she's shown eating an already opened Sky Bar (presumably the unfinished candy bar from earlier). In Dimension 20: The Unsleeping City , Sky Bars are a key plot point. Sofia Lee, played by Emily Axford , buys two Sky Bars, afterwards smooshing one into

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1600-696: The four segments. Sky Bars made by the Sky Bar Confectionary Company have no logo on the wrapper, and "Sky" or "Bar" imprinted on each segment. Necco Necco (or NECCO / ˈ n ɛ k oʊ / NEK -oh ) was an American manufacturer of candy created in 1901 as the New England Confectionery Company through the merger of several small confectionery companies located in the Greater Boston area, with ancestral companies dating back to

1650-489: The ground as a sacrifice to her dead husband and eating three segments of the other offering the last one to her mentor. In recent years, Sky Bar has been regularly featured on the Shudder original program The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs . The show sometimes invites a person dressed in a Sky Bar costume to participate in the show. Sky Bars made by Necco included the Necco logo on the wrapper and imprinted on each of

1700-586: The jobs they promised in the TIF agreement"; as of March 2011 Necco employed 483 people, including 30 Revere residents. The company's failure to meet the terms of its TIF agreement led the Massachusetts Economic Assistance Coordinating Council to decertify Necco's participation in the economic development program that administers the agreement. With the support of Revere's mayor, the city council voted to maintain

1750-478: The municipality of Boston , the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England, and its surrounding areas. The most stringent definition of the region, used by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council, consists of most of the eastern third of mainland Massachusetts, excluding the Merrimack Valley and most of Southeastern Massachusetts , though most definitions (including

1800-489: The planet", in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010. Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. The most restrictive definition of the Greater Boston area

1850-620: The population of the MAPC district was 3.2 million, which was 48% of the total population of Massachusetts, in an area of 1,422 square miles (3,680 km ), of which 39% is forested and an additional 11% is water, wetland, or other open space. The cities and towns included in this definitions are: Two definitions are used by the United States Census to define the Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metro Area or Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan NECTA , which

1900-451: The purchase months earlier. They planned to restart manufacture of Necco wafers, Sweethearts and Canada Mints, but other Necco-owned brands would not be retained. The Clark Bar was sold in early September to Boyer Candy Company , while other brands and equipment were disbursed at auction at the end of September. Candy buttons were bought by Doscher's Candies , and Banana Split and Mint Julep chews along with Slap Stix lollipops went to

1950-504: The sale of Necco to an unnamed candy manufacturer, citing "sanitation issues" it claimed it was previously unaware of. About 230 workers were laid off when the Revere plant closed. At the time, Necco was the oldest candy company in the United States. In July 2018, Necco workers were reportedly in high demand by other companies. The purchaser was subsequently identified as the Spangler Candy Company, who had backed out of

2000-409: The same time, Charles Miller started a business manufacturing and selling homemade candy in the Boston area. Clark's creation and Miller's Mary Jane quickly become two of the most popular candy creations in the country. In 1927, Necco moved into a new factory on Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge , which was then the largest factory in the world devoted entirely to candy, as seen in a photograph of

2050-596: The site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty" for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution . The Greater Boston region has played

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2100-399: The tax break, which saves the company $ 300,000, reducing their annual property taxes to $ 750,000. At one city hearing, Miles Arnone, a managing director of American Capital, had a heated exchange with city council member George Rotondo (who was running for mayor). Arnone was upset about being forced to talk about Necco's health "when you're down 30 percent"; the public exposure of the issue

2150-458: The winning bid of $ 18.83 million. However, Spangler backed out of the transaction and the company was instead sold for $ 17.33 million to Round Hill Investments, owned by billionaire C. Dean Metropoulos. They briefly operated the candy manufacturer under the name of Sweethearts, LLC. Two months later, in July, Round Hill Investments announced the immediate closure of Necco's Revere facility following

2200-590: Was acquired in 1988. The acquisition of Stark's Sweethearts , combined with Necco's existing Sweet Talk line of candies, made Necco the leading manufacturer of candy "conversation" hearts. In 1999, Pittsburgh-based Clark Bar America, Inc. was purchased, and by 2000 the company had 1200 employees. In 2003, Necco consolidated its facilities to share a 52-acre (210,000 m ), 810,000-square-foot (75,000 m ) Revere, Massachusetts , plant and warehouse, where its international headquarters resides to this day. The site employed more than 700 workers. Since April 2004,

2250-602: Was also located nearby. Success prompted the company, in 1906, to introduce a profit sharing plan. Necco continued its production while the confectionery industry continued to boom through the turn of the century. Around the same time, businessman David L. Clark began experimenting with his own candy creations in his home outside of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He began selling the Clark candy bar for five cents and shipping his creation to soldiers fighting in World War I . At

2300-402: Was announced that the Revere complex would be leased to Amazon for use as a distribution center. The Haviland division of Necco produced many candies such as Haviland Thin Mints , Bridge Mix, and others. Greater Boston Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH MSA Other Statistical Areas in Boston CSA Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing

2350-418: Was around $ 100 million, at which level it was to remain for several years. In December 2007, a buyout of Necco was orchestrated by the private equity fund American Capital Strategies (in partnership with Clear Creek Capital and Domenic Antonellis, the company's CEO). Necco announced the closure of its Pewaukee, Wisconsin , plant in March 2008. In August 2008, Necco replaced its CEO with Richard Krause,

2400-399: Was named its CEO, a role he would play for nearly 30 years. From the end of the war through the 1990s, Necco continued to acquire small candy companies throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe, and with those companies, the rights to manufacture their trademarked candy bars. It acquired nearby Page & Shaw in 1960. Wisconsin's Stark Candy Company , which was founded in 1939,

2450-453: Was raising concerns from large customers of Necco such as CVS Pharmacy and Target . In May 2017, it was announced that the Revere complex containing the company headquarters and major manufacturing center had been sold for $ 54 million to Massachusetts real estate developers Atlantic Management and VMD Companies. The complex was leased to Necco until the end of August 2018. In March 2018, chief executive Michael McGee announced that, unless

2500-471: Was the first, and exclusive, licensed distributor of Rolo candy in the US. After losing the license to Hershey , for a time Necco marketed an identical product called "Milk Chocolate Caramel Roll". Necco, still a family-run business in 1963 but having financial problems, was acquired by United Industrial Syndicate of New York. In 1978, after several reorganizations and seven company presidents, Domenic Antonellis

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