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54-552: (Redirected from Sky Is Falling ) The Sky Is Falling or Sky Is Falling may refer to: Literature [ edit ] The Sky Is Falling, the catch phrase of the fable Henny Penny , also known as Chicken Little and Chicken Licken The Sky Is Falling (Sheldon novel) , by Sidney Sheldon The Sky Is Falling (Del Rey novel) , by Lester Del Rey The Sky Is Falling (Pearson novel) , by Kit Pearson The Sky Is Falling: A Maximum Ride Novel , re-titled Fang: A Maximum Ride Novel ,

108-497: A tale type as follows: The Aarne–Thompson Tale Type Index divides tales into sections with an AT number for each entry. The names given are typical, but usage varies; the same tale type number may be referred to by its central motif or by one of the variant folktales of that type, which can also vary, especially when used in different countries and cultures. The name does not have to be strictly literal for every folktale. For example, The Cat as Helper (545B) also includes tales where

162-431: A 2002 album by Grainger The Sky Is Falling (album) , a 1980 album by Randy Stonehill The Sky Is Falling and I Want My Mommy , a 1991 album by Nomeansno with Jello Biafra "The Sky Is Falling", a 2007 song on Conviction , by Aiden "The Sky Is Falling", a 1997 song on Marigold Sky , by Hall & Oates "The Sky Is Falling", a 2007 song on The Tempest , by The Insane Clown Posse "Sky Is Falling",

216-577: A 2002 song on Stanley Climbfall , by Lifehouse "Sky Is Falling" (Natalie Duncan song) , 2012, on Devil in Me "The Sky Is Fallin'", a 2002 song on Songs for the Deaf , by Queens of the Stone Age "The Sky Is Falling", a 2007 song on Southern Born Killers , by Stuck Mojo "The Sky Is Falling", a 2008 song on The Alchemy Index Vols. III & IV , by Thrice "Where I End And You Begin (The Sky

270-798: A fox helps the hero. Closely related folktales are often grouped within a type. For example, tale types 400–424 all feature brides or wives as the primary protagonist, for instance The Quest for a Lost Bride (400) or the Animal Bride (402). Subtypes within a tale type are designated by the addition of a letter to the AT number, for instance: tale 510, Persecuted Heroine (renamed in Uther's revision as Cinderella and Peau d'Âne ["Cinderella and Donkey Skin"]), has subtypes 510A, Cinderella , and 510B, Catskin (renamed in Uther's revision as Peau d'Asne [also "Donkey Skin"]). (See other examples of tale types in

324-514: A lion halts them, investigates the cause of the panic and restores calm. The fable teaches the necessity for deductive reasoning and subsequent investigation. The Australian author Ursula Dubosarsky tells the Tibetan version of the Jataka tale in rhyme, in her book The Terrible Plop (2009), which has since been dramatised, using the original title Plop! . In this version, the animal stampede

378-531: A more involved musical was performed in 2005. This was Brian Seward's The Acorn - the true story of Chicken Licken . It is a tale of mixed motivations as certain creatures (including some among the 'good guys') take advantage of the panic caused by Chicken Licken. Later in the UK the Guildhall School of Music and Drama pioneered a scheme to harness opera, in this case based on the tale of Henny Penny, as

432-504: A musical version of Henny Penny ending in increasing literacy in the school where one of them teaches. Although the show's aim was comic entertainment, it was followed in 1998 by Joy Chaitin and Sarah Stevens-Estabrook's light-hearted musical version of the fable, "Henny Penny". Designed for between six and a hundred junior actors, it has additional characters as optional extras: Funky Monkey, Sheepy Weepy, Mama Llama, Pandy Handy and Giraffy Laughy (plus an aggressive oak tree). In Singapore,

486-597: A pea fell on her head. In 1849, a "very different" English version was published under the title "The Story of Chicken-Licken" by James Orchard Halliwell. In this Chicken-licken was startled when "an acorn fell on her bald pate " and encounters the characters Hen-len, Cock-lock, Duck-luck, Drake-lake, Goose-loose, Gander-lander, Turkey-lurkey and Fox-lox. It was followed in 1850 by "The wonderful story of Henny Penny" in Joseph Cundall 's compilation, The Treasury of pleasure books for young children . Each story there

540-425: A response called Chicken Little syndrome , described as "inferring catastrophic conclusions possibly resulting in paralysis". It has also been defined as "a sense of despair or passivity which blocks the audience from actions". The term began appearing in the 1950s and the phenomenon has been noted in many different societal contexts. Collins Dictionary describes the term "Chicken Little" as used idiomatically in

594-437: A tool for language education in primary schools. This was a participatory exercise whereby children took part in a production adapted in various European languages - French ( Cocotte Chocotte ), German ( Hennig Pfennig ), Spanish ( Pollita Chiquita ), Italian ( Sabrina Gallina ) - as well as using English. A very early example containing the basic motif and many of the elements of the tale is some 25 centuries old and appears in

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648-576: Is Falling In)", a 2003 song on Hail to the Thief by Radiohead Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title The Sky Is Falling . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Sky_Is_Falling&oldid=1232815781 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

702-519: Is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies . The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961 ), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index

756-541: Is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature . Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn devised a preliminary analysis of some 40 tale "formulae" as introduction to his book of Greek and Albanian folktales , published in 1864. Reverend Sabine Baring-Gould , in 1866, translated von Hahn's list and extended it to 52 tale types, which he called "story radicals" . Folklorist J. Jacobs expanded

810-403: Is convinced by him that the sky is falling and whips the farmyard into mass hysteria , which the unscrupulous fox manipulates for his own benefit. The dark comedy is used as an allegory for the idea that fear-mongering weakens the war effort and costs lives. It is also one of the versions of the story in which Chicken Little appears as a character distinct from Henny Penny. The second Disney film

864-405: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Henny Penny The story is listed as Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index type 20C, which includes international examples of folktales that make light of paranoia and mass hysteria . There are several Western versions of the story, of which the best-known concerns a chick which believes that the sky

918-541: Is falling when an acorn falls on its head. The chick decides to tell the king and, on its journey, meets other animals which join it in the quest. After this point, there are many endings. In the most familiar, a fox invites them to its lair and then eats them all. In most retellings, the animals have rhyming names, commonly Chicken Licken or Chicken Little, Henny Penny or Hen-Len, Cocky Locky, Ducky Lucky or Ducky Daddles, Drakey Lakey, Goosey Loosey or Goosey Poosey, Gander Lander, Turkey Lurkey, and Foxy Loxy or Foxy Woxy. In

972-565: Is halted by a bear, rather than a lion, and the ending has been changed from the Tibetan original. The Br'er Rabbit story, "Brother Rabbit Takes Some Exercise", is closer to the Eastern versions. In this story, Br'er Rabbit initiates the panic but does not take part in the mass flight, although Br'er Fox does. In this case it is Br'er Terrapin that leads the animals back to question Br'er Rabbit. Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson%E2%80%93Uther Index The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index ( ATU Index )

1026-509: Is presented as if it were a separate book; this version also had two illustrations by Harrison Weir . In reality the story is a repetition of the Chambers narration in standard English, except that the dialect phrase "so she gaed , and she gaed, and she gaed" is retained and the cause of panic is mistranslated as "the clouds are falling". Benjamin Thorpe's translation of Thiele's Danish story

1080-406: The motifs by which they are classified. Furthermore, Propp contended that using a "macro-level" analysis means that the stories that share motifs might not be classified together, while stories with wide divergences may be grouped under one tale type because the index must select some features as salient. He also observed that although the distinction between animal tales and tales of the fantastic

1134-507: The online resource links at the end of this article.) As an example, the entry for 510A in the ATU index (with cross-references to motifs in Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk Literature in square brackets, and variants in parentheses) reads: 510A Cinderella . (Cenerentola, Cendrillon, Aschenputtel.) A young woman is mistreated by her stepmother and stepsisters [S31, L55] and has to live in

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1188-557: The American story, as in the Danish, they are not given any specific motivation. In all versions they are eaten by the fox, although in different circumstances. The name "Chicken Little" and the fable's central phrase The sky is falling! have been applied in contexts where people are accused of being unreasonably afraid, or to those trying to incite an unreasonable fear in those around them. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary shows 1895 as

1242-586: The Buddhist scriptures as the Daddabha Jataka (J 322). In it, the Buddha , upon hearing about some particular religious practices, comments that there is no special merit in them, but rather that they are "like the noise the hare heard." He then tells the story of a hare disturbed by a falling fruit who believes that the earth is coming to an end. The hare starts a stampede among the other animals until

1296-526: The English band Happy Mondays included the refrain: "Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Goosey Loosey/ Turkey Lurky, Tricky Licky, Ducky Lucky/ I'd say we're all on the move when the sound's falling in.” In the US there are many CDs, films, novels, and songs titled "The Sky is Falling", but the majority refer to the idiomatic use of the phrase rather than to the fable from which it derives. Among the several references to

1350-415: The US of "a person who constantly warns that a calamity is imminent; a vociferous pessimist". The Oxford English Dictionary also notes that usage of the cognate "Chicken Licken" for "A person who panics easily, or spreads alarm amongst others" is "originally and chiefly US" usage. In support it quotes Christian Connection 's Herald of Gospel Liberty for 2 November 1922 as referring to another character in

1404-527: The United States, the most common name for the story is "Chicken Little", as attested by illustrated books for children dating from the early 19th century. In Britain, it is best known as "Henny Penny" and "Chicken Licken". The story was part of the oral folk tradition and only began to appear in print after the Brothers Grimm had set a European example with their collection of German tales in

1458-464: The ashes as a servant. When the sisters and the stepmother go to a ball (church), they give Cinderella an impossible task (e.g. sorting peas from ashes), which she accomplishes with the help of birds [B450]. She obtains beautiful clothing from a supernatural being [D1050.1, N815] or a tree that grows on the grave of her deceased mother [D815.1, D842.1, E323.2] and goes unknown to the ball. A prince falls in love with her [N711.6, N711.4], but she has to leave

1512-408: The ball early [C761.3]. The same thing happens on the next evening, but on the third evening, she loses one of her shoes [R221, F823.2]. The prince will marry only the woman whom the shoe fits [H36.1]. The stepsisters cut pieces off their feet in order to make them fit into the shoe [K1911.3.3.1], but a bird calls attention to this deceit. Cinderella, who had first been hidden from the prince, tries on

1566-502: The clever daughter-in-law (and variants); The travelling girl and her helpful siblings ; and Woman's magical horse , as named by researcher Veronica Muskheli of the University of Washington. In regards to the typological classification, some folklorists and tale comparativists have acknowledged singular tale types that, due to their own characteristics, would merit their own type. Although such tales often have not been listed in

1620-569: The early years of the 19th century. One of the earliest to collect tales from Scandinavian sources was Just Mathias Thiele , who in 1823 published an early version of the Henny Penny story in the Danish language . The names of the characters in this version are Kylling Kluk, Høne Pøne, Hane Pane, And Svand, Gaase Paase, and Ræv Skræv. In Thiele's untitled account, a nut falls on Kylling Kluk's back and knocks him over. He then goes to each of

1674-667: The extensive body of sexual and 'obscene' material", and that – as of 1995 – "topics like homosexuality are still largely excluded from the type and motif indexes." In an essay, Alan Dundes also criticized Thompson's handling of the folkloric subject material, which he considered to be "excessive prudery" and a form of censorship. The ATU folktype index has been criticized for its apparent geographic concentration on Europe and North Africa, or over-representation of Eurasia and North America. The catalogue appears to ignore or under-represent other regions. Central Asian examples include: Yuri Berezkin  [ ru ] 's The captive Khan and

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1728-499: The first use of the name "Chicken Little" to refer to "one who warns of or predicts calamity, especially without justification". However, a much earlier oration delivered to the city of Boston on July 4, 1844 contains the passage: To hear their harangues on the eve of the election, one would suppose that the fable of Chicken Little was about to become a truth, and that the sky was actually falling. Behavioural scientists have recognised that such typical fearmongering can sometimes elicit

1782-560: The international folktale system, they can exist in regional or national classification systems. A quantitative study published by folklorist S. Graça da Silva and anthropologist J.J. Tehrani in 2016, tried to evaluate the time of emergence for the "Tales of Magic" (ATU 300–ATU 749), based on a phylogenetic model. They found four of them to belong to the Proto-Indo-European stratum of magic tales. Ten more magic tales were found to be current throughout

1836-472: The list to 70 tale types and published it as "Appendix C" in Burne & Gomme 's Handbook of Folk-Lore . Before the edition of Antti Aarne 's first folktale classification, Astrid Lunding translated Svend Grundtvig 's system of folktale classification. This catalogue consisted of 134 types, mostly based on Danish folktale compilations in comparison to international collections available at

1890-401: The original index. He points out that Thompson's focus on oral tradition sometimes neglects older versions of stories, even when written records exist, that the distribution of stories is uneven (with Eastern and Southern European as well as many other regions' folktale types being under-represented), and that some included folktale types have dubious importance. Similarly, Thompson had noted that

1944-706: The other characters, proclaiming that "I think all the world is falling" and setting them all running. The fox Ræv Skræv joins in the flight and, when they reach the wood, counts them over from behind and eats them one by one. Eventually the tale was translated into English by Benjamin Thorpe after several other versions had appeared. Once the story began to appear in the English language, the titles by which they went varied considerably and have continued to do so. John Greene Chandler (1815–1879), an illustrator and wood engraver from Petersham, Massachusetts , published an illustrated children's book titled The Remarkable Story of Chicken Little in 1840. In this American version of

1998-568: The second half of the century. Another edition with further revisions by Thompson followed in 1961. According to American folklorist D.L. Ashliman , The AT-number system was updated and expanded in 2004 with the publication of The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography by German folklorist H.-J. Uther . Uther noted that many of the earlier descriptions were cursory and often imprecise, that many "irregular types" are in fact old and widespread, and that "emphasis on oral tradition " often obscured "older, written versions of

2052-406: The shoe and it fits her. The prince marries her. Combinations: This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327A, 403, 480, 510B, and also 408, 409, 431, 450, 511, 511A, 707, and 923. Remarks: Documented by Basile, Pentamerone (I,6) in the 17th century. The entry concludes, like others in the catalogue, with a long list of references to secondary literature on

2106-559: The singer and composer Gary Bachlund used the text of Margaret Free's reading version of "Chicken Little" ( The Primer , 1910) with a similar teaching aim. Setting the text for high voice and piano, Bachlund noted in the score that he intends a reference to alarmism and its tragic consequences. The folk tale's educative potential was also illustrated in the final episode of season 6 of the American TV sitcom, The Golden Girls (May 4, 1991), where Dorothy, Blanche, Rose and Sophia perform

2160-670: The sixth book in the Maximum Ride series by James Patterson The Sky Is Falling , a novel, by Caroline Adderson Film [ edit ] The Sky Is Falling (1979 film) , a 1979 film directed by Silvio Narizzano, starring Dennis Hopper The Sky Is Falling (2000 film) , a 2000 American independent film, written and directed by Florrie Lurence, starring Dedee Pfeiffer and Teri Garr The Sky Is Falling (2000 film), aka Il Cielo cade , an Italian film, directed by Andrea Frazzi & Antonio Frazzi , starring Isabella Rossellini Music [ edit ] Sky Is Falling ,

2214-402: The sky is falling,/ Even if it wasn't would you still come crawling/ back again? I'll bet you would, my friend." A further example is the song "Chicken Little" ( Fancy , 1997) by Idiot Flesh , especially in the refrain "The sky is falling, gotta tell the king" and the inclusion of the names of other characters from the story at the end. Walt Disney Animation Studios has made two versions of

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2268-658: The story, the characters' names are Chicken Little, Hen-Pen, Duck-Luck, Goose-Loose, and Fox-Lox; Chicken Little is frightened by a leaf falling on her tail. A Scots version of the tale is found in Robert Chambers 's Popular Rhymes, Fireside Stories, and Amusements of Scotland of 1842. It appeared among the "Fireside Nursery Stories" and was titled "The hen and her fellow travellers". The characters included Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Ducky Daddles, Goosie Poosie, and an unnamed tod (fox). Henny Penny became convinced that "the lifts were faun" (the heavens were falling) when

2322-469: The story. The first was Chicken Little , a 1943 animated short released during World War II as one of a series produced at the request of the U.S. government for the purpose of discrediting Nazism . It tells a variant of the parable in which Foxy Loxy takes the advice of a book on psychology (on the original 1943 cut, it is Mein Kampf ) by striking the least intelligent first. Dim-witted Chicken Little

2376-519: The tale that do so is the title "Chicken Little Was Right" (1968), by the Californian rock band The Turtles , referring to the false sense of security that alarmism challenges, although the original story is not otherwise referenced in the lyrics. However, the song " Livin' on the Edge ", from the album Get a Grip (1993) by Aerosmith , goes much further in the lines "If Chicken Little tells you that

2430-419: The tale too: "Those who encourage nostrums and quacks are Goosey Pooseys and Chicken Lickens." Nevertheless, still other characters have appeared in the lyrics of songs in the UK. Round about 1900, Florence Hoare included "Henny Penny" as part of her suite of "Seven Children's Songs" written to fit music originally arranged by Johannes Brahms in 1858. And in their song "Moving in with" (from Bummed , 1986),

2484-575: The tale type index might well be called The Types of the Folk-Tales of Europe, West Asia, and the Lands Settled by these Peoples . However, Dundes notes that in spite of the flaws of tale type indexes (e.g., typos, redundancies, censorship, etc.; Author Pete Jordi Wood claims that topics related to homosexuality have been excluded intentionally from the type index. Similarly, folklorist Joseph P. Goodwin states that Thompson omitted "much of

2538-497: The tale types". To remedy these shortcomings Uther developed the Aarne–Thompson–Uther (ATU) classification system and included more tales from eastern and southern Europe as well as "smaller narrative forms" in this expanded listing. He also put the emphasis of the collection more explicitly on international folktales, removing examples whose attestation was limited to one ethnic group. In The Folktale , Thompson defines

2592-534: The tale, and variants of it. In his essay "The motif-index and the tale type index: A critique", American folklorist Alan Dundes explains that the Aarne–Thompson indexes are some of the "most valuable tools in the professional folklorist's arsenal of aids for analysis". The tale type index was criticized by V. Propp of the Russian Formalist school of the 1920s for ignoring the functions of

2646-458: The time by other folklorists, such as the Brothers Grimm 's and Emmanuel Cosquin 's. Antti Aarne was a student of Julius Krohn and his son Kaarle Krohn . Aarne developed the historic-geographic method of comparative folkloristics , and developed the initial version of what became the Aarne–Thompson tale type index for classifying folktales , first published in 1910 as Verzeichnis der Märchentypen ("List of Fairy Tale Types"). The system

2700-434: Was based on identifying motifs and the repeated narrative ideas that can be seen as the building-blocks of traditional narrative; its scope was European. The American folklorist Stith Thompson revised Aarne's classification system in 1928, enlarging its scope, while also translating it from German into English. In doing so, he created the "AT number system" (also referred to as "AaTh system") which remained in use through

2754-562: Was basically correct – no one would classify " Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf " as an animal tale, just because of the wolf – it did raise questions because animal tales often contained fantastic elements, and tales of the fantastic often contained animals; indeed a tale could shift categories if a peasant deceived a bear rather than a devil. In describing the motivation for his work, Uther presents several criticisms of

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2808-462: Was part of the HBO series Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child . In this modern update, the story is given a satirical and political interpretation. There have also been a number of musical settings. American composer Vincent Persichetti used the fable as the plot of his only opera, The Sibyl: A Parable of Chicken Little (Parable XX), op. 135 (1976), which premiered in 1985. Then in 2007

2862-524: Was published in 1853 and given the title "The Little Chicken Kluk and his companions". Thorpe describes the tale there as "a pendant to the Scottish story…printed in Chambers" (see above) and gives the characters approximately the same names as in Chambers. Comparing the different versions, we find that in the Scots and English stories the animals want "to tell the king" that the skies are falling; while in

2916-401: Was the very loosely adapted Chicken Little , released in 2005 as an animated feature. It is an updated science fiction sequel to the original fable in which Chicken Little is partly justified in his fears. In this version, Foxy Loxy is changed from a male to a female, and from the main antagonist to a local bully. Another film adaptation was the animated TV episode "Henny Penny" (1999), which

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