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39-534: Most of their songs are about Baltic mythology and warfare; they also play Latvian folk songs and their metal arrangements. Although Skyforger is known for their folk metal, the style on their demo Semigalls' Warchant  [ lv ] is essentially black metal . The band also has performed and recorded a number of folk songs, including the entirety of their acoustic fourth album Zobena Dziesma  [ lv ] , released in 2003. Folk elements can be found on all of their albums. In December 2005, during

78-582: A compliment to Pythagoras . In pre-modern or modern times anvils occasionally appear in operatic works by Berlioz, Bizet, Gounod, Verdi, and Wagner for example. Commonly pairs of anvils tuned a third apart are used. In practice modern orchestras commonly substitute a brake drum or other suitable steel structure that is easier to tune than an actual anvil, although a visibly convincing anvil-shaped prop may be shown as desired. In Das Rheingold Wagner scored for nine little, six mid-sized, and three large anvils, but orchestras seldom can afford instrumentation on such

117-463: A duller sound; this is actually valued in industry, as pure steel anvils are troublesomely noisy, though energetically more efficient. The hammer and anvil have enjoyed varying popularity in orchestral roles. Robert Donington pointed out that Sebastian Virdung notes them in his book of 1510, and Martin Agricola includes it in his list of instruments (Musica instrumentalis deudsch, 1529) largely as

156-693: A large I-beam . In addition, bases have been made from dimensional lumber bolted together to form a large block or steel drums full of oil-saturated sand to provide a damping effect. In recent times, tripod bases of fabricated steel have become popular. There are many designs for anvils, which are often tailored for a specific purpose or to meet the needs of a particular smith. For example, there were anvils specifically made for farriers, general smiths, cutlers, chain makers, armorers, saw tuners, coach makers, coopers, and many other types of metal workers. Most of these anvil types look similar, but some are radically different. Saw maker anvils, for instance, are generally

195-407: A large rectangular block of steel that have a harder surface than most other anvils due to hammering on a harder steel for saws. Bladesmith anvils tend to be rectangular with a hardy and pritchel, but no horn. Such designs have originated in diverse geographic locations. Several styles of anvils include, Bavarian, French Pig anvil, Austrian, and Chinese turtle anvil. The Bavarian style is known for

234-570: A one-time multi-media concert – metal opera "Kurbads. The Son of The Mare" – at Lielezers open-air stage in Limbaži as a part of a programme for 100th Anniversary of the Latvian Republic . On February 14, 2018, the performance was awarded Kilogram of Culture award as the "Surprise of the Year". On June 17, 2018, Skyforger played a special concert at the festival Zobens un Lemess commemorating

273-478: A process that began in the 15th century and continued for at least a century afterward. While no native texts survive detailing the mythology of the Baltic peoples during the pagan period, knowledge of such beliefs may be gained from Roman and German chronicles, from later folklore, from etymology and from the reconstructions of comparative mythology . While the early chronicles (14th and 15th century) were largely

312-428: A small anvil integrated into its design. Anvils were first made of stone , then bronze , and later wrought iron . As steel became more readily available, anvils were faced with it. This was done to give the anvil a hard face and to stop the anvil from deforming from impact. Many regional styles of anvils evolved through time from the simple block that was first used by smiths . The majority of anvils found today in

351-479: A softer pad for chisel work. An anvil for a power hammer is usually supported on a massive anvil block, sometimes weighing over 800 tons for a 12-ton hammer; this again rests on a strong foundation of timber and masonry or concrete. An anvil may have a marking indicating its weight, manufacturer, or place of origin. American-made anvils were often marked in pounds. European anvils are sometimes marked in kilograms. English anvils were often marked in hundredweight,

390-435: Is 1600 pounds. This anvil was made in 2023 by Oak Lawn Blacksmith. There are larger anvils that are made out of multiple pieces such as “The mile long anvil” made by Napier which weighs 6500 pounds. This anvil is not heat treated or made from tool steel. The primary work surface of the anvil is known as the face. It is generally made of hardened steel and should be flat and smooth with rounded edges for most work. Any marks on

429-443: Is a metalworking tool consisting of a large block of metal (usually forged or cast steel), with a flattened top surface, upon which another object is struck (or "worked"). Anvils are massive because the higher their inertia , the more efficiently they cause the energy of striking tools to be transferred to the work piece. In most cases the anvil is used as a forging tool. Before the advent of modern welding technology, it

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468-423: Is notable in using the anvil as pitched percussion . The vast majority of extant works use the anvil as unpitched . However tuned anvils are available as musical instruments, albeit unusual. These are not to be confused with the "sawyers' anvils" used to "tune" big circular saw blades. Steel anvils are used for tuning for use as musical instruments, because those based partly on cast iron and similar materials give

507-421: Is similar. The pritchel hole is a small round hole that is present on most modern anvils. Some anvils have more than one. It is used mostly for punching. At times, smiths will fit a second tool to this hole to allow the smith more flexibility when using more than one anvil tool. The anvil is placed as near to the forge as is convenient, generally no more than one step from the forge to prevent heat loss in

546-412: Is the area of the anvil between the "horn" and the "face". It is soft and is used for cutting; its purpose is to prevent damaging the steel face of the anvil by conducting such operations there and so as not to damage the cutting edge of the chisel, though many smiths shun this practice as it will damage the anvil over time. There have also been other additions to the anvil such as an upsetting block; this

585-449: Is typically called the heel. Occasionally, the other end is also provided with a bick, partly rectangular in section. Most anvils made since the late 18th century also have a hardy hole and a pritchel hole where various tools, such as the anvil-cutter or hot chisel, can be inserted and held by the anvil. Some anvils have several hardy and pritchel holes, to accommodate a wider variety of hardy tools and pritchels . An anvil may also have

624-492: Is used to upset steel, generally in long strips/bars as it is placed between the feet of the anvil. Upsetting is a technique often used by blacksmiths for making the steel workpiece short and thick, having probably been originally long and thin. The hardy hole is a square hole into which specialized forming and cutting tools, called hardy tools , are placed. It is also used in punching and bending operations. These are not to be confused with swage blocks , although their purpose

663-448: The Dieva dēli (Latvian 'sons of god') and Dievo sūneliai (Lithuanian 'sons of god'). According to folklore, they are the children of Dievas (Lithuanian and Latvian - see Proto-Indo-European * Dyeus ). Associated with the brothers and their father are two goddesses; the personified Sun , Saule (Latvian 'sun') and Saules meita (Latvian 'Sun's daughter'). Anvil An anvil

702-637: The Calico Early Man Site in North America . Anvils have since lost their former commonness, along with the smiths who used them. Mechanized production has made cheap and abundant manufactured goods readily available. The one-off handmade products of the blacksmith are less economically viable in the modern world, while in the past they were an absolute necessity. However, anvils are still used by blacksmiths and metal workers of all kinds in producing custom work. They are also essential to

741-527: The 20th anniversary since the release of their first full-length album Kauja pie Saules  [ lv ] in 1998. On 18 November 2018, the centenary for the proclamation of Latvia, Skyforger released a video directed by Kristīne Neikena and starring actress Maija Arvena Ozoliņa  [ lv ] for their song Nekas nav aizmirsts from album Senprūsija . Skyforger was involved in some controversy with one of their former producers who believed they were affiliated with Neo-Nazism . The reason for this

780-513: The US are based on the London pattern anvil of the mid-19th century. The wrought iron steel faced anvil was produced up until the early 20th century. Through the 19th and very early 20th centuries, this method of construction evolved to produce extremely high quality anvils. The basic process involved forge-welding billets of wrought iron together to produce the desired shape. The sequence and location of

819-408: The advantage of adding additional weight to the anvil, making it more stable. These bases are highly sought after by collectors today. When concrete became widely available, there was a trend to make steel reinforced anvil bases by some smiths, though this practice has largely been abandoned. In more modern times, anvils have been placed upon bases fabricated from steel, often a short thick section of

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858-748: The album's songs are sung in Old Prussian ( Ei skīja, skīja and Rāmava ), while the rest are in Latvian. For the writing of the album, Skyforger recruited historian Agris Dzenis as a historical consultant. After releasing the album, the band embarked on a European tour on April 8. In 2016, Senprūsija received the Annual Latvian Music Recording Award as the best hard rock/heavy metal album of 2015. In 2016, Skyforger also re-issued their 2003 album Zobena dziesma with 2 additional songs. On June 3, 2017, Skyforger performed

897-555: The anvil face with full force, as they may damage it; this can result in chipping or deforming of the anvil face. The horn of the anvil is a conical projection used to form various round shapes and is generally unhardened steel or iron. The horn is used mostly in bending operations. It also is used by some smiths as an aid in "drawing down" stock (making it longer and thinner). Some anvils, mainly European, are made with two horns, one square and one round. Also, some anvils are made with side horns or clips for specialized work. The step

936-400: The best rock album, as well as the 2010 Latvian Metal Music Award as the best metal album with Skyforger also winning the "Best Metal Band" category. Skyforger was featured on BBC 's series "Close-Up" episode on Latvian folk music . In 2015, the band released their 6th studio album titled Senprūsija  [ lv ] dedicated to the now extinct Baltic people Old Prussians . Two of

975-437: The face will be transferred to the work. Also, sharp edges tend to cut into the metal being worked and may cause cracks to form in the workpiece. The face is hardened and tempered to resist the blows of the smith's hammer, so the anvil face does not deform under repeated use. A hard anvil face also reduces the amount of force lost in each hammer blow. Hammers, tools, and work pieces of hardened steel should never directly strike

1014-572: The forge-welds varied between different anvil makers and the kind of anvil being made. At the same time cast iron anvils with steel faces were being made in the United States. At the dawn of the 20th century solid cast steel anvils began to be produced, as well as two piece forged anvils made from closed die forgings . Modern anvils are generally made entirely from steel. There are many references to anvils in ancient Greek and Egyptian writings, including Homer 's works. They have been found at

1053-490: The impact and will crack and dent. Also, cast iron anvils without a hard steel face do not have the rebound that a harder anvil would and will tire out the smith. Historically, some anvils have been made with a smooth top working face of hardened steel welded to a cast iron or wrought iron body, though this manufacturing method is no longer in use. At one end, the common smith's anvil has a projecting conical bick ( beak , horn ) used for hammering curved work pieces. The other end

1092-662: The main characters tries to have a conversation about "Where did all the anvils go?", a reference to their falling out of use on a general scale. Animaniacs made frequent gags on the topic throughout its run, even having a kingdom named Anvilania, whose sole national product is anvils. Dwarves were blacksmiths who used anvils for metalworking in C. S. Lewis 's The Chronicles of Narnia , most iconically on The Magician's Nephew and Prince Caspian ; as well as in J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Hobbit . Anvils have been used as percussion instruments in several famous musical compositions , including: Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen

1131-599: The marking consisting of three numbers, indicating hundredweight , quarter hundredweight and pounds. For example, a 3-1-5, if such an anvil existed, would be 3×112   lb + 1×28   lb + 5 lb = 369 lb ≈ 168 kg. Cheap anvils made from inferior steel or cast iron and often sold at retail hardware stores, are considered unsuitable for serious use, and are often derisively referred to as "ASOs", or "anvil shaped objects". Amateur smiths have used lengths of railroad rail, forklift tines, or even simple blocks of steel as makeshift anvils. A metalworking vise may have

1170-529: The other, is a standard prop for cartoon gags , as the epitome of a heavy and clumsy object that is perfect for dropping onto an antagonist. This visual metaphor is common, for example, in Warner Brothers ' Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts, such as those with Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner . Anvils in cartoons were also referenced in an episode of Gilmore Girls , where one of

1209-549: The presentation of their album, Semigalls' Warchant , the band announced their next album would be experimentation with thrash metal . They later pointed out that Latvian history still has enough untold stories, meaning their lyrics will retain their folk/pagan fashion. In 2010, Skyforger signed with American label Metal Blade Records and released their 5th studio album Kurbads about the deeds of mythical Latvian warrior Kurbads  [ lv ] , son of mare . The album received 2010 Annual Latvian Music Recording Award as

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1248-538: The product of missionaries who sought to eradicate the native paganism of the Baltic peoples, rich material survives into Baltic folklore. This material has been of particular value in Indo-European studies as, like the Baltic languages , it is considered by scholars to be notably conservative, reflecting elements of Proto-Indo-European religion . The Indo-European Divine Twins are particularly well represented as

1287-498: The sloped brow. The brow was first used in medieval times to make armor on the church windows below the brow. Common manufactures include, Söding Halbach and Holthaus. This style of anvil is known not to sway in the face due to the extra mass with the brow. The common blacksmith 's anvil is made of either forged or cast steel, forged wrought iron with a hard steel face or cast iron with a hard steel face. Cast iron anvils are not used for forging as they are incapable of standing up to

1326-458: The swastika (or as called here - Thundercross) was a sign of the pagan god of Thunder, and it gives protection against evil things. On the first two album sleeves we even included labels which read "No Nazi stuff here" to avoid misunderstanding, and prevent false interpretation of the symbol. The Thundercross existed long before the NS regime of 1930s. Sadly, it seems that there is still prejudices against

1365-441: The symbol alive today; therefore Skyforger has removed the symbol from the logo permanently. Baltic mythology Baltic mythology is the body of mythology of the Baltic peoples stemming from Baltic paganism and continuing after Christianization and into Baltic folklore. Baltic mythology ultimately stems from Proto-Indo-European mythology . The Baltic region was one of the last regions of Europe to be Christianized,

1404-495: The work done by farriers . Anvil firing is the practice of firing an anvil into the air using gunpowder . It has been popular in California , the eastern United States and the southern United States , much like how fireworks are used today. There is a growing interest in re-enacting this "ancient tradition" in the US, which has now spread to England. A typical metalworker's anvil, with horn at one end and flat face at

1443-443: The work piece. An anvil needs to be placed upon a sturdy base made from an impact and fire resistant material. Common methods of attaching an anvil are spikes, chains, steel or iron straps, clips, bolts where there are holes provided, and cables. The most common base traditionally was a hard wood log or large timber buried several feet into the floor of the forge shop. In the industrial era, cast iron bases became available. They had

1482-685: Was the cover of their album Pērkoņkalve , which depicts Baltic god of thunder Pērkons wearing a belt buckle adorned with a swastika and striking an anvil , as well as the swastika incorporated in Skyforger's logo. Some websites had therefore listed Skyforger as a Neo-Nazi band. The band addressed the controversy on their website, writing: Skyforger has never been interested in any kind of national-socialistic ideology. Also not in any other ideologies whatsoever. All album themes and lyrics simply display pure Latvian pagan art and symbols, which have been used for thousands of years. (..) To our people,

1521-401: Was the primary tool of metal workers. The great majority of modern anvils are made of cast steel that has been heat treated by either flame or electric induction . Inexpensive anvils have been made of cast iron and low-quality steel, but are considered unsuitable for serious use, as they deform and lack rebound when struck. The largest single piece tool steel anvil that is heat treated

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