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20-820: Reykjavík, AM 557 4to, known as Skálholtsbók ( Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈskaulˌhɔl̥(t)sˌpouːk] , the Book of Skálholt ), is an Icelandic saga-manuscript. It is now fragmentary: three gatherings of eight leaves and twenty individual leaves have been lost, leaving only 48 leaves. Nevertheless, it contains, in whole or in part, Valdimars saga , Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu , Hallfreðar saga vandræðaskálds , Hrafns saga Sveinbjarnarsonar , Eiríks saga rauða (complete), Rögnvalds þáttur og Rauðs (complete), Dámusta saga , Hróa þáttur heimska , Eiríks saga víðförla , Stúfs saga (complete), Karls þáttur vesæla (complete) and Sveinka þáttur . It seems likely to have been written by Ólafur Loftsson (d. c. 1458),

40-519: A ceremony held immediately after the ratification of the treaty in 1971. The first consignment of manuscripts was dispatched from Copenhagen to Reykjavík in June 1973 and the last two were handed over in June 1997. Altogether a total of 1,666 manuscripts, and all the Icelandic charters and apographa , have been transferred to Iceland, slightly over half the collection, in addition to 141 manuscripts from

60-476: A state school. Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus , boat or plane . A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter. A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter. Anglo-Saxon charters are documents from

80-427: A university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction. A charter of " Inspeximus " (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where

100-539: Is wholly or chiefly concerned with Iceland — were to be transferred to the newly established Icelandic Manuscript Institute (now the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies , Icelandic : Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum ), a part of the University of Iceland . It further provided for the transfer from the Danish Royal Library ( Det kongelige Bibliotek ) of manuscripts belonging to

120-560: The English language from the Old French charte , via Latin charta , and ultimately from Greek χάρτης ( khartes , meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges. The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school , for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from

140-576: The early medieval period in Britain which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment , in Latin but often with sections in the vernacular, describing the bounds of estates, which often correspond closely to modern parish boundaries. The earliest surviving charters were drawn up in the 670s; the oldest surviving charters granted land to the Church , but from

160-462: The prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty ), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients. The word entered

180-406: The terms of reference ) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from

200-510: The 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people . The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies , and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown ." Although charter colonies were not

220-652: The Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection was added to UNESCO 's Memory of the World Register in recognition of its historical value. In 2019 the Arnamagnæan Institute announced that one of the manuscripts in the collection (AM 377 fol.) was identified as Ferdinand Columbus 's Libro de los Epítomes . Charter A charter is the grant of authority or rights , stating that the granter formally recognizes

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240-645: The Danish Royal Library. Of the manuscripts remaining in Copenhagen, about half is Icelandic but are either copies made in Copenhagen, have as their chief concern matters not directly related to Iceland, e.g. the histories of the kings of Norway and Denmark, religious texts or translations from Latin and other languages. The remainder of the collection comprises the Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and continental European manuscripts mentioned above. In 2009

260-571: The University Library. The collection has been augmented over the years through individual purchases and gifts and the acquisition of a number of smaller collections, for example, that of the Danish grammarian Rasmus Rask , bringing the total number of items to around 3000. In 1956 the Arnamagnæan Institute ( Danish : Det Arnamagnæanske Institut , now Den Arnamagnæanske Samling ) was established to care for and further

280-505: The laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter . Charters for chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta . In project management , a project charter or project definition (sometimes called

300-466: The legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters. At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies ) are generally now used instead. A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise

320-862: The most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant. A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code . A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body , including (but not necessarily limited to) cities , counties , towns , townships , charter townships , villages , and boroughs . Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under

340-478: The project charter. In medieval Europe, royal charters were used to create cities (i.e., localities with recognised legal rights and privileges). The date that such a charter was granted is considered to be when a city was "founded", regardless of when the locality originally began to be settled. The Charter of 1814 , France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration , was thus called to promote

360-533: The same categories as the manuscripts relinquished by the Arnamagnæan Institute, and contained a special clause relating to the transfer to Iceland of two manuscripts, the Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda and the vellum codex Flateyjarbók , both of which were in the Danish Royal Library (and would not have been deemed islandsk kultureje under the terms of the treaty). These were handed over to Iceland in

380-422: The son of Loftur ríki Guttormsson , in the north of Iceland, around 1420. This article about a manuscript is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Iceland -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Arnamagn%C3%A6an Manuscript Collection When Árni died in 1730 he bequeathed his collection to the University of Copenhagen , whereupon it became part of

400-583: The study of the manuscripts in the collection. Even before its constitutional separation from Denmark in 1944, Iceland had begun to petition for the return of these manuscripts. After much-heated debate, the Danish parliament decided in May 1965 that such documents in the Arnamagnæan Collection as might be held to be "Icelandic cultural property" ( islandsk kultureje ) — broadly defined as a work composed or translated by an Icelander and whose content

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