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15-515: The son of Spurius Carvilius Maximus , Carvilius was elected consul with Lucius Postumius Albinus for the year 234 BC. He carried on war with the Corsicans , and then with the Sardinians , over whom he obtained a triumph . Carvilius was consul a second time in 228 BC with Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus . Cicero reports that he did not object to the proposed agrarian law for dividing

30-691: A ten-year campaign (272). Enmity continued to run deep; they espoused the cause of Hannibal during the Second Punic War (216), and Lucania was ravaged by both armies during several campaigns. The region never recovered from these disasters and under the Roman government fell into decay to which the Social War , in which the Lucanians took part with the Samnites against Rome (91 - 88 BC), gave

45-627: Is now southern Italy , who spoke an Oscan language , a member of the Italic languages . Today, the inhabitants of the Basilicata region are still called Lucani, and so is their dialect. The Lucani spoke a variety of the Umbrian - Oscan language , like their neighbours, the Samnites , who had absorbed the Osci in the 5th century BC. The few Oscan inscriptions and coins in the area that survive from

60-503: The Twelve Tables provided for divorce more than two centuries before Carvilius. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1870). "Maximus, Carvilius (2)". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology . Vol. 2. pp. 987–88. Spurius Carvilius Maximus Spurius Carvilius C. f. C. n. , later surnamed Maximus ,

75-613: The 4th or 3rd century BC use the Greek alphabet . Around the middle of the 5th century BC, the Lucani moved south into Oenotria , driving the indigenous tribes, known to the Greeks as Oenotrians , Chones, and Lauternoi, into the mountainous interior. The Lucanians were engaged in hostilities with the Greek colony of Taras/Tarentum and with Alexander, king of Epirus who was called in by

90-404: The Roman state with her closest allies. This proposal was dismissed with the utmost indignation and contempt. Carvilius was an augur at the time of his death in 212 BC. Some sources relate that Carvilius was the first person at Rome to have divorced his wife, which he did on grounds of barrenness. His conduct in this matter was generally disapproved. However, it may be noted that the laws of

105-474: The Tarentine people to their assistance in 334 BC. In 331, treacherous Lucanian exiles killed Alexander of Epirus. In 298 they made alliance with Rome, and Roman influence was extended by the colonies of Venusia (291), Paestum (Greek Posidonia, refounded in 273), and above all Roman Tarentum (refounded in 272). Subsequently, however, the Lucanians suffered by choosing the losing side in the various wars on

120-758: The details of the war were not recorded, the consuls defeated the Samnites, Lucani , Bruttii , and Tarentines , and celebrated a second triumph. Carvilius was the father of Spurius Carvilius Maximus Ruga , consul in 234 and 228 BC. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology . {{ cite encyclopedia }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help ) Lucani (ancient people) The Lucanians ( Latin : Lucani ) were an Italic tribe living in Lucania , in what

135-559: The erection of a temple to Fors Fortuna . Using bronze armor taken from the Samnites, he had a colossal statue of Jupiter built on the Capitol , which was said to be so tall that it could be seen from the temple on the Alban Mount . According to legend, enough bronze fell from the statue during its polishing, that Carvilius had a statue of himself cast from it and placed at the feet of the colossus. The following year, Carvilius

150-572: The finishing stroke. In the time of Strabo (63 BC – 24 AD) the Greek cities on the coast had fallen into insignificance and, owing to the decrease of population and cultivation, malaria began to obtain the upper hand. The few towns of the interior were of no importance. A large part of the province was given up to pasture , and the mountains were covered with forests, which abounded in wild boars, bears and wolves. Lucanian art mainly survives in Lucanian vase painting and paintings from tombs, which

165-589: The lands of Gallia Cisalpina , although Polybius stated that this law was passed four years earlier. Following the disaster of the Cannae , Carvilius noted the greatly diminished numbers of the Senate , and with note to the uncertain loyalty of Rome's Latin allies in the face of Hannibal's invasion, he proposed that two senators should be elected from each of the Latin tribes, thereby filling many vacancies, and uniting

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180-572: The peninsula in which Rome took part. During the Samnite wars they were sometimes in alliance with Rome but more frequently engaged in hostilities. The Lucanians and Bruttians laid siege to Thurii in 282 BC and a Roman army sent to its relief under Gaius Fabricius Luscinus defeated them. When Pyrrhus of Epirus landed in Italy in 281, they were among the first to declare in his favour and after his abrupt departure they were reduced to subjection in

195-449: Was appointed Legatus to the consul Decimus Junius Brutus , who had no military experience. The historian Marcus Velleius Paterculus also states that Carvilius held the office of censor , probably in 289 BC. Carvilius was elected consul a second time in 272 BC, together with his former colleague, Lucius Papirius Cursor, in hopes that they would bring the war with the Samnites to an end before Pyrrhus could return to Italy. Although

210-433: Was the first member of the plebeian gens Carvilia to obtain the consulship , which he held in 293 BC, and again in 272 BC. Born of equestrian rank , Carvilius served as curule aedile in 299 BC, and six years later entered upon his first consulship with Lucius Papirius Cursor . They met with great success against the Samnites , with Carvilius taking Amiternum , Cominium, Palumbinum, and Herculaneum . Carvilius

225-529: Was then sent into Etruria , where the Falisci had broken the peace. He took the town of Troilium and five other fortified locations, defeated the Faliscan army, and granted them peace in exchange for a large fine. Returning to Rome, Carvilius celebrated a triumph , distributed much of the booty he had captured to his soldiers, paid 380,000 pounds of bronze into the treasury, and used the remainder to pay for

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