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45-682: Special Investigation Branch (SIB) was the name given to the detective branches of all three British military police arms: the Royal Navy Police , Royal Military Police and Royal Air Force Police . It was most closely associated with the Royal Military Police, which had the largest SIB. SIB investigators usually operated in plain clothes, although they did wear uniforms when serving overseas. Members were usually senior non-commissioned officers ( sergeants or petty officers or above) or commissioned officers , although

90-699: A Warrant Officer Class 2. There was a section or detachment on most major British Army stations. There was also a Territorial Army section, made up of CID officers and ex-regular SIB. The Headquarters SIB Regiment was located at Campion Lines at Bulford , Wiltshire. Within the RMP, SIB is known as "the Branch" or more commonly "the Feds". In 2006 the SIB was subjected to an inspection by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC). The Armed Forces Bill 2006 seeks to require

135-440: A case. Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or to a civil action. Many major police stations in a city, county, or state, maintain their own forensic laboratories while others contract out the services. Detectives may use public and private records to provide background information on

180-415: A competitive examination, testing their knowledge, skills and abilities regarding criminal investigation, criminal procedure, interview and interrogation, search and seizure, collection and preservation of evidence, investigative report writing, criminal law, court procedure, and providing testimony in court. Competitive examinations are conducted by selected senior law enforcement officials. Following testing,

225-449: A detective who has worked as a uniformed officer will excel as a private detective due to their knowledge about standard police procedures, their contact network and their own experience with typical problems. Some are not public officials, and may be known as a private investigator , colloquially referred to, especially in fiction, as a "PI" or "private eye", "private ducky" or "shamus". The detective branch in most large police agencies

270-405: A list of results is provided by the department. At the department's discretion, some or all of the officers on the list are promoted to the rank of detective. Some departments have classes of detectives which increase the detective's rank after successful experience. Private investigators are licensed by the state in which they work (some states do not require licensing, but most do). In addition to

315-825: A major war crime . Five officers and fourteen NCOs were given the assignment of investigating the Stalag Luft III murders immediately following the Second World War . In direct recognition of this, the RAF Police SIB was granted permission to use The Great Escape March as its distinct march by CAS in 2015. The Royal Air Force Police previously had one SIB Squadron based at RAF Halton with two subordinate Flights: SIB A Flt based at RAF Halton , and SIB B Flt based at RAF College Cranwell , this Squadron sits within No. 1 Specialist Police Wing. Personnel undertook

360-804: A police agency in addition to being a criminal himself. Police detective activities were pioneered in England by the Bow Street Runners and later by the Metropolitan Police Service in Greater London. The first police detective unit in the United States was formed in 1846 in Boston. Detectives have a wide variety of techniques available in conducting investigations. However, the majority of cases are solved by

405-414: A police detective, one must attend a law enforcement academy, which provides the officer with a foundation of education with 16 to 24 college units . After graduation from the law enforcement academy, the officer undergoes job training with a field training officer for a period specified by the law enforcement agency and continues to work while on a probationary period, ranging from one to two years. During

450-523: A private citizen might try to solve a crime vary from trying to ensure justice for a friend or relative, a strong dislike for crime and support for law and order , or just recreational enjoyment. As with other kinds of detectives, citizen detectives try to solve crimes in multiple ways such as searching a crime scene , interviewing and/or interrogating suspects and witnesses, doing surveillance on persons of interest , collecting evidence , acting as sources for local news , giving anonymous tips to

495-464: A probationer. Officers for the Royal Military Police undertake training on completion of commissioning courses at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . Aviators (previously known as Airmen and Airwomen) are posted to the School having completed Phase 1 training at RAF Halton . Successful completion results in the individual being promoted to Corporal and being posted to an operational unit. Officers of

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540-555: A subject. Police detectives can search through files of fingerprint records. Police maintain records of people who have committed felonies and some misdemeanors . Detectives may search through records of criminal arrests and convictions, photographs or " mug shots " of persons arrested, hotel registration information, credit reports, answering machine messages, phone conversations, surveillance camera footage, and technology used for communication. Before 2017, prospective British police detectives must have completed at least two years as

585-534: A suspect into an admission or confession as long as they do this within procedural boundaries and without the threat of violence or promises outside their control. This is not permitted in England and Wales , where interview of suspects and witnesses is governed by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and its extensive Codes of Practice. Physical forensic evidence in an investigation may provide leads to closing

630-698: A uniformed officer before applying to join the Criminal Investigation Department . Since 2017, applicants from outside the police force have been able to apply directly for positions as trainee detectives. UK Police must also pass the National Investigators' Examination in order to progress to subsequent stages of the Initial Crime Investigators Development Program in order to qualify as a detective. Before becoming

675-406: Is conducted by the police. Criminal activity can relate to road use such as speeding, drunk driving, or to matters such as theft, drug distribution, assault, fraud, etc. When the police have concluded their investigation, a decision on whether to charge somebody with a criminal offence will (depending on legal jurisdiction) often be made by prosecuting counsel having considered the evidence produced by

720-530: Is created following the civilian police Regional Organised Crime Unit (ROCU) model. Recommendation 3. The three existing Special Investigations Bureau (SIB) be brigaded into the DSCU together with all current specialist investigative support — intelligence, undercover, surveillance, digital units, forensic and scenes of crime. Recommendation 4. SP personnel are seconded into the unit and should retain their individual SP [service police] identity. In December 2022,

765-712: Is developing due to the demands of modern society . Detective service companies primarily offer investigation and surveillance services for individuals and businesses in matters such as marriage , business fraud , information retrieval , or tracking subjects. The detective profession in Vietnam still lacks a clear legal framework and can easily fall into legal grey areas. However, many detective companies have made efforts to provide professional services , adhering to ethical standards and legal regulations to build trust with clients. Defence School of Policing and Guarding The Defence School of Policing and Security

810-511: Is organized into several squads and departments, each of which specializes in investigation into a particular type of crime or a particular type of undercover operation, which may include: homicide , robbery , burglary , auto theft , organized crimes , missing persons , juvenile crime , fraud , narcotics , vice , criminal intelligence , aggravated assault / battery , sexual assault , computer crime , domestic violence , surveillance , and arson , among others. In police departments of

855-650: Is the training centre for the Service Police of the British Armed Forces including the Ministry of Defence . It consolidates training for the Royal Navy Police , Royal Military Police and Royal Air Force Police and the Ministry of Defence Police in one location, assuring consistent standards across the services. The centre was established at Southwick Park , near Portsmouth , Hampshire, in 2005. The Defence College of Policing and Guarding

900-777: The British Army of the Rhine in Germany between 1919 and 1926, the origins of the army's SIB are in 1940, when twenty Scotland Yard detectives were enlisted in the Corps of Military Police to deal with the pilfering of military stores within the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France . The unit was formed on the recommendations of Detective Chief Inspector George Hatherill (who later went on to investigate

945-589: The Defence Serious Crime Unit was formed to replace the three separate strands of single service SIBs. It is headquartered at Southwick Park, and comprises personnel from all three services. Its remit is to investigate serious crimes outside of the normal chain of command. Detective Informally, and primarily in fiction , a detective is a licensed or unlicensed person who solves crimes , including historical crimes, by examining and evaluating clues and personal records in order to uncover

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990-463: The 19th century, there were few municipal police departments, though the first had been created in Paris as long ago as 1667. As police work went from being done by appointed people with help from volunteers to being done by professionals, the idea of dedicated detectives did not come up right away. The first private detective agency was founded in Paris in 1833 by Eugène François Vidocq , who had headed

1035-691: The Distance Learning Package (DLP), coupled with a series of exams including the entrance exam. Students who pass the entrance exam are eligible for further training on the Serious Crime Investigation Course (SCIC), a 9-week residential course held at the Defence School of Policing and Guarding , Southwick Park, Fareham . On completion, successful candidates are placed onto a merit board awaiting full-time employment as an SIB Investigator. Passing

1080-546: The Royal Air Force Police undertake training on completion of commissioning at Royal Air Force College Cranwell . Royal Marines candidates are not recruited directly but are transferred from other branches where they have qualified for promotion to corporal or leading hand before being posted to the school, having completed a 4-week suitability assessment. Some Royal Navy candidates are now recruited directly. On completion of training they will be promoted to

1125-683: The Royal Air Force SIB was open to corporals and Acting Corporals. In December 2022, the new tri-service Defence Serious Crime Unit replaced all three service SIBs, which were disbanded. The Royal Navy SIB was the smallest of the three SIBs, with the SIO holding the rank of Lieutenant Commander. They investigated: all incidents falling within Schedule 2 of the Armed Forces Act 2006 ; Although an SIB appears to have existed in

1170-468: The SCIC does not automatically qualify candidates employment with the SIB, and all candidates who were successful in passing the SCIC but unsuitable for employment with the SIB will be returned to their respective unit as a Level 3 trained investigator. The Royal Air Force Police Special Investigation Branch, formed in 1918, had the distinction of being the only branch-specific investigative unit entrusted with

1215-646: The SIB to refer investigations into inherently serious crimes directly to the Service Prosecuting Authority (SPA) rather than to commanding officers. SIB recruit class 1 and 2 Cpl's from the General Police Duties employment group of the Royal Military Police , and each candidate undergoes 12 months Foundation Training to determine suitability. During training, an extensive testing phase is completed utilizing

1260-613: The SIB was established on a full-time basis. One of the first group of detectives, Frank Elliott, was sent out to Cairo, Egypt. Under the supervision of Colonel Claude Harper, Elliott managed a 500-man force which investigated crime in Egypt, Palestine and later Libya. The SIB (RMP) consisted of about three hundred personnel, including Scenes of Crime Officers and forensic technicians. It was divided into numbered units called Investigation Platoons (for instance, 33 Inv Pl SIB Regt), which are subdivided into Detachments, each usually commanded by

1305-505: The Serious Crime Investigation Course (SCIC) before going on to complete a number of Home Office courses such as SOIT, National drugs, and Tier 2,3 & 5 interviewer, Family Liaison Officer, Specialist Fraud etc. The RAF Police SIB differed slightly from its RMP counterparts in terms of rank structure, employing a mix of Corporals and Sergeants. Both SIB(S) and SIB(N) additionally employ a number of Acting Corporals. SIB personnel extensively deployed with their RMP SIB counterparts throughout

1350-493: The United States, a regular detective typically holds the rank of "Detective". The rank structure of the officers who supervise them (who may or may not be detectives themselves) varies considerably by department. In some Commonwealth police forces, detectives have equivalent ranks to uniformed officers but with the word "Detective" prepended to it; e.g. "Detective Constable" (DC) or " Detective Sergeant " (DS). In some countries , courts and judicial processes have yet to recognize

1395-523: The duration of Operation Banner , Northern Ireland; Operation Telic , Iraq; and Operation Herrick , Afghanistan in support of combat operations. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary conducted an inspection of the SIB in 2009. In 2017 a Service Justice System review commenced that evaluated the current Service Justice System, and identify ways the system could be improved, led by retired senior Crown Court judge Shaun Lyons. The second report from this review, Service Justice System Policing evaluated

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1440-433: The early 2000s where individual civilian police forces were increasingly unable to cope with increasingly complex and international organized crime investigations. The solution was setting up Regional Organised Crime Units that united personnel and resources, that better facilitated improvements in investigations and the flow of intelligence between units. Recommendation 2. A Tri-Service Defence Serious Crime Unit (DSCU)

1485-557: The identity and/or whereabouts of criminals. In some police departments , a detective position is obtained by passing a written test after a person completes the requirements for being a police officer . In many other police systems, detectives are college graduates who join directly from civilian life without first serving as uniformed officers. Some argue that detectives do a completely different job and therefore require completely different training, qualifications, qualities, and abilities than uniformed officers. The other side says that

1530-402: The interrogation of suspects and the interviewing of witnesses, which takes time. Detectives may also use their network of informants, which they have built up over the years. Informants often have connections with people a detective would not be able to approach formally. Evidence collection and preservation can also help in identifying a potential suspect(s). Investigation of criminal activity

1575-486: The name changed to replace "Guarding" with "Security". The facilities allow training in most aspects of policing, including Crime Scene Investigation. Soldiers entering the Royal Military Police are posted to the school having completed Phase 1 training at the Army Training Centre Pirbright . Successful completion results in promotion to lance corporal and posting to an operational unit as

1620-607: The police and at times even making citizens’ arrests while a crime is being committed. Citizen detectives can also help law enforcement by becoming witnesses for prosecutors , participating in local neighborhood watch groups, acting as citizen observers for law enforcement, or even aiding the police in searching for and arresting suspects as a posse . However, there have been cases of citizen detectives unintentionally compromising investigations if they lack real crime solving skills or even committing acts against suspected criminals that could be deemed vigilantism in nature. Before

1665-513: The police. In criminal investigations, once a detective has suspects in mind, the next step is to produce evidence that will stand up in a court of law. One way is to obtain a confession from the suspect; usually, this is done by developing rapport and, at times, by seeking information in exchange for potential perks available through the attorney's office, such as entering for a lesser sentence in exchange for usable information. In some countries, detectives may lie, mislead and psychologically pressure

1710-589: The practice of private detectives. In Portugal, presented proof loses significance when private detectives collect it. Even under these circumstances, the practice is in demand and governed by a code of conduct. A citizen detective, also known as an amateur detective, is an individual who devotes his or her time and expertise to aid in the solving of crime , without compensation or expectation of reward. Citizen detectives are private citizens that have no real professional relationship with law enforcement and lack any rational-legal authority whatsoever. The reasons why

1755-516: The probationary period, the officer is assigned to look for evidence. During this time, the officer is supervised and mentored by a sergeant with years of experience. Some police officers go to a two-year or four-year college or university to get a degree in criminal justice or the management of criminal justice. You can get a concentration or a certificate in a specialized field of criminal investigation at some colleges. Through years of on-the-job training or college education, officers may participate in

1800-626: The rank and posted to an operational unit. Officers for the Royal Navy Police are drawn from the rating corps as senior upper yardmen and are commissioned following training at Britannia Royal Naval College or Commando Training Centre Royal Marines . All new recruits are required to successfully qualify as an Authorised Firearms Officer (AFO) as part of their initial training. MDP officers are trained to National Police Standards and must maintain their firearms qualifications by completing refresher training on an annual basis. Officers spend

1845-582: The serial killers John Reginald Christie and John George Haigh , and the Great Train Robbery ) and command was given to Detective Superintendent Clarence Campion, head of Scotland Yard's Criminal Record Office , who was commissioned as a Major . Campion was hit in the head by shrapnel during the Dunkirk evacuation and died on 20 May 1940, the only SIB casualty of the BEF. After this beginning,

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1890-402: The special police organizations, which included special investigation bureaus. The report identified the three individual SIBs as being inefficient and actually interfering with investigations, with skill and experience issues and "overlap of function, duplication of effort, poor intelligence flows and an absence of skill transfer". The report turned to a similar issue that had been identified in

1935-406: The state examination, applicants testing for a private investigation license must also meet stringent requirements, which include college education, a range of two to four years of full-time investigation experience and the successful adjudication of a criminal and civil background check conducted by state investigators. Private investigators are licensed to conduct civil and criminal investigations in

1980-412: The state in which they are licensed, and are protected by statutes of that state. In states requiring licensing, statutes make it unlawful for any person to conduct a criminal investigation without a license, unless exempted by the statute (i.e., law enforcement officers or agents, attorneys, paralegals , claims adjusters ). In Vietnam , private detective work is not yet officially recognized by law but

2025-538: Was opened in 2005 at Southwick House , the former site of HMS  Dryad . The regimental headquarters of the Royal Military Police moved to the site following withdrawal from Roussillon Barracks , Chichester . RAF Police training moved from RAF Halton in 2005. Royal Navy Police training moved from HMS  Excellent in November 2005. Sometime prior to 2015, the name of the establishment changed to replace "College" with "School", and sometime prior to 2022,

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