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37-559: The Speyerbach is a left tributary of the Rhine in the Palatinate part of Rhineland-Palatinate . In Speyer , the river split into Gießhübelbach and Woogbach . The Woogbach changes its name to Nonnenbach , then flows into Gießhübelbach shortly before the latter flows into the Rhine. Although only classified as a river of the third rank under German river classification system,

74-440: A cataract into another becomes the upper fork, and the one it descends into, the lower ; or by relative volume: the smaller stream designated the little fork, the larger either retaining its name unmodified, or receives the designation big . Tributaries are sometimes listed starting with those nearest to the source of the river and ending with those nearest to the mouth of the river . The Strahler stream order examines

111-461: A sea or ocean . Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they flow, drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater , leading the water out into an ocean. The Irtysh is a chief tributary of the Ob river and is also the longest tributary river in the world with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi). The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in

148-696: A tree data structure . Modenbach The Modenbach rises in the Palatine Forest east of the Palatine Watershed at a height of about 460 m. Its source lies a kilometre south of the forester's lodge, Forsthaus Heldenstein , on a saddle between the Steigerkopf (613.6 m) to the east and the Pfaffenkopf (566.0 m) to the west. Initially heading in a southeasterly direction, but subsequently turning eastwards,

185-406: A West Fork as well (now filled in). Forks are sometimes designated as right or left. Here, the handedness is from the point of view of an observer facing upstream. For instance, Steer Creek has a left tributary which is called Right Fork Steer Creek. These naming conventions are reflective of the circumstances of a particular river's identification and charting: people living along the banks of

222-414: A forking of the stream to the right and to the left, which then appear on their charts as such; or the streams are seen to diverge by the cardinal direction (north, south, east, or west) in which they proceed upstream, sometimes a third stream entering between two others is designated the middle fork; or the streams are distinguished by the relative height of one to the other, as one stream descending over

259-439: A river, with a name known to them, may then float down the river in exploration, and each tributary joining it as they pass by appears as a new river, to be given its own name, perhaps one already known to the people who live upon its banks. Conversely, explorers approaching a new land from the sea encounter its rivers at their mouths, where they name them on their charts, then, following a river upstream, encounter each tributary as

296-745: A row. Erfenstein Castle and Spangenberg Castle are well known from the Legend of the Leather Bridge . About 5 kilometres (3 mi) downstream from Elmstein, the Helmbach flows into the Speyerbach at the hamlet of the same name . Below Frankeneck , where the broader Lambrecht valley begins, the Speyerbach takes from the left's most important water supplier, the nearly 20-kilometre (12 mi) long Hochspeyerbach , and changes its direction to

333-424: Is privately owned and can only be viewed from the outside. In the hamlet of Breitenstein are the ruins of Breitenstein Castle ; just over 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) down the Speyerbach from the hamlet of Erfenstein and on the left are the ruins of Erfenstein Castle , on the right those of Spangenberg Castle . The Forestry Museum Elmstein, situated in the house of Heinrich Haag , the last blacksmith , provides

370-684: The Hussars Fountain , 5 kilometres (3 mi) further south, on the Eschkopf, at an elevation of 460 metres (1,510 ft). So, hydrologically speaking, the Hussars Fountain is the true source of Speyerbach. From the Speyerbrunn, the Speyerbrunn winds through the narrow Elmstein valley, flowing East at first, then North-East, flowing past the main village of Elmstein. Above the valley, the ruins of four castles are lined in

407-497: The Palatine Ludwigsbahn railroad line between Saarbrücken and Mannheim run side by side through Lambrecht valley. The previously abandoned Cuckoo Railway line from Lambrecht to Elmstein was reactivated in 1984. Tributary A tributary , or an affluent , is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ( main stem or "parent" ), river, or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into

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444-555: The Palatine Maximilian Railway , both of which run from Landau to Neustadt . One kilometre to the east the A ;65 motorway , from Karlsruhe to Ludwigshafen , crosses the stream. On Sundays, the no. 506 railway service runs through the valley, starting at Edenkoben station. Sights in the area of the upper Modenback include the ruins of Meistersel Castle on the right bank, and the mill of Buschmühle near

481-651: The Modenbach flows through the valley named after it towards the gently rolling vineyard country by the German Wine Route . It reaches them above the village of Hainfeld , after having broken through the rim of the low mountain range between the Teufelsberg (right; 597.6 m) and the Blättersberg (left; 613.2 m). Below Hainfeld it turns northeast and, passing Edesheim , the stream leaves

518-554: The Speyerbach are Holiday Park and a pony farm with a stud farm . Because the raw material (wood) and a supply of energy (water) were available next to each other, large paper mills developed in Lambrecht valley in the 19th century. Because this was very labor-intensive work, they were at the time very important for the regional labor market. The paper mills still exist today, although technological progress has led to job cuts. Federal road B39 Frankenstein – Neustadt – Speyer and

555-487: The Speyerbach is located near the hamlet of Speyerbrunn in the municipality of Elmstein , in the middle of the Palatinate Forest , east of the Palatine Watershed . It has an elevation of 296 metres (971 ft) AMSL ; the surrounding Frankenweide hills climbing up to 609 metres (1,998 ft) in height ( Eschkopf ). Soon after its nominal source, it is joined by the much larger Erlenbach , which rises at

592-549: The Speyerbach is the largest river of the Anterior Palatinate . It is 60 kilometres (37 mi) long; its catchment area is 596 square kilometres (230 sq mi); its discharge varies between 1 and 5 cubic metres per second (35 and 177 cu ft/s). In extreme weather conditions with heavy rain in a short time, the discharge may be much higher; the highest peak was 19.5 cubic metres per second (690 cu ft/s) on 25 May 1978. The nominal source of

629-407: The arrangement of tributaries in a hierarchy of first, second, third and higher orders, with the first-order tributary being typically the least in size. For example, a second-order tributary would be the result of two or more first-order tributaries combining to form the second-order tributary. Another method is to list tributaries from mouth to source, in the form of a tree structure , stored as

666-563: The castle Schloss Edesheim , built in medieval times but later converted into a water castle for the prince-bishops of Speyer . Today it hosts the Edesheim Castle Festival ( Edesheimer Schlossfestspiele ), which includes open-air performances on the lake stage by the castle pond, fed by the Modebach. The edge of the mountain range north of Hainfeld offers viewing points from a height of 600 metres above sea level over

703-557: The course of the current Ranschgraben , taking up the Rehbach near Limburgerhof-Rehhütte and flowing into the Rhine between Altrincham and Ludwigshafen . The distributaries Rehbach (splitting off at Neustadt) and Woogbach (at Hanhofen) are both artificial; they were created in the Late Middle Ages . The ruins of Elmstein Castle , above Elmstein on the southwestern edge of the 458-metre (1,503 ft) high castle hill,

740-588: The hill country and flows through the western part of the Upper Rhine Plain . Three kilometres below Freisbach it is joined from the right by its largest tributary, the Bruchbach . After another 5½ kilometres the Modenbach discharges from the right into the Speyerbach on the southeastern edge of the municipality of Hanhofen . In Edesheim the Modenbach is crossed by the B ;38 federal highway and

777-723: The midpoint. In the United States, where tributaries sometimes have the same name as the river into which they feed, they are called forks . These are typically designated by compass direction. For example, the American River in California receives flow from its North, Middle, and South forks. The Chicago River 's North Branch has the East, West, and Middle Fork; the South Branch has its South Fork, and used to have

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814-428: The orientation of the tributary relative to the flow of the main stem river. These terms are defined from the perspective of looking downstream, that is, facing the direction the water current of the main stem is going. In a navigational context, if one were floating on a raft or other vessel in the main stream, this would be the side the tributary enters from as one floats past; alternately, if one were floating down

851-478: The presence, in Elmstein Valley alone, of three mills, five sawmills, one forge and one paper mill , all of which the drifters had to take into account. Drifting on the Speyerbach was regulated by a "drifting order" of 1320, which decreed that drifting had to be completed on St George's Day (23 April). After the palatinate had come under Bavarian rule in 1816, drifting on the Speyerbach and other rivers

888-589: The product of human intervention, both in terms of its course and its being canalized . The meanders that existed during the Spanish Succession War led to the undoing of both French and Imperial troops during the Battle of Speyerbach in September 1703. The elimination of the former meanders causes frequent floods , because overflow areas are now missing. In built-up areas, the aesthetics of

925-555: The public since 1990 with information about working in the forest, including drifting on the Speyerbach. Otto Feyock, a retired ranger, has created the Drift Path Elmstein. It has large information panels and starts in the Appenthal part of Elmstein . The Cuckoo Railway ( Kuckucksbähnel ), a heritage railway line, runs historic steam locomotives and carriages between Neustadt and Elmstein. The reactivated part of

962-640: The right of the valley is Hambach Castle , the symbol of the German democracy movement, which had an early peak with the Hambach festival of 1832. In Neustadt an der Weinstrasse the Rehbach splits off to the left at the Winzinger Wassergescheid , carrying one third of the water. The Speyerbach then flows through a narrow valley in the hill country of the German Wine Route ; both sides of

999-451: The river suffered from the canalization and covering. In Neustadt both the Speyerbach and the Rehbach have largely disappeared from view during the second half of the twentieth century. In the first decade of the 21st century, the rivers were partially restored, in order to form a green corridor . The project was completed in June 2010, at a cost of 2.7 million euro, most of which was paid by

1036-503: The southeast. The small town of Lambrecht spreads on both sides of the river. The Speyerbach breaks the eastern ridge of the Palatinate Forest shortly before Neustadt an der Weinstrasse . The ridge is about 300 metres (980 ft) above the river. On the left above the valley are the ruins of Wolfsburg Castle and Winzingen Castle , on the site where Haardter Castle was later erected. About 3 kilometres (2 mi) to

1073-559: The state of Rhineland-Palatinate The lower reaches of the Speyerbach, east of Neustadt, flowing South-East to Speyer were probably created by the Romans to transport timberfrom the Palatinate Forest to Noviomagus Nemetum , the Germanic precursor of Speyer. The water level in this section is up to 3 metres (10 ft) above the surrounding terrain. Previously, it probably followed a more northerly course, south of Haßloch and then along

1110-470: The track from Lambrecht to Elmstein follows the Speyerbach and just under 13 kilometres (8 mi) long. The Frohnmühle Mill on Speyerbach between Haßloch and the Neustadt district of Geinsheim is in working order. It has a Green restaurant and a weeping willow as a green monument . The Aumühle Mill between Haßloch Hanhofen has a waterwheel in working order, and a very good restaurant. Near

1147-472: The tributary, the main stream meets it on the opposite bank of the tributary. This information may be used to avoid turbulent water by moving towards the opposite bank before approaching the confluence. An early tributary is a tributary that joins the main stem river closer to its source than its mouth, that is, before the river's midpoint ; a late tributary joins the main stem further downstream, closer to its mouth than to its source, that is, after

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1184-722: The valley are lined with vineyards . It then continues through the Upper Rhine Valley , in a South-Easterly direction. In Speyerdorf the Ranschgraben splits off to the left. Here, the Speyerbach flows through the municipalities of Hanhofen and Dudenhofen . At the Hanhofer Wassergescheid , the Mühlbachgraben joins from the right, and the Woogbach split off on the left, taking half

1221-516: The village of Weyher . The mill was first mentioned in 1603 and worked until 1958. The classicist main building of the Buschmühle , converted in 1838 into the style of a manor house , has been used as a restaurant since 1900 and is also used as a training centre for gastronomy today. In Edesheim is the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, the little, late baroque castle Schloss Kupperwolf , and

1258-443: The water discharge was too low for rafts made of tree trunks. The timber was collected before being left in artificial ponds called Woogen or ' Klausen' , to be drifted in spring, as the snow melt began. The timing was crucial, because during the drifting season, the water mills , sawmills and iron works could not be operated and mill workers had to be paid compensation. In an account from 1832, head teacher W. Häge reported

1295-594: The water. Two more tributaries join in the next 3 kilometres: the Modenbach and the Hainbach . In Speyer , the Woogbach rejoins, and then the Speyerbach flows into the Rhine in the port of Speyer, at Rhine kilometre mark 400.3. In the past, the Speyerbach was an important freight transport route for timber . Transportation was done by drifting of logs or timber up to about 1.40 metres (4.6 ft) long;

1332-489: The world with an average discharge of 31,200 m /s (1.1 million cu ft/s). A confluence , where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to the joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary , a river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often found in river deltas . Right tributary , or right-bank tributary , and left tributary , or left-bank tributary , describe

1369-505: Was expanded. In 1822, a "Drifting Office" was opened in Neustadt. When in 1852, a "Drifting Master's Office" was established in Elmstein, the Neustadt had more than 140 km of drifting waters. From 1882 onwards, drifting was gradually abandoned. On the Speyerbach, drifting was practised until 1902, but only above Frankeneck. The last drift contained 6193 stère of timber. The middle and lower reaches of today's Speyerbach, are largely

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