Spreitenbach ( High Alemannic : Spräitebach ) is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland , located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal ).
116-645: It lies southeast of the district center, directly on the border with the canton of Zurich . It is one of the smallest cities in Switzerland. In Switzerland, a city needs a population of 10,000 or more to be considered as a city. The town lies between Baden and Zurich on the south side of the Limmat , located in the Limmat Valley. The settled area stretches along a plain between the Heitersberg and
232-408: A dense road network. With the rise of industrialisation in the early 19th century, cities became more and more important. In 1860 a drastic population growth of the cities started which lasted for about 100 years. In the 1970s, however, outmigration from the cities started. The municipalities surrounding the cities grew disproportionately, whereas the cities themselves lost inhabitants. In recent times
348-485: A negative example for urban sprawl on the Swiss Plateau . Between 1960 and today, the population has more than quintupled. No other municipality in the canton has registered such a large growth in recent times. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is: "Geviert von Blau mit gekröntem gelbem Leopardenkopf und von Rot mit sechsstrahligem weissem Stern" ("Quarterly, Azure , a crowned leopard head Or ; Gules ,
464-696: A nominally separate territory in the later 9th century but was often ruled by the same count as Thurgau. In 915, Zürichgau together with Thurgau fell to the Bucharding dukes of Swabia . In the late 10th century, the county of Zurich was ruled by the Nellenburger , and during 1077–1172 by the Lenzburger . By the 13th century, Zürichgau was divided between the Habsburgs and the Kyburger , who held
580-802: A population (as of 31 December 2020) of 12,126. As of 2008, 50.5% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 18.5%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (72.1%), with Italian being second most common ( 7.0%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 6.1%). In the 2000 census, 40.0% were Roman Catholic , 20.4% were Reformed , 7.9% were Orthodox , 14.7% Muslim , and 1.3% of some other religion. As their principal language 72.1% spoke German , 7.0% Italian , 6.1% Serbo-Croatian , 4.8% Albanian , 2.3% Turkish , 1.2% Spanish , and 1.1% each French and Portuguese . The age distribution, as of 2008, in Spreitenbach is; 1,161 children or 11.0% of
696-448: A population of 35,000 and 20,000 jobs at the end of the construction. Because of the oil embargo and the economic crisis of the 1970s, the vision changed to a more modest development. In 1981 a new construction zone plan was designated, which had a less dense settlement plan and turned away from high rises. In 1970 the first American-style shopping mall in Switzerland opened. In 1974, a second, larger one followed. Spreitenbach served as
812-542: A purely administrative division. In 1803, some former possessions of Zurich to the west gained independence as part of the Canton of Aargau . In 1804 the Kantonspolizei Zürich was established as Landjägerkorps (rural police). A cantonal constitution was drawn up in 1814 and replaced in 1831 by a radical-liberal constitution. The Züriputsch , an armed uprising of the conservative rural population against
928-530: A six-pointed star Argent "). On the coat of arms from the municipal seal from 1872, a linden and a fir were pictured. Today's coat of arms comes from a recommendation of the local historians and was adopted in 1930. It appears on a map of the canton of Zurich from 1667. The leopard head alludes to the Schönenwerd nobility, and the star to the Wettingen Abbey, the former judges. Spreitenbach has
1044-474: A small airport, Bern Belpmoos Airport . Härkingen respectively Niederbipp and Zürich are scheduled as one of the eight hubs of the proposed Cargo Sous Terrain , an underground cargo transport system those first phase of about 70 kilometres (43 mi) is planned by the early 2030s. Compared to the Swiss Alps, the plateau, and especially the rural plateau, is less geared towards tourism. It serves as
1160-410: A three-room apartment was about 1192.66 CHF (US$ 950, £540, €760) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2550.35 CHF (US$ 2040, £1150, €1630). The average apartment price in the city of Zurich was 115.5% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the canton, in 2010 , was 0.63%. The historical population is given in the following chart: In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became
1276-528: A total of 5,810 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. The municipality is located near the A3 motorway , and an on ramp is planned. The municipality lies on the frequently used Zurich-Baden highway. The Dietikon entrance to the A1 autobahn lies 2 km east of the town. Until 2008 Spreitenbach will have only an entrance in one direction (from and toward Bern ). In Spreitenbach and its neighbor Dietikon,
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#17327810619381392-632: A transit region. Visitors mainly come to see the major towns and cities with their historical sights and attractions, especially the Old Towns of Bern and Lucerne, but also Zürich, Biel/Bienne, St. Gallen, Fribourg, Geneva and Lausanne. An important natural touristic attraction is the Rhine Fall near Schaffhausen. The lakes also attract tourists, and then there are several spa towns , Baden , Schinznach-Bad , Yverdon-les-Bains and Zurzach , thanks to their hydrothermal vents . Zürich Wilderness Park
1508-718: Is crystalline basement which outcrops in the central crystalline Alps as well as in the Black Forest and the Vosges mountain range but forms a deep geosyncline in the Swiss Plateau and in the Jura (see also Jurassic ). Around 2500 – 3000 metres below the surface, but considerably deeper near the Alps, the drillings have hit the crystalline basement. It is covered by unfolded strata of Mesozoic sediments , which are part of
1624-552: Is viticulture . Grassland with dairy farming and beef production is predominant in the eastern plateau and in the higher regions. Especially in the Thurgau, fruit (apples) is important. The forests in the Swiss Plateau are used in forestry. There are many Norway Spruce forestations, often in monoculture because of their valuable timber. With respect to industry , the plateau is the most important region of Switzerland. The traditional textile industries are situated especially in
1740-479: Is 20 °C, alongside the southern edge of the Jura it is 18 – 20 °C, and in higher regions 16 – 18 °C. With regard to mean sunshine duration, the Lake Geneva region is again advantaged with more than 1900 hours, whereas in the rest of the Swiss Plateau, it is between 1600 (especially in the east) and 1900 hours. The annual average rainfall is between 800 millimetres near the Jura, 1200 millimetres in
1856-610: Is French-speaking. The language border has been stable for many centuries even though it falls neither on a geographical nor on a political delimitation. It passes from Biel/Bienne over Murten and Fribourg to the Fribourg Alps. The cities of Biel/Bienne, Murten and Fribourg are officially bilingual. Localities along the language border usually use both names, the German and the French one, officially interchangeable. Thanks to
1972-465: Is a large paper industry. Small and middle sized companies are important contributors to the economy of the canton of Zurich. The city of Zurich is a major banking centre, and insurance is also of importance. In 2014, about 1.2% of the workers in Zurich work in the primary sector (the total for all of Switzerland is 3.3%). In 2014 the secondary sector employed 145,744 or about 14.7% of the total, which
2088-568: Is highly developed. The most important transversal, so to speak the backbone of the Swiss Plateau, is the A1 motorway that connects all the big cities going from Geneva over Lausanne, Bern, Zürich and Winterthur to St. Gallen. The A2, the Swiss north-south axis, crosses the plateau from Olten to Luzern. The railway network is very dense. All major cities are connected, and between Olten and Lausanne, there are two main lines: One passing over Bern and Fribourg,
2204-422: Is much lower than 21.8% for the entire country. Of those in the secondary sector, over a quarter of the workers worked in construction trades and 9.5% worked in general construction. Additionally, almost 9% of the workers manufactured electronics. The tertiary sector employed 836,410 or about 84.1% of the total, which is much higher than 74.9% nationwide. This number has increased by about 180,000 since 2010 while
2320-688: Is stamped by the Gros-de-Vaud plateau (up to 600 meters AMSL) and the Jorat molasse hills (up to 900 meters AMSL) but is sometimes intersected by deep valleys. Only near the Jura, there is an almost continuous dip consisting of the Venoge and the Orbe valleys which are separated by the Mormont hill, the main watershed between Rhône and Rhine, at only 500 m AMSL. The Seeland ('lake land'), characterized by
2436-456: Is the Limmat. Spreitenbach has an area, as of 2006, of 8.6 square kilometers (3.3 sq mi). Of this area, 27.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 35.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 35.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.4%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes). The first historical mention of Spreitenbach was in the year 1124. Along with many convents,
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#17327810619382552-529: Is the highest elevation of this mountain ridge. The valley of the river Sihl is located in the west of the canton. In converges with the Limmat in the city of Zurich. The Sihl is separated from the lake of Zurich by the Albis Range . The Albishorn (915 m (3,002 ft)) is the highest elevation of this range. The Schnebelhorn is a mountain located near Fischenthal in the Töss Valley, between
2668-535: Is the second most common (49,750 or 4.0%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (21,334 or 1.7%). There are 17,685 people who speak French and 2,606 people who speak Romansh . Of the population in the canton, 314,394 or about 25.2% were born in Zurich and lived there in 2000. There were 291,631 or 23.4% who were born in the same canton, while 284,461 or 22.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 310,532 or 24.9% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000 , children and teenagers (0–17 years old) make up 20.5% of
2784-600: The Duchy of Alamannia , consisting roughly of the territory between Reuss and Töss . From the 740s, substantial portions of Zürichgau were owned by the Abbey of St. Gall . In c. 760 , an administrative re-organisation under counts Ruthard and Warin exempted the castle town of Zurich from comital rule. A county of Zürichgau was established under Louis the Pious , for a count Ruadker, in 820. Zürichgau ( Zurichgeuue ) remained
2900-720: The Helvetic nappes . Its depth gradually decreases from about 2.5 km in the west to 0.8 km in the east. These layers, like the ones of the Jura Mountains, were deposited in a relatively shallow sea, the Tethys Ocean . Above the Mesozoic layers, is the Molasse , consisting of conglomerate , sandstone , marl and shale . The uppermost layer consists of gravel and glacial sediments that have been transported by
3016-470: The Lake Baldegg . Another reminder of the glaciation are glacial erratics which are found all over the Swiss Plateau. These rocks, sometimes of enormous size, are of alien stones, mostly granite and gneiss from the central crystalline Alps. Taken together, they were one of the clues that led to the substantiation of the glaciation theory in the 19th century since transport by water or by volcanism
3132-466: The Lake Zurich (Linth-Limmat, 88 km ), Greifensee (Glatt, 8.4 km ) and Pfäffikersee (Glatt, 3.3 km ). Minor lakes include Türlersee (Limmat), Katzensee (Glatt), Hüttnersee (Sihl), Lützelsee (Limmat). Its neighbouring cantons are Schaffhausen to the north, Aargau to the west, the cantons of Zug and Schwyz to the south and the cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen to
3248-766: The Linth leads into the Lake Zurich and continues as the Limmat . This valley is the most significant valley of the canton of Zurich. The valley of the Glatt originates in the Greifensee and is separated from the Limmat by ridges. The valley of the Töss is gorge-like. It is located in the east of the canton and is separated from the Toggenburg area in the canton of St. Gallen by a mountainous area. The Hörnli (1133 m)
3364-462: The Rhine advanced sometimes as well until the Jura. The glaciers formed the land by erosion, but also by base moraines (very fine stone meal) often several meters thick, and by the meltwater streams depositing gravel. Traces of the older Günz and Mindel glaciation are only left in a few places because most have been removed or transferred by the later glaciations. The greatest extension was reached by
3480-535: The S-Bahn Zürich lies in the nearby Killwangen-Spreitenbach railway station and Dietikon railway station (lines S3 and S12 ). In the medium term, the new Stadtbahn Limmattal is being planned to include stops in Spreitenbach. In Spreitenbach all of the levels of obligatory primary schooling are taught. The nearest Kantonsschule ( Gymnasium ) is in Wettingen or Baden. In Spreitenbach about 57.2% of
3596-633: The Staatsarchiv Zürich houses the state archives. The canton of Zurich is situated in the eastern part of the Swiss plateau . It is entirely within the drainage basin of the High Rhine . It is characterized by Glacial landform and traversed by a series of rivers generally flowing south-east to north-west, listed west to east: Reuss , Reppisch , Sihl , Linth - Limmat (forming Lake Zurich ), Glatt , Töss and Thur . The main lakes are
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3712-790: The Suhre , the Seetal , the Reuss and the Limmat ). The Rhine Glacier has mostly left traces that trend west: The eastern Swiss Plateau of the Thur Valley and Lake Constance. In certain places, there are characteristic drumlins of the base moraine, often clustered, especially in the highlands of Zürich, in the Hirzel region, in the Lake Constance region and between the Reuss Valley and
3828-556: The Toggenburg in the Old Zürich War of the 1440s. The northern parts up to the river Rhine came to the canton after the city of Zurich purchased Winterthur from the Habsburgs in 1468. In 1651, Zurich purchased Rafzerfeld from the counts of Sulz . At this point, almost all of the territory of the modern canton (as well as some territories beyond its modern borders) was owned by Zurich; exceptions include Wülflingen (acquired 1760), Buch (acquired 1761), Dietikon , which
3944-684: The Unterland in the northwest, the Oberland in the southeast, the Weinland and Winterthur in the northeast, and the Knonaueramt southwest of the Albis . The Zurich Metropolitan Area extends beyond the cantonal borders. The canton has an area, as of 2011 , of 1,728.8 square kilometers (667.5 sq mi). Of this area, 43.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 30.7% is forested. Of
4060-475: The coat of arms is Per bend azure and argent. The Cantonal Council ( Kantonsrat ) has 180 members elected every four years. The canton is governed by a seven-member council ( Regierungsrat ). On 24 March 2019, the following were elected for four years: The canton is divided into 12 districts (German: Bezirke ): There are, as of December 2015 , 169 municipalities in the canton ( Politische Gemeinden ). There were no changes between 1934 and 2013, but
4176-417: The de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken. The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.994) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022, coming the closest to a perfect score of 1. It is also a global financial center and has
4292-480: The death penalty (the last execution by hanging in Zurich took place in 1810, the last public execution by guillotine in 1865), guaranteed freedom of religion and freedom of association and introduced progressive taxes . In 1877, the Cantonal Laboratory Zurich was founded in order to regulate the quality of food and drinking water. The first cantonal chemist was Haruthiun Abeljanz , who
4408-551: The fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt , Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita. The prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich , which are located around Lake Zurich in the cantons of Schwyz , St. Gallen and Zurich, make up a considerable portion of the 56 sites in Switzerland that are included in the UNESCO World Heritage Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps . Nine of these UNESCO World Heritage sites are located on
4524-452: The glaciers of the ice ages . Geologically the most important layer of the Swiss Plateau is the thick molasse sequence that accumulated at the border of the Alps due to the rapid erosion of the concurrently uplifted mountains. The thickness of the molasse increases from west to east (at the same distance from the Alps). The former alpine rivers built huge fans of sediment at the foot of
4640-507: The radical-liberal order , led to the dissolution of the cantonal government, and a provisional conservative government was installed by colonel Paul Carl Eduard Ziegler. Under the threat of intervention of the other radical-liberal cantons of the Confederacy, the provisional government declared that the 1831 constitution would remain in effect. In a tumultuous session on 9 September 1839, the cantonal parliament declared its dissolution In
4756-427: The secondary sector and there were 11,383 businesses in this sector. 655,848 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 58,796 businesses in this sector. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 678,306. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 8,120, of which 7,771 were in agriculture, 320 were in forestry or lumber production and 29 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in
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4872-554: The 2000 census , 497,986 or 39.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church , while 380,440 or 30.5% were Roman Catholic . Of the rest of the population, there were 29,592 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.37% of the population), there were 1,435 individuals (or about 0.11% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 70,897 individuals (or about 5.68% of
4988-685: The Aare orifice and Schaffhausen, the predominant trees are oak , tilia and maple . Humans began to settle the plateau in the Neolithic , starting with the banks of lakes and rivers. Major oppida were built after the Celts appeared in the 3rd century BC. Urban settlements with stone houses were built during the Roman Empire . The Swiss Plateau became a part of the Roman Empire in 15 BC when
5104-469: The Alps and the Jura can have the brightest sunshine. Typical for the high fog is the bise , a cold wind from the northeast. Since it is channelled by the Swiss Plateau narrowing in the southwest, it reaches its major strength in the Lake Geneva region where wind speeds of 60 km/h with top speeds of more than 100 km/h are usual in typical bise weather. The regions near the Alps of the central and eastern plateau sometimes have temperature rises due to
5220-400: The Alps. The central Swiss Plateau is characterised by a number of ranges and broad valleys, some of them with lakes, that run northwest. The last of them is the Albis range, which together with the Heitersberg range forms a bar from the Alps to the Jura that the major transportations bypass only in a few places, mostly in tunnels. The eastern Swiss Plateau is structured by the valleys of
5336-543: The FDP (13.2% in 2007), while the glp was the big winner of the election (7.0% in 2007). Zurich has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 1,553,423. As of 2010 , 23.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 12.7%. Migration accounted for 10.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.6%. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (1,040,168 or 83.4%) as their first language, Italian
5452-492: The German and Austrian Pre-Alps . Within Switzerland, the Swiss Plateau has a length of about 300 kilometres (190 mi), and its width increases from the west to the east: In the Geneva region, it is about 30 kilometres (19 mi), at Bern about 50 kilometres (31 mi) and in eastern Switzerland about 70 kilometres (43 mi). Many cantons of Switzerland include a part in the Swiss Plateau. Entirely situated within
5568-471: The Ice Age glaciers, there is plenty of gravel and clay. The gravel digging in the Ice Age gravel terraces all over the Swiss Plateau covers the demands of the construction industry. Numerous hydroelectric power plants in the rivers produce electricity. All four Swiss nuclear power plants are situated on the plateau. Because of the comparatively easy topography and the dense population, the transport network
5684-468: The Jura, clays and marl. During the Tertiary orogenic uplift , around 60 – 40 million years ago, the area of today's Swiss Plateau was a Karst plateau somewhat inclined to the south. Through processes of rising and lowering that were brought by the folding of the Alps, the area was twice flooded by a sea. The corresponding sediments are distinguished as sea molasse and freshwater molasse, even though
5800-701: The Limmat (including Lake Zurich ), the Glatt , the Töss , the Murg , the Thur , and the Sitter . Between them there are hill countries, in the canton of Thurgau also the broad molasse ranges of Seerücken (lit.: 'back of the lake') and Ottenberg north of the Thur, and the hilly ranges between the Thur and the Murg. This area is colloquially also known as Mostindien (lit.: 'Cider India'). Two hill countries get out of line with
5916-611: The Murten, Neuchâtel and Biel lakes, represents the biggest plain of the Swiss Plateau, though it is also interrupted by isolated molasse ranges. In the east, it is neighboured by various hill countries the height of which decreases to the north. Another major plain is the Wasseramt where the Emme runs. In a broad valley alongside the Jura, the Aare collects all the rivers that come down from
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#17327810619386032-405: The Romans occupied the land of the Helvetii under the reign of Augustus , and it remained Roman until the end of the 3rd century. The most important Roman cities in the Swiss Plateau were Auenticum (today Avenches ), Vindonissa (today Windisch ), Colonia Iulia Equestris or, by its Celtic name, and Noviodunum (today Nyon ). They were well connected by a net of Roman roads . After
6148-412: The Swiss Plateau are the cantons of Zürich , Thurgau and Geneva ; mostly situated within the Swiss Plateau are the cantons of Lucerne , Aargau , Solothurn , Bern , Fribourg and Vaud ; small portions of the Swiss Plateau are situated in the cantons of Neuchâtel , Zug , Schwyz , St. Gallen and Schaffhausen . The geological layers of the Swiss Plateau are relatively well known. The base level
6264-418: The canton and beyond in the final decades of the 20th century, further accelerated by the S-Bahn from 1990, with only a few municipalities in Weinland , Knonaueramt and Oberland remaining out of easy commuting distance to the city. The current constitution replaced the one of 1869 in January 2006. The Antiquarische Gesellschaft in Zürich is an organization devoted to preserving the canton's history,
6380-460: The cantons of Zurich (west) and St. Gallen (east). It is the highest summit (1,292 m (4,239 ft)) of the canton of Zurich. The Uetliberg is part of the Albis Range. This mountain is popular with the population of the city of Zurich for recreation. The vast majority of the canton lies to the south of the Rhine, the exceptions being Rafzerfeld as mentioned and a tiny portion of the village of Laufen-Uhwiesen called Nohl . The blazon of
6496-514: The central and eastern regions. During the last decades, however, it lost importance. Today's most important industries are the machine industry, the automotive industry, the electrical industry, the fine & micro mechanical, watch & electronic industries, next to the optical and metal construction. The food industry processes domestic as well as foreign produces. Furthermore, wood processing and paper converting are also important. Like all of Switzerland, there are few mineral resources. Thanks to
6612-438: The city of Zurich rose to the status of economic and financial center it still retains. Opposition against the dominance of Sytstem Escher increased after 1863. The cantonal government was accused to continue the system of aristocratic rule liberalism had claimed to abolish. The oppositional Democratic Movement was centered in Winterthur , led by mayor Johann Jakob Sulzer and publicist Salomon Bleuler. They succeeded in imposing
6728-480: The city; for this reason, the nearest station today is in the municipality of Killwangen , although it has about seven times fewer residents. Industrialization began in 1862 with the opening of a cotton spinning works. In the 1950s, Spreitenbach was still a quiet farming town with a small business community and a gliderport. However, a major construction boom followed. In the canton of Zurich, then forbidding concubinage (i.e. unmarried cohabitation, banned until 1972),
6844-406: The construction rate of new housing units was 5.3 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in the city of Zurich was 1288.84 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$ 1030, £580, €820 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 733.01 CHF (US$ 590, £330, €470), a two-room apartment was about 1009.94 CHF (US$ 810, £450, €650),
6960-410: The demand rose for housing in the canton of Aargau, especially in Spreitenbach. This was in addition to the general housing demand, which rose due to the population growth of the Zurich area. A "New Spreitenbach" was planned and built. It was planned as a satellite city : a string of high-rise developments and designated commercial and industrial zones. In the middle of the 1960s, the planners anticipated
7076-402: The east. It also has an international border with the German district of Waldshut and though only for 460 m (1,510 ft)) the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg owing to its short border with Stemmer , an outlying hamlet belonging to the municipality which forms the small German enclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein . The canton can be roughly divided into the city and lake,
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#17327810619387192-399: The fact that Napoleon 's troops camped at the pond, before crossing the Limmat at Kloster Fahr . Around 2 km (1.2 mi) west of the town, at a height of 650 m (2,130 ft), lies Heitersberg, a hamlet set on a high plateau in the Heitersbergs. Not far from there is the highest point in the municipality (672 m (2,205 ft)). The lowest point, 385 m (1,263 ft),
7308-425: The favourable climate and fertile grounds, the lower western plateau is the most important agricultural region of Switzerland . The most important cultures are wheat , barley , maize , sugar beet and potato ; especially in the Seeland , vegetables are very important, too. Along the northern shores of the lakes of Geneva , Neuchâtel , Bienne , Morat , as well as in the Zürich Weinland and Klettgau , there
7424-446: The following occurred after 2013. In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 29.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (19.3%), the FDP (11.6%) and the glp (11.5%). The SVP received about the same percentage of the vote as they did in the 2007 Federal election (33.9% in 2007 vs 29.8% in 2011). The SPS retained about the same popularity (19.8% in 2007), as well as
7540-399: The glaciers of the Riss glaciation, when the entire Swiss Plateau was covered with ice except for the Napf and Töss regions. Most notable are the traces of the Würm glaciation about 15 000 years ago. The end moraines of different glacial retreats have been conserved. A look at a map still reveals the directions where the ice age glaciers ran. The farthest expansion of the Rhône Glacier to
7656-406: The glaciers receded to the high alps (sometimes more than today) and subtropical vegetation spread in the plateau. During the ice ages, the Rhône glacier split into two branches when leaving the Alps, covering the whole western Swiss Plateau and reaching today's regions of Solothurn and Aarau . In the region of Bern, it merged with the Aar Glacier . The glaciers of the Reuss , the Limmat and
7772-411: The higher Swiss Plateau, especially the hills of the canton of Fribourg , the Napf region, the Töss region, the (lower) Toggenburg , and parts of the Appenzell region are considered to form the Swiss Alpine foreland in a narrow sense. However, if a division into the three main regions Jura Mountains, Swiss Plateau and Alps is considered, the Alpine foreland belongs clearly to the Swiss Plateau. In
7888-454: The higher regions and 1400 millimetres at the edge of the Alps. The driest regions of the plateau are in the lee of the High Jura between Morges and Neuchâtel. In the warmest regions at the lakes of Geneva and Neuchâtel, there are less than 20 days with a snow cover, whereas, in the rest of the plateau, it is between 20 and 40, depending on the height. In the winter half-year, the air on the Swiss Plateau can stay still, with little exchange for
8004-405: The higher terraces of Riss glaciation terraces. Sometimes, there is also gravel from older glaciations. Even though the Swiss Plateau forms a basin, it is by no means a flat territory, but depending on the region, it has a manifold structure. Important elements are the two big lakes, Lake Geneva and Lake Constance that delimit the Swiss Plateau in the southwest and the northeast. The western plateau
8120-423: The household, 2,506 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 560 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. The average number of people per household was 2.36 individuals. In 2008 there were 480 single family homes (or 10.7% of the total) out of a total of 4,472 homes and apartments. There were a total of 39 empty apartments for a 0.9% vacancy rate. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units
8236-406: The houses in the town were destroyed in fires. In March 1798, France invaded Switzerland and declared the Helvetic Republic . Spreitenbach became a municipality in the short-lived canton of Baden ; since 1803 the municipality has been in the canton of Aargau. On August 9, 1847 the railway between Zurich and Baden was opened. The citizens of Spreitenbach lobbied for the path to go far to the side of
8352-404: The information industry, 81,163 or 15.1% were the insurance or financial industry, 65,139 or 12.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 36,792 or 6.9% were in education and 63,800 or 11.9% were in health care. Of the working population, 37.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 41.8% used a private car. Swiss Plateau The Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau is one of
8468-436: The introduction of the direct democratic instrument of the popular initiative in 1865, which precipitated a revision of the cantonal constitution. In April 1869, a new cantonal constitution was adopted by popular vote, introducing additional direct democratic elements and the popular election of both the cantonal government and the cantonal representatives in the federal Council of States . The new constitution also abolished
8584-642: The largest classification yard of the region was built in 1978 (later expanded), the Rangierbahnhof-Limmattal (RBL). Spreitenbach can be reached from several bus lines, which end there. The lines 2, 4, and 8 of the Regionale Verkehrsbetriebe Baden-Wettingen go in the direction of Killwangen, Neuenhof , Wettingen, and Baden. A line of the ZVV goes to Zurich via Dietikon, Urdorf, and Sclieren. The entrance on
8700-407: The latter consists rather of fluvial and eolian sediments (a kind of mainland molasse ). In the following time, especially the western part of the plateau was again significantly risen, so that in this area, the sediments of the upper sweetwater molasse and the upper sea molasse have been largely eroded. A characteristic of the sea molasses is fossil snails, shells and shark teeth, whereas in
8816-550: The mentioned landscapes: The Napf region (with 1408 me AMSL the highest point of the Swiss Plateau) and the Töss region (up to 1300 meters AMSL), both of them the remains of Tertiary conglomerate sediment fans. Since they were not glaciated, they have only been eroded by water, resulting in a dense net of deep, narrow valleys. The Swiss Plateau is situated within a transition zone between humid oceanic climate and continental temperate climate. The predominant wind comes from
8932-726: The most distinguished landholders were the Knights of Schönenwerd (in Dietikon). They were forced to sell all of their farms to the Wettingen Abbey between 1274 and 1287. In 1415 the Old Swiss Confederacy conquered Aargau and Spreitenbach was made part of the district of Dietikon in the County of Baden , a unit in the confederacy. In 1541 the Wettingen Abbey acquired low justice . In 1670 and again in 1785, many of
9048-437: The most notable are Zweifel Pomy-Chips (potato chips), Bridgestone (car tires), Johnson & Johnson (pharmacy/cosmetics), Nestlé (foodstuffs), Miele (household goods), and Globus (retail trade). As of 2000 there was a total of 5,192 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 3,709 or about 71.4% of the residents worked outside Spreitenbach while 4,327 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were
9164-554: The most populous areas. Other densely populated areas are located at the south edge next to the Jura, and the agglomerations of Lucerne , Winterthur and St. Gallen . Regions of the higher Swiss Plateau like the Jorat region, the Napf region or the Töss region are comparatively scarcely populated with little farming villages and scattered farms. A majority is German-speaking, though the west
9280-718: The mountains. The most important examples are the Napf fan and the Hörnli fan; other sedimentary fans exist in the Rigi region, in the Schwarzenburg region and in the region between the eastern lake Geneva and the middle reaches of the Saane/Sarine . The eroded material has been sorted by grain size. The coarse material was predominantly deposited near the Alps. In the middle of the plateau, there are finer sandstones and near
9396-641: The municipal council for the 2006–2009 term are: Legal disputes are handled by the Baden court. Spreitenbach belongs to the judicial district of Wettingen . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 42.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (19.6%), the CVP (13.8%) and the FDP (9.8%). Spreitenbach is a distinguished economic area, because of its protruding position in
9512-401: The municipality. The Moosweg, a neolithic grave site is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . Canton of Zurich The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit ( canton ) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is
9628-414: The name of the medieval pagus , was in use for the territories of the city of Zurich during the 15th and 16th century; the term canton ( Kanton ) gradually entered use in the 16th century, but Zürichgau remained widely used well into the 19th century (becoming obsolescent after the formation of the modern canton in 1831). Under the short-lived Helvetic Republic (1798–1803), the canton of Zurich became
9744-512: The north and northwest, the Swiss Plateau is sharply delimited geographically and geologically by the Jura Mountains . In the south, there is no clear border with the Alps . Usually, the rising of the terrain to altitudes above 1500 metres AMSL (lime Alps, partly sub-alpine molasse), which is very abrupt in certain places, is taken as a criterion for delimitation. Occasionally the regions of
9860-617: The northeast is indicated by way the western Swiss Plateau valleys trend: The valleys of the Broye and the Glâne as well as Lake Murten , Lake Neuchâtel , and Lake Biel that trend all northeast, parallel to the Jura and to the Alps . The glaciers of the Reuss and the Limmat have carved the valleys of the central Swiss Plateau that trend northwest (among others including the valleys of the Wigger ,
9976-455: The other passing over the edge of the Jura with Solothurn, Biel, Neuchâtel and Yverdon-les-Bains. The train ride from Zürich to Bern takes one hour; crossing the entire Swiss Plateau from St. Gallen to Geneva takes four hours. The two most important Swiss airports are situated on the plateau, Zurich Airport and Geneva Cointrin Airport . The de facto capital of Switzerland, Bern, has only
10092-502: The outmigration has moved farther away from the cities. Even though the Swiss Plateau takes only about 30% of the surface of Switzerland, 5 million people live there, which constitutes more than two-thirds of the Swiss population. The population density is 380 people per square kilometre. All the Swiss cities with more than 50 000 inhabitants except Basel and Lugano are situated in the plateau, especially Bern , Geneva , Lausanne and Zürich . The agglomerations of these cities are
10208-488: The pastor of the Grossmünster in Zurich, and soon thereafter Zurich became a reformed or Protestant canton. Even though Zwingli died in battle in 1531, the canton remained a stronghold of the Swiss Reformed Church over the following centuries. While a plurality of the population is Protestant (43%), 31% of the population was Roman Catholic in 2004, a legacy of considerable immigration from Southern Europe. From
10324-414: The plain is dominated by the classification yard Zurich-Limmattal. The Franzosenweiher ("French pond") lies in the forested area south of Spreitenbach, near the municipal border with Dietikon . The "Altes Bad" biotope is made up of a pool and a wetland with a great diversity of plants. The municipality has set aside this area and the neighboring forest as a protected natural zone. The name comes from
10440-415: The population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the school age population (in the 2008/2009 school year), there are 724 students attending primary school , there are 369 students attending secondary school, there are 186 students attending tertiary or university level schooling in
10556-653: The population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,204 teenagers or 11.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,768 people or 16.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,628 people or 15.4% are between 30 and 39, 1,685 people or 15.9% are between 40 and 49, and 1,435 people or 13.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 963 people or 9.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 502 people or 4.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 178 people or 1.7% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 44 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older. As of 2000, there were 715 homes with 1 or 2 persons in
10672-442: The population in the canton has only increased by 73,000 over the same time period. Of those in the tertiary sector, the fourth largest sub-sector (in 2008) was financial services with 6.2% of the tertiary total. As of 2010 , Zurich had an unemployment rate of 3.9%. As of 2008 , there were 12,507 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 4,227 businesses involved in this sector. 143,231 people were employed in
10788-406: The population) did not answer the question. Most of the land is cultivated, but the canton of Zurich is not considered as an agricultural area. The lands to the north and east are more agricultural, but in every part of the canton manufacturing predominates. The canton of Zurich is noted for machinery. Silk and cotton weaving were important in the past, but have now ceased to be of importance. There
10904-483: The population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 6,461 individuals (or about 0.52% of the population) who were Jewish , and 66,520 (or about 5.33% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 5,878 individuals who were Buddhist , 6,024 individuals who were Hindu and 1,456 individuals who belonged to another church. 165,324 (or about 13.25% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 50,090 individuals (or about 4.01% of
11020-544: The population, while adults (18–64 years old) make up 64.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15%. As of 2000 , there were 531,094 people who were single and never married in the canton. There were 566,636 married individuals, 66,012 widows or widowers and 84,164 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 567,573 private households in the canton, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. There were 223,869 households that consist of only one person and 27,935 households with five or more people. As of 2009 ,
11136-421: The rest of the atmosphere, building a lake of cold air on the plateau and often a ceiling of high fog. The clouds look like an ocean of fog when seen from above, (usually around 800m) and hence are called the 'nebelmeer'. This weather is called inversion because the temperature below the fog is lower than the temperature above. Sometimes, it lasts for days or even for weeks, during which the neighbouring regions of
11252-502: The rest of the land, 20.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and 5.8% is unproductive land. Most of the canton consists of shallow river valleys which drain towards the High Rhine to the north. Rafzerfeld is a territory north of the Rhine acquired by the canton in 1651. In the northwest and southeast of the canton the territory rises towards the Jura and Alps , respectively. The valley of
11368-523: The retreat of the Roman Empire, the romanized Burgundians occupied the western Swiss Plateau, while the Alamanni settled in the central and eastern portions. The language border between French and German dialects originated in this contrast. During the Middle Ages many towns were founded, especially in the climatically more favoured lower plateau. In 1500 there were already 130 towns, connected by
11484-535: The rise of the Social Democrats . A proposal for the introduction of female suffrage was rejected in 1920; female suffrage was introduced on the municipal level in 1969 and on the cantonal level in 1970, shortly before its imposition by federal law, passed in 1971. Economic growth continued in the 20th century. A first airport was built at Dübendorf in 1910, replaced by the international airport at Kloten in 1948. Rapid urbanisation expanded throughout
11600-423: The secondary sector was 133,723 of which 81,212 or (60.7%) were in manufacturing, 774 or (0.6%) were in mining and 47,014 (35.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 536,463. In the tertiary sector; 105,226 or 19.6% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 38,005 or 7.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 33,417 or 6.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 35,571 or 6.6% were in
11716-567: The settlements Greifensee–Storen/Wildsberg at the Greifensee and Wetzikon–Robenhausen at the Pfäffikersee. As well as being part of the 56 Swiss sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Site , each of these 11 prehistoric pile dwellings is also listed as a Class object in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance . Zurihgauuia (Zürichgau) was a subdivision of Turgowe (Thurgau) in
11832-541: The shore of Lake Zurich: Freienbach–Hurden Rosshorn , Freienbach–Hurden Seefeld , Rapperswil-Jona/Hombrechtikon–Feldbach , Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum , Erlenbach–Winkel , Meilen–Rorenhaab , Wädenswil–Vorder Au , Zürich–Enge Alpenquai and Kleiner Hafner . Because the lake has grown in size over time, the original piles are now around 4 metres (13 ft) to 7 metres (23 ft) under the water level of 406 metres (1,332 ft). Within an area of about 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) around Lake Zurich, there also
11948-451: The so-called Septemberregime , the newly elected cantonal government replaced all cantonal officials with conservatives, but it was again ousted by a radical-liberal election victory in 1844. Alfred Escher was a member of the new cantonal parliament of 1844; he was elected to the cantonal government in 1848 and later in the same year into the first National Council under the new federal constitution . The radical-liberal era of 1844–1868
12064-508: The southwest, the Swiss Plateau is confined by Lake Geneva , in the northeast, by Lake Constance and the Rhine . Geologically, the Swiss Plateau is part of a larger basin that extends beyond the border of Switzerland. At its southwestern end, in France , the plateau, in the Genevois , ends at Chambéry where Jura and Alps meet. On the other side of Lake Constance, the plateau continues in
12180-418: The sweetwater molasse, fossils of typical land mammals and former subtropical vegetation (for instance palm leaves) are found. The contemporary landscape of the Swiss Plateau has been shaped by the ice age glaciers. During all the known alpine glaciations ( Günz glaciation , Mindel glaciation , Riss glaciation and Würm glaciation ), huge glaciers penetrated the Swiss Plateau. During the warm interglacials,
12296-474: The territory west and east of Lake Zurich, respectively. The territory of the canton of Zurich corresponds to the lands acquired by the city of Zurich after it became reichsfrei in 1218. Zurich pursued a policy of aggressive territorial expansion especially during the century following the revolution of the guilds in 1336. Zurich joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1351. Zurich claimed and lost
12412-518: The three major landscapes in Switzerland , lying between the Jura Mountains and the Swiss Alps . It covers about 30% of the Swiss surface area, and is partly flat but mostly hilly. The average height is between 400 metres (1,300 ft) and 700 metres (2,300 ft) AMSL . It is by far the most densely populated region of Switzerland, the center of economy and important transportation. In
12528-526: The warm foehn wind . The dominating vegetation in the Swiss Plateau is a mixed broadleaf forest with European beeches and silver firs . For forestry , there are major plantations of Norway spruces in many places, though the Norway spruce naturally only grows in the mountains. In certain favoured spots that are warmer and drier, in the Lake Geneva region, in the Seeland and in the northern plateau between
12644-399: The waterfront. The old town center, through which the Spreitenbach stream flows, lies to the south and has preserved its original character well. North of that is the modern city, with wide apartment buildings, industrial areas, and shopping centers. The extended industrial zone Neuhard is located to the extreme north, across the motorway and railway, at a bend in the Limmat. The eastern part of
12760-435: The west of the Zurich metropolitan area. Over 700 businesses employ about 6900 workers. Of these 1% are in the agricultural sector, 22% in the industrial sector, and 77% in the service sector. The two large shopping centers Shoppi and Tivoli as well as the furniture store IKEA (the first store opened outside of Scandinavia, in 1973), form the backbone of the service economy. Several leading companies operate in Spreitenbach;
12876-428: The west. In the lower plateau, the mean annual temperature is about 9 – 10 °C. In January, the Lake Geneva region and the watersides of lake Neuchâtel and Lake Biel have the highest mean temperature of about +1 °C. At the same height as AMSL, the temperature is decreasing towards the east. In the Lake Constance region, the mean temperature of the coldest month is -1 °C. In July, the mean temperature of Geneva
12992-427: Was 1.9 new units per 1000 residents. The elected municipal assembly has legislative duties. The executive authority is the municipal council. Its members have a four-year term and are chosen by majority vote of the people. The council represents and leads the municipality, and for that purpose execute the resolutions of the assembly and the responsibilities assigned by the canton and the federation. The five members of
13108-472: Was a condominium , and Rheinau (owned by Rheinau Abbey ). In the 18th century, the "inner bailiwicks" ( Innere Vogteien ) were under direct administration of city officials, while the "outer bailiwicks" ( Äussere Vogteien ) were ruled by the reeves of Kyburg , Grüningen , Greifensee , Eglisau , Regensberg , Andelfingen , Wädenswil , and Knonau . The city of Winterthur was nominally subject to Zurich but retained far-reaching autonomy. Zürichgau ,
13224-408: Was dominated by the so-called System Escher , a network of liberal politicians and industrialists built by Alfred Escher. Escher governed the canton almost in monarchical fashion, and was popularly dubbed Alfred I. or Tsar of All Zurich . Escher controlled all cantonal institutions, at first with very little political opposition, expunging all trace of the conservative takeover of 1839. Under Escher,
13340-491: Was instrumental in setting up the new laboratory, moving it from an unpromising start in converted storage rooms to Lintheschergasse 10, which was located just behind the Pestalozziwiese, a memorial to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . The Cantonal Bank was established in 1870 to regulate cantonal loans at fixed interest rates to farms and businesses. A law of proportional representation was passed in 1916, favouring
13456-409: Was physically impossible. Gravel deposits in the bottoms of the valleys are another testimonial of the glaciation. During the advances and withdrawals of the glaciers, gravel layers were deposited in the valleys, sometimes quite thick, though most of it eroded in the subsequent interglacials . Therefore, many valleys have characteristic terraces, the lower terraces consisting of Würm glaciation gravel,
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