The Spring Triangle is an astronomical asterism involving an imaginary triangle drawn upon the celestial sphere , with its defining vertices at Arcturus , Spica , and Regulus . This triangle connects the constellations of Boötes , Virgo , and Leo . It is visible in the evening rising in the southeastern sky of the Northern Hemisphere between March and May and setting until August, while at morning rising and setting from November to the end of February.
30-536: George Lovi of Sky & Telescope magazine had a slightly different Spring Triangle, including the tail of Leo, with Denebola replacing Regulus . Although Denebola is dimmer, this triangle is more nearly equilateral. These stars, together with Cor Caroli , form parts of a larger spring asterism called the Great Diamond . Arcturus is a giant orange star in the constellation Boötes . Located only 37 light years away, it has an apparent magnitude of -0.04. It
60-536: A fairly heterogeneous mixture of spiral and elliptical galaxies. As of 2004 , it is believed that the spiral galaxies of the cluster are distributed in an oblong prolate filament , approximately four times as long as it is wide, stretching along the line of sight from the Milky Way . The elliptical galaxies are more centrally concentrated than the spiral galaxies. The cluster is an aggregate of at least three separate subclumps : Virgo A , centered on M87 ,
90-574: A high rate of star formation where the galaxies overlap, confirming that they are undergoing the early phases of collision and merging. There are many other notable members in the triangle, including Messier 60 , Messier 84 , and Messier 86 . Two named groups of galaxies are the Eyes Galaxies (NGC 4435 and NGC 4438) and the Leo Triplet ( NGC 3628 , Messier 65 , Messier 66 ). George Lovi George Lovi (1939 - 18 February 1993)
120-517: A mass of 1.78 solar masses and a radius of 1.728 solar radii, making it almost twice the size of our sun. It may be a Delta Scuti type variable star due to its variations in brightness; about 10 times a day the star's brightness fluctuates in magnitudes around 0.025. The Spring Triangle contains multiple objects of note, with a large amount of them belonging to the Virgo Cluster . This cluster contains around 1,500 galaxies and can be seen between
150-541: A path which crosses the galactic plane rather than residing within it, Arcturus may have formed outside of the Milky Way . The star is the namesake of a group of 52 other stars named the Arcturus moving group or Arcturus stream, all of which share a similar proper motion . It has been proposed that these stars are remnants of an ancient dwarf satellite galaxy that was assimilated into the Milky Way long ago. Spica
180-532: A second centered on the galaxy M86 , and Virgo B , centered on M49 , with some authors including a Virgo C subcluster, centered on the galaxy M60 as well as a LVC (Low Velocity Cloud) subclump, centered on the large spiral galaxy NGC 4216 . Notably, the giant elliptical galaxy M87 contains a supermassive black hole , whose event horizon was observed by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration in 2019. Of all of
210-469: Is a binary blue-white star pair that appears as a single point of light from Earth, and is commonly if incorrectly referred to as a single star. The star system is 250 light years away and has an apparent magnitude of 1.04. It is the brightest star in the constellation Virgo , and is the 15th brightest star in the night sky. The name Spica is derived from a Latin phrase that describes the zodiac sign Virgo as holding an ear of grain, spīca virginis. Virgo
240-527: Is filled with a hot, rarefied plasma at temperatures of 30 million kelvins that emits X-Rays . Within the intracluster medium (ICM) are found a large number of intergalactic stars (up to 10% of the stars in the cluster), including some planetary nebulae . It is theorized that these were expelled from their home galaxies by interactions with other galaxies . The ICM also contains some globular clusters , possibly stripped off dwarf galaxies , and even at least one star formation region . Below
270-537: Is the brightest star in the Northern Hemisphere and fourth brightest in the night sky. Because it is spotted easily, Arcturus was identified by ancient humans and tied to mythological ideals. The star was given its name from the ancient Greek Ἀρκτοῦρος ( Arktouros ), which translates to "Guardian of the Bear." This name was selected because of the star's proximity to Ursa Major and Ursa Minor , surmising
300-548: The Butterfly Galaxies , NGC 4567 and 4586 are two unbarred spiral galaxies that are colliding. The pair were first discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1784, but did not earn their name until observer Ralph Copeland called them the Siamese Twins in the late 1800s due to their almost identical shape and structure. The galaxies are located around 52 million light years away, with a separation between
330-469: The 16th century. The star can be seen at the base of the head of Leo that looks like a backwards question mark, which is also referred to as the Sickle . The brighter pair of stars is called Regulus A, which is made up of a large visible bright blue star and its companion, Regulus D, which is possibly a white dwarf, though this is unconfirmed. This smaller companion has a mass of only 0.3 solar masses, while
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#1732790446213360-573: The Maiden is often represented as a young woman holding this stalk of grain. The best times of the year to view this star are during early spring to late summer in the Northern Hemisphere. To find this star easily, locate the Big Dipper and follow the curve of its handle. This curve will first lead to Arcturus . Finally, "drive a spike" directly to Spica. Spica is made up of two individual stars, Spica A and Spica B, with radii of 7.40 and 3.64 times
390-475: The Milky Way is 105,700 light years across and contains around 200 billion stars. At the center of this galaxy there is a supermassive black hole (of 6.5 billion solar masses) bearing a large blue jet of subatomic particles accelerated to speeds close to the speed of light. In 2019, an image of this black hole, designated M87*, was published by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration --
420-470: The Sun rotates on its axis once every 27 days at a speed of 7,242 kph (4,500 mph), Regulus rotates every 16 hours at 1.1 million kph (700,000 mph). Astronomers have determined that if the star rotated 10% faster it would rip itself apart. Denebola is a white main sequence star in the constellation Leo. With a distance of 36 light years from Earth, and an apparent magnitude of 2.14, it is the third brightest star in
450-453: The Sun's, respectively. Their sizes contribute greatly to the brightness of the stars. Spica A's luminosity is 12,100 times that of the Sun, while Spica B has a luminosity of 1,500. Their sizes lead to respective surface temperatures of 22,400 K and 18,500 K, much higher than the Sun. They are separated by a distance of only 0.12 AU with an orbital period of only four days. This proximity gravitationally distorts each star into an egg shape, with
480-476: The brighter galaxies in this cluster, including the giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 , were discovered in the late 1770s and early 1780s and subsequently included in Charles Messier 's catalogue of non-cometary fuzzy objects. Described by Messier as nebulae without stars, their true nature was not recognized until the 1920s. The cluster subtends a maximum arc of approximately 8 degrees centered in
510-483: The cluster by approximately ten percent. Molecular gasses in Virgo Cluster has been swept away by a huge cosmic broom that is preventing nearby galaxies from birthing new stars. The actual cause of it has been a long standing mystery in astrophysics . According to scientists, it occurs because of the extreme environment of the Virgo Cluster. As with many other rich galaxy clusters, Virgo's intracluster medium
540-588: The cluster forms the heart of the larger Virgo Supercluster , of which the Local Group (containing our Milky Way galaxy ) is a member. The Local Group actually experiences the mass of the Virgo Supercluster as the Virgocentric flow . It is estimated that the Virgo Cluster's mass is 1.2 × 10 M ☉ out to 8 degrees of the cluster's center or a radius of about 2.2 Mpc. Many of
570-400: The constellation Virgo. Although some of the cluster's most prominent members can be seen with smaller instruments, a 6-inch telescope will reveal about 160 of the cluster's galaxies on a clear night. Its brightest member is the elliptical galaxy Messier 49 ; however its most famous member is the elliptical galaxy Messier 87 , which is located in the center of the cluster. The cluster is
600-540: The constellation and the 62nd in the night sky. This star has often taken the place of Regulus in the Spring Triangle. While Regulus has a higher magnitude, Denebola makes the triangle more equilateral in appearance. The star's name comes from the Arabic phrase Deneb Elased, or ðanab al-asad, meaning "the tail of the lion." This refers to the star's position in the constellation at the lion's tail end. Denebola has
630-426: The cores of around 20,000 light years. The more distant galaxy, NGC 4567, has an apparent magnitude of 11.5 and is oriented almost completely face-on with our galaxy. The closer galaxy, NGC 4568, has an apparent magnitude of 11.2 and is oriented at a diagonal. It was originally believed that the two were simply passing directly behind each other in the same line of sight, but further observations and studies have observed
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#1732790446213660-469: The first picture of a black hole ever released. Messier 49 is the brightest galaxy in the Virgo group with an apparent magnitude of 9.4. This brightness allowed M49 to be the first observed in the group, by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1752. The giant elliptical galaxy is located 56 million light years from Earth, and is around 157,000 light years across, with more than 200 billion stars. Also known as
690-542: The main cluster. The large mass of the cluster is indicated by the high peculiar velocities of many of its galaxies, sometimes as high as 1,600 km / s with respect to the cluster's center. The Virgo cluster lies within the Virgo Supercluster , and its gravitational effect slows down the nearby galaxies. The large mass of the cluster has the effect of slowing down the recession of the Local Group from
720-465: The mass of the larger is 3.8 solar masses. The pair are close at 0.35 AU apart, with a short orbital period of 40.11 days around a center mass. The other two stars are the main sequence orange dwarf Regulus B and its red dwarf companion Regulus C. With apparent magnitudes of 8.13 and 13.50, they can't be seen with naked eye. This means the entire system is named after its brightest star. Regulus A appears egg-shaped due to an extreme rotational speed. While
750-451: The pointed ends facing each other. Regulus, the brightest object in the constellation Leo , is a quadruple star system made up of two separate pairs of stars. At 79 light years away and an apparent magnitude of 1.35, Regulus is the 21st brightest star in the sky. The name Regulus, which translates to "little king" in Latin, was given to the system by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in
780-434: The process of infalling to merge with them, plus other farther isolated galaxies and galaxy groups (like the galaxy cloud Coma I ) that are also attracted by the gravity of Virgo to merge with it in the future. This strongly suggests the Virgo cluster is a dynamically young cluster that is still forming. Other two nearby aggregations known as M Cloud , W Cloud , and W' Cloud seem to be background systems independent of
810-467: The stars Denebola and Vindemiatrix, with many being notable Messier objects. The brightest galaxy seen in the cluster is the supergiant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 . With an apparent magnitude of 9.6, the galaxy can be seen using a telescope, as it was first seen by Charles Messier in 1781. Located 54 million light years away and at 130,000 light years across, M87 houses several trillions of stars and around 15,000 globular star clusters . For comparison,
840-508: The subclumps, Virgo A , formed by a mixture of elliptical , lenticular , and (usually) gas-poor spiral galaxies , is the dominant one, with a mass of approximately 10 M ☉ , which is approximately an order of magnitude larger than the other two subclumps. The three subgroups are in the process of merging to form a larger single cluster and are surrounded by other smaller galaxy clouds , mostly composed of spiral galaxies, known as N Cloud , S Cloud , and Virgo E that are in
870-576: The two bear constellations were guarded by Arcturus. Arcturus is thought to be around 6 to 8.5 billion years old, and has traveled up the red-giant branch of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram as it has expanded in size. The star has a diameter of around 36 million km, making it about 26 times larger than the Sun . Despite this size difference, the mass of Arcturus is only 1.1 times that of the Sun. With its high speed of 122 km/s (270,000 mph) and
900-406: Was a Hungarian-American astronomical cartographer. This cartography or mapping term article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Virgo Cluster The Virgo Cluster is a large cluster of galaxies whose center is 53.8 ± 0.3 Mly (16.5 ± 0.1 Mpc ) away in the constellation Virgo . Comprising approximately 1,300 (and possibly up to 2,000) member galaxies,
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