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49-398: The Springfield Armory M6 Scout is virtually identical to the original Ithaca M6 Aircrew Survival Weapon . The Scout is also made of stamped sheet steel, with a forged steel removable barrel assembly. The barrel assembly is connected to the stock/action group by means of a removable hinge pin. Whether folded or disassembled, the overall length for storage is approximately 18.5 inches which is

98-403: A cubic measure . One official British report writes: The standard of measure has always been taken either from some part of the human body, such as a foot, the length of the arm, the span of the hand, or from other natural objects, such as a barleycorn, or other kind of grain. But the yard was the original standard adopted by the early English sovereigns, and has been supposed to be founded upon

147-646: A brass ell at the Guildhall ; and a brass yard presented to the Clock-Makers' Company by the Exchequer in 1671. The Exchequer yard was taken as "true"; the variation was found to be + 1 ⁄ 20 to − 1 ⁄ 15 of an inch, and an additional graduation for the Exchequer yard was made on the Royal Society's standard. In 1758 the legislature required the construction of a standard yard, which

196-626: A commission was formed to reconstruct the lost standards, including the troy pound, which had also been destroyed. In 1845, a new yard standard was constructed based on two previously existing standards known as A1 and A2, both of which had been made for the Ordnance Survey, and R.S. 46, the yard of the Royal Astronomical Society . All three had been compared to the Imperial standard before the fire. The new standard

245-486: A committee of parliament proposed defining the standard yard based upon the length of a seconds pendulum . This idea was examined but not approved. The Weights and Measures Act 1824 ( 5 Geo. 4 . c. 74) An Act for ascertaining and establishing Uniformity of Weights and Measures stipulates that: In 1834, the primary Imperial yard standard was partially destroyed in a fire known as the Burning of Parliament . . In 1838,

294-417: A conventional trigger. The M6 was never intended as a weapon with which to engage hostile troops. Instead it was designed so that a downed aircrew could forage for wild game, as well as defend themselves from more hostile wildlife. Its rifle element was considered to be accurate up to 200 yards . Overall weight of the initial version, including stored ammunition, was around 3 pounds. Being a military firearm,

343-584: A foot ought to contain 12 inches by the right measure of this yard measured, to wit, the 36th part of this yard rightly measured maketh 1 inch neither more nor less and 5 yards and a half make a perch that is 16 feet and a half measured by the aforesaid yard of our Lord the King. In some early books, this act was appended to another statute of uncertain date titled the Statute for the Measuring of Land . The act

392-422: A piece of one quarter yard cut from the full width of the roll; these pieces are popular for patchwork and quilting . The term "fat eighth" is also used, for a piece of one quarter yard from half the roll width, the same area as one eighth cut from the roll. For purposes of measuring cloth, the early yard was divided by the binary method into two, four, eight and sixteen parts. The two most common divisions were

441-457: A removable hinge pin. Unlike nearly all other firearms, there is no "furniture" on the M6 like a butt stock or a forearm , the only parts which are not steel are the rubber butt plate and cheek rest. Aircrew were instructed to wrap the barrels with parachute cord as a field expedient fore-stock. The M6 was a superposed ("over-under") combination gun , with a .22 Hornet rifle barrel located above

490-562: A separate and usually longer unit of around 45 inches (1,100 mm). The use of the word ‘yard’ ( Middle English : ȝerd or ȝerde ) to describe this length is first attested in William Langland 's poem on Piers Plowman . The usage seems to derive from the prototype standard rods held by the king and his magistrates ( see below ). The word ‘yard’ is a homonym of ‘yard’ in the sense of an enclosed area of land . This second meaning of ‘yard’ has an etymology related to

539-498: A similar appearance to the original M6, however it's a unique design that uses a skeletonized metal buttstock that surrounds a polypropylene foam insert. It also uses double triggers and an enclosed firing mechanism. In 2019, a version began to be produced by TPS Arms. While very similar to the Springfield version, it added a cross bolt safety and removed the hammer selector safety. Yard The yard (symbol: yd )

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588-696: A wide range of sights and scopes. In 2010, Chiappa began marketing a version of the Aircrew Survival Weapon called the Chiappa M6 Survival Gun . The Chiappa has a 12 gauge shotgun or 20 gauge barrel over a .22 Long Rifle or .22 Magnum barrel. In addition, it comes with "X Caliber" adapters sleeves that fit inside the 12 gauge barrel allowing it to fire: .380 ACP , 9mm Luger , .38 Special , .357 Magnum , .40 S&W , .44 Special , .44 Magnum , .45 ACP , .45 Long Colt , .410 bore and 20 gauge ammunition. It has

637-593: Is aforesaid, and in Breadth one Yard of like Measure; (3) and every such Cloth, both Broad and Narrow being well scowred , thicked, milled and fully dried, shall weigh xxxiv. li. the Piece at the least. XV. And that all Clothes named Check- Kersie and Straits , which shall be made after the said Feast shall contain being wet between seventeen and eighteen Yards, with the Inches as is aforesaid, and in Breadth one Yard at

686-550: Is an English unit of length in both the British imperial and US customary systems of measurement equalling 3  feet or 36  inches . Since 1959 it has been by international agreement standardized as exactly 0.9144  meter . A distance of 1,760 yards is equal to 1 mile . The US survey yard is very slightly longer. The term, yard derives from the Old English gerd , gyrd etc., which

735-523: Is chambered for .22 Long Rifle or .22 Magnum , in addition to the .22 Hornet used by the USAF M6. The Scout comes with iron sights and the later models have Picatinny rails for mounting a wide range of sights and scopes. The original USAF Ithaca M6 stock held 9 rounds of .22 Hornet ammunition and four .410 shells, and the Scout holds 12 rounds of .22 Hornet and 4 shotgun shells. For the rim-fire models,

784-433: Is known as "Bronze Yard No. 11" The Weights and Measures Act 1878 ( 41 & 42 Vict. c. 49) confirmed the status of the existing yard standard, mandated regular intercomparisons between the several yard standards, and authorized the construction of one additional Parliamentary Copy (made in 1879 and known as Parliamentary Copy VI). Subsequent measurements revealed that the yard standard and its copies were shrinking at

833-412: Is ordained that 3 grains of barley dry and round do make an inch , 12 inches make 1 foot , 3 feet make 1 yard, 5 yards and a half make a perch , and 40 perches in length and 4 in breadth make an acre . The Liber Horn compilation (1311) includes that statute with slightly different wording and adds: And be it remembered that the iron yard of our Lord the King containeth 3 feet and no more, and

882-561: The .410 bore shotgun barrel. It has 14-inch barrels and folds in half to a minimum size of 15 inches. A storage compartment in the stock held nine rounds of .22 Hornet ammunition with four shotgun shells. A firing pin selector allowed the shooter to choose which barrel would be fired. Because most bomber crews operated in the Arctic region during the Cold War , a trigger bar was used that could be depressed while wearing mittens as opposed to

931-429: The Old English eln , Middle English elne , and modern ell of 1.25 yd (1.14 m). This has led some to derive the yard of three English feet from pacing; others from the ell or cubit; and still others from Henry I 's arm standard ( see below ). Based on the etymology of the other "yard" , some suggest it originally derived from the girth of a person's waist, while others believe it originated as

980-510: The United States Army Ordnance Corps . Its official designation was Rifle-Shotgun, Survival, Caliber .22/.410 . It was designed to fit into the standard USAAF (later USAF) survival kit issued to all pilots flying over the Arctic and other uninhabited regions. The M6 is made of stamped sheet steel, with a forged steel removable barrel assembly. The barrel assembly is connected to the stock/action group by means of

1029-655: The Weights and Measures Act 1963 . The Imperial Standard Yard of 1855 was renamed the United Kingdom Primary Standard Yard and retained its official status as the national prototype yard. The yard is used as the standard unit of field-length measurement in American , Canadian and association football , cricket pitch dimensions, and in some countries, golf fairway measurements. There are corresponding units of area and volume ,

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1078-455: The sear , combined with the practice of keeping the hammer uncocked unless preparing to fire, was considered sufficient to counter any risk of accidental discharge. Springfield Armory's version included a large over-sized trigger guard. M6 Aircrew Survival Weapon The M6 Aircrew Survival Weapon was a specially-made .22 Hornet over .410 bore combination gun issued to United States Air Force aircrews to help forage for food in

1127-540: The square yard and cubic yard respectively. These are sometimes referred to simply as "yards" when no ambiguity is possible, for example an American or Canadian concrete mixer may be marked with a capacity of " 9 yards " or "1.5 yards", where cubic yards are obviously referred to. Yards are also used and are the legal requirement on road signs for shorter distances in the United Kingdom, and are also frequently found in conversation between Britons much like in

1176-570: The Peaceful directed the Witenagemot at Andover that "the measure held at Winchester " should be observed throughout his realm. (Some manuscripts read "at London and at Winchester".) The statutes of William I similarly refer to and uphold the standard measures of his predecessors without naming them. William of Malmesbury 's Deeds of the Kings of England records that during

1225-707: The Royal Mint, the Royal Society of London, the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, and the New Palace at Westminster, commonly called the Houses of Parliament. The other 35 yard standards were distributed to the cities of London, Edinburgh, and Dublin, as well as the United States and other countries (although only the first five had official status). The imperial standard received by the United States

1274-407: The United States for distance. The yard, subdivided into eighths, is used for the purchase of fabrics in the United States and United Kingdom and was previously used elsewhere. In the United States the term "fat quarter" is used for a piece of fabric which is half a yard in length cut from a roll and then cut again along the width so that it is only half the width of the roll, thus the same area as

1323-649: The breadth of the chest of the Saxon race. The yard continued till the reign of Henry VII., when the ell was introduced, that being a yard and a quarter, or 45 inches. The ell was borrowed from the Paris drapers. Subsequently, however, Queen Elizabeth re-introduced the yard as the English standard of measure. The earliest record of a prototype measure is the statute II Edgar Cap. 8 (AD 959  x 963), which survives in several variant manuscripts. In it, Edgar

1372-522: The de facto legal definition of the yard came to be accepted as 36 ⁄ 39.370 113 of a meter. The yard (known as the "international yard" in the United States) was legally defined to be exactly 0.9144 meter in 1959 under an agreement in 1959 between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. In the UK, the provisions of the treaty were ratified by

1421-809: The event of a plane crash. It was issued from 1952 until the early 1970s, in conjunction with the M4 Survival Rifle . Plans to replace both with the ArmaLite AR-5 (aka: MA-1) never came to fruition and in 2018 was instead replaced with the GAU-5A Aircrew Self Defense Weapon in some instances. The M6 was originally developed in 1946 for the Air Materiel Command of what was then still the United States Army Air Forces by

1470-405: The fourth and sixteenth parts. The quarter of a yard (9 inches) was known as the "quarter" without further qualification, while the sixteenth of a yard (2.25 inches) was called a nail . The eighth of a yard (4.5 inches) was sometimes called a finger , but was more commonly referred to simply as an eighth of a yard, while the half-yard (18 inches) was called "half a yard". Other units related to

1519-458: The least at the Water; and being well scowred, thicked, milled and fully dried, shall weigh xxiv. li. the Piece at the least. The yard and inch for cloth measurement was also sanctioned again in legislation of 1557–1558 ( 4 & 5 Ph. & M. c. 5. An act touching the making of woolen clothes. par. IX.) IX. Item, That every ordinary kersie mentioned in the said act shall contain in length in

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1568-451: The length of the barrels. Unlike nearly all other firearms, there is no "furniture" on the Scout like a buttstock or a forearm . The only parts which are not steel are the rubber butt plate and cheek rest. Aircrew were instructed to wrap the barrels with parachute cord as a field expedient fore-stock. The Scout has a rifle barrel mounted above a .410 shotgun barrel, this is known as a superposed "over-under" design. Its upper rifle barrel

1617-464: The opening of the annual St. Bartholomew's Day Cloth Fair . In the mid-18th century, Graham compared the standard yard of the Royal Society to other existing standards. These were a "long-disused" standard made in 1490 during the reign of Henry VII , and a brass yard and a brass ell from 1588 in the time of Queen Elizabeth and still in use at the time, held at the Exchequer ; a brass yard and

1666-563: The originals were sold only to the US military. The Springfield Armory M6 Scout is virtually identical to the original M6 and was made in three versions, a .22 Hornet over .410 gauge , a .22 Long Rifle over .410 gauge and a .22 Magnum over .410 gauge. The Scouts were also made with 18.25" barrels to comply with the National Firearms Act . The later models had large oversized trigger guards and Picatinny rails for mounting

1715-568: The rate of one part per million every twenty years due to the gradual release of strain incurred during the fabrication process. The international prototype meter , on the other hand, was comparatively stable. A measurement made in 1895 determined the length of the meter at 39.370 113 inches relative to the imperial standard yard. The Weights and Measures (Metric System) Act 1897 ( 60 & 61 Vict. c. 46) in conjunction with Order in Council 411 (1898) made this relationship official. After 1898,

1764-431: The reign of Henry I (1100 - 1135), "the measure of his arm was applied to correct the false ell of the traders and enjoined on all throughout England." The folktale that the length was bounded by the king's nose was added some centuries later. Charles Moore Watson dismisses William's account as "childish", but William was among the most conscientious and trustworthy medieval historians. The French " king's foot "

1813-562: The rule,... One of the oldest yard-rods in existence is the clothyard of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors . It consists of a hexagonal iron rod 5 ⁄ 8  in (16 mm) in diameter and 1 ⁄ 100  in (0.25 mm) short of a yard, encased within a silver rod bearing the hallmark 1445. In the early 15th century, the Merchant Taylors Company was authorized to "make search" at

1862-580: The said Feast in Taunton, Bridgwater or in other Places of like Sort, shall contain at the Water in Length betwixt twelve and thirteen Yards, Yard and Inch of the Rule, and in Breadth seven Quarters of a Yard: (2) And every narrow Cloth made after the said Feast in the said Towns or elsewhere of like Sorts, shall contain in the Water in Length betwixt three and twenty and five and twenty Yards, Yard and Inch as

1911-545: The stock holds 15 rimfire cartridges and four shotgun shells. One other unique feature of the M6 is the "squeeze-bar trigger". Intended for use by aircrew who might be downed in any type of weather and terrain, the trigger, hammer, and barrel latch are designed to be easily operated while wearing heavy gloves or mittens. To this end, the USAF Ithaca M6 was the only firearm issued to American armed forces that had no trigger guard. The amount of pressure needed to release

1960-454: The thirty-fourth year of the reign of our sovereign lady the Queen that now is. par. III.) (2) and each and every of the same Devonshire kersies or dozens, so being raw, and as it cometh forth off the weaver's loom (without racking, stretching, straining or other device to encrease the length thereof) shall contain in length between fifteen and sixteen yards by the measure of yard and inch by

2009-416: The water betwixt xvi. and xvii. yards, yard and inch ; and being well scoured thicked, milled, dressed and fully dried, shall weigh nineteen pounds the piece at the least:... As recently as 1593, the same principle is found mentioned once again ( 35 Eliz. 1 . c. 10 An act for the reformation of sundry abuses in clothes, called Devonshire kerjies [ sic ] or dozens, according to a proclamation of

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2058-416: The wind. In addition to the yardland, Old and Middle English both used their forms of "yard" to denote the surveying lengths of 15 feet (4.6 m) or 16.5 feet (5.0 m), used in computing acres , a distance now usually known as the " rod ". A unit of three English feet is attested in a statute of c.  1300 ( see below ), but there it is called an ell ( ulna , lit.  " arm "),

2107-606: The word ‘garden’ and is not related to the unit of measurement. In India Yard is colloquially known as Gauge or Guz . 1 Gauge is 3 feet. The origin of the yard measure is uncertain. Both the Romans and the Welsh used multiples of a shorter foot , but 2 + 1 ⁄ 2   Roman feet was a " step " (Latin: gradus ) and 3  Welsh feet was a " pace " ( Welsh : cam ). The Proto-Germanic cubit or arm's-length has been reconstructed as * alinô , which developed into

2156-568: The yard and handful to evade high taxes on cloth (the extra handful being essentially a black-market transaction). Enforcement efforts resulted in cloth merchants switching over to the yard and inch, at which point the government gave up and made the yard and inch official. In 1552, the yard and inch for cloth measurement was again sanctioned in law ( 5 & 6 Edw. 6 . c. 6. An Act for the true making of Woolen Cloth. ) XIV. And that all and every Broad Cloth and Clothes called Taunton Clothes , Bridgwaters , and other Clothes which shall be made after

2205-487: Was made from the Royal Society's standard and was deposited with the clerk of the House of Commons ; it was divided into feet, one of the feet into inches, and one of the inches into tenths. A copy of it, but with upright cheeks between which other measuring rods could be placed, was made for the Exchequer for commercial use. Following Royal Society investigations by John Playfair , Hyde Wollaston and John Warner in 1814

2254-423: Was made of Baily's metal No. 4 consisting of 16 parts copper, 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 parts tin, and 1 part zinc. It was 38 inches long and 1 inch square. The Weights and Measures Act 1855 granted official recognition to the new standards. Between 1845 and 1855 forty yard standards were constructed, one of which was selected as the new Imperial standard. Four others, known as 'parliamentary copies', were distributed to

2303-649: Was not repealed until the Weights and Measures Act 1824 . In a law of 1439 ( 18 Hen. 6 . c. 16) the sale of cloth by the "yard and handful" was abolished, and the "yard and inch" instituted (see ell ). There shall be but one Measure of Cloth through the Realm by the Yard and the Inch , and not by the Yard and Handful , according to the London Measure. According to Connor, cloth merchants had previously sold cloth by

2352-575: Was supposed to have derived from Charlemagne , and the English kings subsequently repeatedly intervened to impose shorter units with the aim of increasing tax revenue. The earliest surviving definition of this shorter unit appears in the Act on the Composition of Yards and Perches , one of the statutes of uncertain date tentatively dated to the reign of Edward I or II c.  1300 . Its wording varies in surviving accounts. One reads: It

2401-594: Was used for branches , staves and measuring rods . It is first attested in the late 7th century laws of Ine of Wessex , where the "yard of land" mentioned is the yardland , an old English unit of tax assessment equal to 1 ⁄ 4   hide . Around the same time the Lindisfarne Gospels account of the messengers from John the Baptist in the Gospel of Matthew used it for a branch swayed by

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