47-537: Springfield National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Springfield , in Greene County, Missouri . Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs , it encompasses 18.1 acres (7.3 ha), and as of the end of 2005, had 14,685 interments. Established in 1867 as a place to initially inter Civil War Union soldiers , many of whom died at
94-615: A Springfield police officer, John Orr, shoot and kill James Coleman after Coleman interfered with the arrest of Coleman's friend Bingham, who was drunk and disorderly. Hickok provided testimony in the case. Orr was arrested, released on bail, and immediately fled the country. He was never brought to trial or heard from again. From the period after Reconstruction into the early 20th century, lynchings of freedmen and their descendants occurred in some cities and counties in Missouri, particularly in former slaveholding areas. On April 14, 1906,
141-663: A certificate proclaiming the honoree a "hillbilly of the Ozarks". On June 7, 1953, U.S. President Harry Truman received the medallion after a breakfast speech ( Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine ) at the Shrine Mosque for a reunion of the 35th Division . Other recipients included US Army generals Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway , US Representative Dewey Short , J. C. Penney , Johnny Olson , Ralph Story and disc jockey Nelson King . Springfield
188-562: A debt Tutt claimed Hickok owed him. During a poker game at the former Lyon House Hotel, in response to the disagreement over the amount, Tutt had taken Hickok's watch, which Hickok immediately demanded be returned. Hickok warned that Tutt had better not be seen wearing that watch, then spotted him wearing it in Park Central Square, prompting the gunfight. On January 25, 1866, Hickok was still in Springfield when he witnessed
235-510: A family was $ 38,114. Males had a median income of $ 27,778 versus $ 20,980 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,711. About 9.9% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over. Springfield, Tennessee Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include
282-511: A male householder with no spouse present, and 49.2% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age in the city was 33.2 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 18.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 22.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
329-524: A message to the Union forces asking that Confederate casualties have a proper burial. The city remained under Union control for the remainder of the war. The US army used Springfield as a supply base and central point of operation for military activities in the area. Promptly after the Civil War ended on July 21, 1865, Wild Bill Hickok shot and killed Davis Tutt in a shootout over a disagreement about
376-514: A replica of the Statue of Liberty Their bodies were burned in the courthouse square by a mob of more than 2,000 white residents. Judge Azariah W. Lincoln called for a grand jury, but no one was prosecuted. The proceedings were covered by national newspapers, including the New York Times and Los Angeles Times . Duncan's and Coker's employer testified that they were at his business at
423-419: A separate race. According to the 2020 U.S. Census , the racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 81.12% (137,235) white alone , 4.77% (8,063) black or African-American alone , 0.79% (1,334) Native American or Alaska Native alone , 2.28% (3,853) Asian alone , 0.18% (304) Pacific Islander alone , 2.21% (3,731) other race alone , and 8.66% (14,656) from two or more races. According to
470-544: A spring under the hill, on the creek, while on top of the hill, where the principal portion of the town lay, there was a field." Native American peoples had long lived in this area. In the 1830s, the native Osage Nation , the Kickapoo people from Indiana, and the Lenape (Delaware) from the mid-Atlantic coast had settled in this general area trying to evade encroachment by European Americans on their lands. The Osage had been
517-469: A white mob broke into the Springfield county jail, and lynched two black men, Horace Duncan and Fred Coker, for allegedly sexually assaulting Mina Edwards, a white woman. Later they returned to the jail, where other African-American prisoners were being held, and pulled out Will Allen, who had been accused of murdering a white man. All three suspects were hanged from the Gottfried Tower, which held
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#1732780841398564-492: Is also home to O'Reilly Auto Parts , which began as a family business with 13 employees in 1957. Springfield is close to Wilson's Creek National Battlefield and is along the national historic Trail of Tears . In 2020, Springfield's largest ethnicities were 87.6% White, 4% Black, and 5% two or more races, placing it among the least diverse cities in the United States. The city is a regional center of medical care, with
611-643: Is near the population center of the United States , about 80 miles (130 km) to the east. Springfield has an average surface wind velocity comparable to that of Chicago , according to information compiled at the National Climatic Data Center at NOAA . It is placed within "Power Class 3" in the Wind Energy Resource Atlas published by a branch of the U.S. Department of Energy ; having an average wind speed range of 6.4 to 7.0 miles per hour. Springfield lies in
658-463: Is not a correct version. When the authorized persons met and adopted the title of the 'Future Great' of the Southwest, several of the earliest settlers had handed in their favorite names, among whom was Kindred Rose, who presented the winning name in honor of his hometown, Springfield , Tennessee ." In 1883, historian R. I. Holcombe wrote: "The town took its name from the circumstance of there being
705-659: Is on the Springfield Plateau of the Ozarks region of southwest Missouri. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 82.31 square miles (213.2 square kilometres), of which 81.72 square miles (211.7 square kilometres) is land and 0.59 square miles (1.5 square kilometres) (0.7%) is water. The city of Springfield is mainly flat with rolling hills and cliffs surrounding its south, east, and north sections. Springfield
752-501: Is on the Springfield Plateau, which reaches from Northwest Arkansas to Central Missouri. Most of the plateau is characterized by forest, pastures and shrub-scrub habitats. Many streams and tributaries, such as the James River , Galloway Creek and Jordan Creek, flow within or near the city. Nearby lakes include Table Rock Lake , Stockton Lake , McDaniel Lake , Fellows Lake , Lake Springfield , and Pomme de Terre Lake . Springfield
799-475: Is the third most populous city in the U.S. state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County . The city's population was 169,176 at the 2020 census . It is the principal city of the Springfield metropolitan area , which had an estimated population of 487,061 in 2022 and includes the counties of Christian , Dallas , Greene , Polk , and Webster , The city sits on the Springfield Plateau of
846-537: The 2020 U.S. Census , the racial and ethnic makeup (where Hispanics are excluded from the racial counts and placed in their own category) was 79.38% (134,294) White alone (non-Hispanic) , 4.66% (7,877) Black alone (non-Hispanic) , 0.63% (1,074) Native American alone (non-Hispanic) , 2.25% (3,809) Asian alone (non-Hispanic) , 0.16% (276) Pacific Islander alone (non-Hispanic) , 0.41% (699) Other Race alone (non-Hispanic) , 6.63% (11,221) Multiracial or Mixed Race (non-Hispanic) , and 5.87% (9,926) Hispanic or Latino . Of
893-561: The Battle of Wilson's Creek . In 1871 a section for Confederate soldiers was added. It has since been expanded and opened to all veterans, and now has the interred remains of soldiers from wars dating back to the Revolutionary War . The cemetery lends its name to National Avenue in Springfield, which formerly passed by the cemetery prior to the southern expansion of the city decades ago. Springfield, Missouri Springfield
940-640: The Landers Theatre , was the first network color television series to originate outside of New York City or Hollywood. Springfield's NBC affiliate, KYTV-TV (which helped produce the program), was not equipped to broadcast in color and aired the show in black-and-white . The ABC , NBC and Mutual radio networks all carried country music shows nationally from Springfield during the decade, including KWTO'S Korn's-A-Krackin ' (Mutual). The Springfield Chamber of Commerce once presented visiting dignitaries with an "Ozark Hillbilly Medallion" and
987-513: The Ozarks , which ranges from nearly-level to rolling hills. Springfield is the second-largest urban area in the Ozarks. Springfield's nicknames include "Queen City of the Ozarks " and "The Birthplace of Route 66 ". The city has been called the "Buckle of the Bible Belt " due to its association with evangelical Christianity. The city is the headquarters for Bass Pro Shops and the adjoining Wonders of Wildlife Museum & Aquarium . It
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#17327808413981034-700: The 2007 Forbes list of "America's Wildest Weather Cities" and the Weather Variety Index, Springfield is the city with the most varied weather in the United States. On May 1, 2013, Springfield reached a high temperature of 81 degrees Fahrenheit. By the evening of May 2, snow was falling, persisting into the following day and eventually accumulating to about two inches. This was only the second instance of measurable May snowfall in Springfield since record keeping began in 1888. The 2020 United States census counted 169,176 people, 78,027 households, and 37,297 families in Springfield. The population density
1081-527: The 78,027 households, 19.4% had children under the age of 18; 33.1% were married couples living together; 33.6% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 39.4% consisted of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.0 and the average family size was 2.7. 17.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 19.1% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
1128-724: The Southeast and other areas, and relocating tribes from east of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory . This later developed as the state of Oklahoma in 1908. During the 1838 relocation of most of the Cherokee , the Trail of Tears passed through Springfield to the west, along the Old Wire Road . By 1861, Springfield's population had grown to approximately 2,000, and it had become an important commercial hub. In
1175-409: The area were John Polk Campbell and his brother, who reached this area in 1829 from Tennessee. Campbell chose the area because of the presence of a natural well that flowed into a small stream. He staked his claim by carving his initials in a tree. Campbell was joined by settlers Thomas Finney, Samuel Weaver, and Joseph Miller. They cleared the land of trees to develop it for farms. A small general store
1222-405: The average family size was 2.82. In the city 19.9% were under the age of 18, 17.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 29,563, and the median income for
1269-475: The biggest names in country music frequently visited or lived in Springfield at the time. City officials estimated the programs meant about 2,000 weekly visitors and "over $ 1,000,000 in fresh income." Staged at the Jewell Theatre (demolished in 1961), Ozark Jubilee is the first national country music TV show to feature top stars and attract a significant viewership. Five Star Jubilee , produced from
1316-706: The bordering Lawrence County also lynched three African-American men in this period. After the mass lynching in Springfield, many African Americans left the region. A historic plaque on the southeast corner of the Springfield courthouse square commemorates Duncan, Coker, and Allen, the three victims of mob violence. Four nationally broadcast television series originated from the city between 1955 and 1961: Ozark Jubilee and its spin-off, Five Star Jubilee ; Talent Varieties ; and The Eddy Arnold Show . All were carried live by ABC except for Five Star Jubilee on NBC . They were produced by Springfield's Crossroads TV Productions, owned by Ralph D. Foster . Many of
1363-602: The city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. According to the 2000 United States Census , 151,580 people, 64,691 households, and 35,709 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,072.0 inhabitants per square mile (800.0/km ). There were 69,650 housing units at an average density of 952.1 units per square mile (367.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.69% White , 3.27% African American , 0.75% Native American , 1.36% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 0.88% from other races , and 1.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.31% of
1410-445: The city was 88.7% White , 4.1% African American , 0.8% Native American , 1.9% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 1.2% from other races , and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population. There were 69,754 households, of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no spouse present, 4.7% had
1457-528: The dominant tribe for more than one century in the larger region. On the southeastern side of the town in 1812, about 500 Kickapoo built a small village of about 100 wigwams . They abandoned the site in 1828. Ten miles south of the site of Springfield, the Lenape had built a substantial community of houses that borrowed elements of Anglo colonial style from the mid-Atlantic, where some of their people had migrated from. The first European-American settlers to
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1504-400: The high temperature fails to rise above freezing, and 1.3 nights of lows at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) per year. It has an average annual precipitation of 44.71 inches (1,140 mm), including an average 13.70 inches (34.8 cm) of snow. Extremes in temperature range from −29 °F (−34 °C) on February 12, 1899 up to 113 °F (45 °C) on July 14, 1954. According to
1551-406: The land for Springfield's public square and platted the town site. In 1835 he deeded 50 acres of land to the legislature for the creation of a county seat. Campbell laid out city streets and lots. The town was incorporated in 1838. In 1878, the town got its nickname as the "Queen City of the Ozarks". The United States government enforced Indian removal during the 1830s, forcing land cessions in
1598-661: The late 1850s, telegraph lines, previously connected only as far as St. Louis, reached Springfield. News from points further west was brought to Springfield overland. It was sent by telegraph to what was then called the New York Associated Press. At the start of the American Civil War , Springfield was divided in its loyalty. It had been settled by people from both the North and South, including slaveholders. It also attracted many German immigrants in
1645-409: The mid-19th century, who tended to support the Union. The Union and Confederate armies both recognized the city's strategic importance and sought to control it. They fought the Battle of Wilson's Creek on August 10, 1861, a few miles southwest of town. The battle was a Confederate victory, and Nathaniel Lyon was killed here, the first Union General to die in the Civil War. Union troops retreated to
1692-534: The nearby town of Lebanon to regroup. When they returned, they found that most of the Confederate army had withdrawn. On October 25, 1861, Union Major Charles Zagonyi led an attack against the remaining Confederates in the area, in a battle known as the First Battle of Springfield , or Zagonyi's Charge. Zagonyi's men removed the Confederate flag from Springfield's public square and returned to camp. It
1739-513: The north, Taylor Township on the east, and Wilson and Clay Townships on the south. (Later, Campbell was split into Campbell No. 1 Township and Campbell No. 2 Township, then into North Campbell No. 1 Township, North Campbell No. 2 Township, and North Campbell No. 3 Township.) The county seat of Springfield is located in Campbell Township due to the efforts of John Polk Campbell. The township is named after John Polk Campbell, who donated
1786-642: The northern limits of a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), as defined by the Köppen climate classification system. As such, it experiences times of exceptional humidity; especially in late summer. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 34.3 °F (1.3 °C) in January to 79.2 °F (26.2 °C) in July. On average, there are 40 days with high temperatures of 90 °F (32 °C) or greater, 2 days of 100 °F (38 °C) or greater, 15 days where
1833-409: The population. There were 64,691 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 44.8% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and
1880-475: The time of the crime against Edwards, and other evidence suggested that they and Allen were all innocent. These three are the only recorded lynchings in Greene County. But the extrajudicial murders were part of a pattern of discrimination, repeated violence and intimidation of African Americans in this city and southwest Missouri from 1894 to 1909, in an attempt to expel them from the region. Whites in
1927-404: The two largest hospitals, CoxHealth and Mercy , being the largest employers in the city. Springfield hosts several universities and colleges, including Missouri State University , Drury University , and Evangel University . Springfield is an important regional center for distribution, logistics, and manufacturing. The origin of the city's name is unclear, but the most common view is that it
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1974-517: Was $ 25,751 (+/- $ 590). Approximately, 12.8% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.8% of those under the age of 18 and 12.1% of those ages 65 or over. In the 2010 census , there were 159,498 people, 69,754 households, and 35,453 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,951.8 inhabitants per square mile (753.6/km ). There were 77,620 housing units at an average density of 949.8 units per square mile (366.7 units/km ). The racial makeup of
2021-405: Was 2,035.6 per square mile (785.9/km ). There were 83,116 housing units at an average density of 1,000.1 units per square mile (386.1 units/km ). The U.S. Census accounts for race by two methodologies: "Race alone" where Hispanics are allocated to the various racial categories and "Race alone less Hispanics" where Hispanics are excluded from the racial categories and delineated separately as if
2068-475: Was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 91.1 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 37,491 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 1,212) and the median family income was $ 52,296 (+/- $ 1,594). Males had a median income of $ 28,927 (+/- $ 1,383) versus $ 23,395 (+/- $ 767) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old
2115-565: Was named by migrants from Springfield , Massachusetts . One account is that James Wilson, who lived in the new settlement, offered free whiskey to anyone who would vote for the name Springfield, after his hometown in Massachusetts. Springfield Express editor J. G. Newbill said in the November 11, 1881, issue: "It has been stated that this city got its name from the fact of a spring and field being near by just west of town. But such
2162-541: Was soon opened. In 1833, the southern part of the state was named Greene County after Revolutionary War hero General Nathanael Greene . Campbell Township was one of the seven original townships organized on March 11, 1833, when Greene County was much larger. An 1876 map shows its boundaries include all the sections in T29N and R21 and 22W. It was bounded by Center Township on the west, Robberson, and Franklin Townships on
2209-620: Was the only Union victory in southwestern Missouri in 1861. The increased military activity in the area set the stage for the Battle of Pea Ridge in northern Arkansas in March 1862. On January 8, 1863, Confederate forces under General John S. Marmaduke advanced to take control of Springfield and an urban fight ensued. But that evening, the Confederates withdrew. This became known as the Second Battle of Springfield . Marmaduke sent
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