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42-583: Sringeri (IAST: Śṛṅgerī; Kannada: [ʃriŋɡeːri] ) also called Shringeri is a hill town and Taluk headquarters located in Chikkamagaluru district in the Indian state of Karnataka . It is the site of the first maṭha ( Dakshinamnaya Sringeri Sharada Peetham ) established by Adi Shankara , Hindu theologian and exponent of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy. Located on the banks of

84-449: A designated place within tehsil area known as tehsil headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of tehsil office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level. Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/Panchayat system within the state. At the top is the zila/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/mandal panchayat/panchayat samiti/community development block is the second layer of this system and below them are

126-456: A grand scale during kartika shukla paksha. The festival spans for seven days from tritiya to navami. On the saptami day Jagadguru Bharathi Teertha Mahaswamiji performs special puja. The aradhana of Sri Vidya Shankara is performed on shasti, saptami and ashtami. Malahanikaresvara means destroyer of the impurities of the soul. This serene temple is located at the centre of the Sringeri town, atop

168-446: A newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayat system . In West Bengal , Bihar, Jharkhand, community development blocks are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. Tehsil office is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It

210-449: A small hill, and can be reached by a flight of about 170 steps. The temple structure is a fine piece of architecture in stone, consisting of navaranga, antarala and garbhagrha. The ceiling has a lotus bud carving. The deities inside the temple include Malahanikaresvara, Bhavani, Chandikeshwara, Durga and Sthambha Ganapati. The linga is said have been worshiped by Sage Vibhandaka, son of Sage Kashyapa. After many years of penance, Vibhandaka had

252-471: A structure within which a Hindu wedding is performed. The bride and groom encircle a holy fire lit by the officiating priest in the center of the mandapa . When a temple has more than one mandapa , they are given different names. In Burmese , the term mandat ( မဏ္ဍပ် ), which has etymological origins in Pali maṇḍapa , is an open platform or pavilion from which people spray water to passers-by during

294-646: A temple built in the Kerala style, with timber and tiled roof, and substituted the sandalwood idol with the present golden idol. Sri Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Nrisimha Bharati raised the present structure in granite around the sanctum and Sri Chandrasekhara Bharati consecrated the new temple in May 1916. Sri Abhinava Vidyatirtha made several improvements in the temple. The mahamandapam has large stone pillars exquisitely carved with deities like Durga, Raja Rajeshwari, dwarapalakas and devis which are all sculpted according to

336-487: Is 50 feet long and 30 feet wide. Completely built of stone it has a sloped roof. The Basadi consists of Garbhagriha , Sukhanasi, Navaranga, Mukha Mandapa and Pradakshina Patha. In the Garbhagriha, there is the idol of Sri Parshwanatha Swamy, the presiding deity made of black stone. It is one foot high and on its base, the words Srimathparisanathaya Namaha are inscribed. Generally a single cobra holds its hood over

378-579: Is a small village about 2 km from Sringeri bus stand and comes on the way to Vidyaranyapura . It was established by the Sri Simhagiri Mahaswami, the 7th Jagadguru who had adorned the Sringeri Peetham ;in the 11th century. Sri Chaturmurti Vidyeshwara temple contains a statue combining four idols, that of Sri Vidyatirtha, Bhahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The village houses several priests of the temples in Sringeri. Menase

420-400: Is a small village located 9 km from Sringeri. Sri Rishyashrungeshwara temple is located on the banks of Nandini river, a tributary of Tunga. Built during Vijayanagara period, the temple houses a linga of a unique shape, with three protuberances resembling horns. There is a big Nandi statue in front of the temple. Sage Rishyasringa is said to have performed penance here. It is believed that

462-562: Is about 20 km from Sringeri. Here, Sri Sharada Lakshminarasimha Peetam was established by Sri Adi Shankaracharya on the banks of the River Tunga. The place is serene amidst forest, Arecanut farms and rice fields surrounded by small hills. There is a 110 year old bridge across the Tunga connecting Hariharipura to Koppa. This bridge is believed to have been built by Sir M Visvesvaraya . Tahsil In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana ,

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504-480: Is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks. Nevertheless, the two are often conflated. India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further divisions of these states are known as districts . These districts (zila/zilla) are again divided into many subdivisions , viz tehsils or taluks. These subdivisions are again divided into gram panchayats or village panchayats. Initially, this

546-411: Is around 4 km from Sringeri bus stand, on the road to Balehonnur . Rajiv Gandhi Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha was established in 1992, as one of the campus of Central Sanskrit University , New Delhi. Its foundation stone was laid by Sri Bharati Teertha Mahaswamiji in the presence of Shri R. Venkataraman , the then President of India. The 10 acre campus includes hostels for boys and girls. Kigga

588-448: Is built entirely of stone and stands on a high plinth, more or less a rectangle with apsidal east-west ends. On the western side is the garbhagriha, with Vidya Ganapati on one side and Durga on the other side. On the other three sides of the garbhagriha are shrines to Brahma , Vishnu and Maheshwara with their consorts. In the eastern half of the structure is a mantapa with twelve pillars (popularly known as rashi stambhas), marked by

630-615: Is generally attached to the central tower of a temple and lied longitudinally to one of each main direction. In Tamil , this platform is the Aayiram Kaal Mandapam – a distinctly thousand pillared hall close to the vimana of the Koil which forms a distinct part of the site plan of classical Dravidian architecture . In Thai , it is called a mondop ( มณฑป ). It features often in Thai temple art and architecture , either in

672-486: Is made up of sloping channelled slab. The basement is elaborately sculpted with animals, puranic stories, Shiva , Vishnu , Dashavatara , Kali , Shanmukha and so on. Other intricate features include chains of stone rings and growling lions with stone balls inside the faces, which can be rotated. The temple is under the care of the Archaeological Survey of India . Vidyatirtha Rathotsava is celebrated on

714-456: Is significant rainfall (annual average of 3949 mm ), mostly during the months of June, July and August. In 2018, Sringeri received an annual rainfall of 4,981 millimetres (196.1 in), while Kigga hobli received 6,968 millimetres (274.3 in), one of the highest in the state that year. During 2019 and 2022, Sringeri received 3,819 millimetres (150.4 in) and 3,892 millimetres (153.2 in) of annual rainfall, respectively. As of

756-555: Is the sub-district of a district, similarly, Nayabat is the sub-tehsil of a tehsil. Mandapa A mandapa or mantapa ( Sanskrit : मण्डप , romanized :  maṇḍapa ) is a pillared hall or pavilion for public rituals in Indian architecture , especially featured in Hindu temple architecture and Jain temple architecture . Mandapas are described as "open" or "closed" depending on whether they have walls. In temples, one or more mandapas very often lie between

798-454: Is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the tehsildar or, less officially, the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar . Tehsil or taluk can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with " blocks " (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks or cd blocks) and come under

840-442: The district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact. Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka. In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar functions as the executive magistrate of that tehsil. Each tehsil will have an office called tehsil office or tehsildar office at

882-481: The shilpa sastras practised in Tamilnadu . Construction of the 127 feet tall Rajagopuram entrance was completed in 2014 and its Kumbhabhishekam (grand inauguration) was performed by Sri Bharati Tirtha Mahaswamiji on 8 June 2014, the day of Jaya Samvatsariya Jyeshtha Shuddha Dashami. In addition to Sri Sharadamba temple, the following temples and shrines are within the temple complex: The Vidyashankara temple

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924-469: The 2011 India census , Sringeri had a population of 36,539. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Sringeri has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 90%, and female literacy is 82%. In Sringeri, 8.5% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sringeri is home to a number of historic temples. Of these, Sri Sharadamba temple , Sri Vidyashankara temple and Sri Malahanikareshwara temple are

966-561: The Buddhist festival Thingyan . In Javanese , the mandapa is known as a pendhapa ( ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ ). Unusually, Indonesian pendopos are built mostly for Muslim communities. Many mosques follow the pendopo design, with a layered roof. In Khmer , Mandapa is pronounced to be Mondup ( មណ្ឌប ), means pavilion. Khmer people often refer it as a small shrine with high crown-shaped like tower, decorated with exquisite ornaments in various styles. In Khmer temples during Angkor era, A Mandapa

1008-630: The Gandhakuti, as well as idols of Brahma , Saraswathi , and Ganadharas . The Sringeri Sharada Peetha or Matha is located South of the Sri Sharadamba temple, across the Tunga river, in Narasimha Vana. A foot bridge, called Vidyatheertha Setu connects the two sides. The Sringeri Sharada Peetha , also called Dakshinamnaya Sringeri Sharada peetam, is one of the four Hindu Advaita maths established by Sri Adi Shankara . Following

1050-664: The Lord. On Kartika Poornima day, Laksha Deepothsavam is celebrated on a grand scale in the presence of the Jagadguru. Sri Adi Shankara also established guardian deities around Sringeri in four directions. Sri Parshwanath Basadi (Digambar Jain Temple) is situated in the heart of Sringeri Town. This basadi was built in the memory of Mari Setty whose origin goes to one Vijayanagara Shanthi Shetty of Nidugodu village near Belur . The date of construction comes to about 1150 CE. The main temple

1092-463: The Lord’s head. But here, the speciality is that a pair of cobras intertwined hold their seven hoods like an umbrella. Hence this deity is known as Jodi Parshwanatha Swamy. In the sukhanasi the idol of Goddess Padmavati is kept. It is about nine inches in height and is made of black stone. Besides this there are also Jina images of marble, sphatika, black stone and the bronze images of 24 tirthankaras in

1134-473: The drought-stricken kingdom of Romapada. According to legend, Sri Adi Shankara is said to have selected the site as the place to stay and teach his disciples, because when he was walking by the Tunga river, he saw a cobra with a raised hood, providing shelter from the hot sun, to a frog undergoing labour. Astonished by the place where natural enemies had gone beyond their instincts, he stayed here for twelve years. Sri Adi Shankaracharya also established mathas in

1176-443: The gram panchayats or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration. Nayabat is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil

1218-515: The land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area. Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct. For example, Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state

1260-596: The most prominent. The ancient temple of Sri Sharada , the presiding deity of Sringeri has a glorious history that begins with the setting up of the Dakshinamnaya Sringeri Sharada Peetham by Sri Adi Shankara . Originally it was an unpretentious shrine with the idol of Sharada made of sandalwood, installed over the Sri Chakra that Sri Adi Shankara carved on a rock. Subsequently, Sri Bharati Krishna Tirtha and Sri Vidyaranya had

1302-541: The northern (at Jyotirmath , near Badrinath ), eastern (at Puri ) and western (at Dwaraka ) quarters of India. Sringeri is located at 13°25′N 75°15′E  /  13.42°N 75.25°E  / 13.42; 75.25 . It has an average elevation of 672 meters (2204 feet). The average annual temperature is 23.5 °C, with the highest temperatures reaching 32 °C in April and lowest temperatures of 16 °C in winter months (December–January). There

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1344-548: The river Tungā , the town draws a large number of pilgrims to its temples of Sri Sharadamba , Sri Vidyashankara, Sri Malahanikareshvara and other deities. The name Sringeri is derived from Rishyashringa-giri, a nearby hill that is believed to have contained the hermitage of Rishi Vibhandaka and his son Rishyashringa . In an episode in the Bala-Kanda of the Ramayana , Vasishtha narrates how Rishyashringa brought rains to

1386-430: The sanctuary and the temple entrance, on the same axis. In a large temple other mandapas may be placed to the sides, or detached within the temple compound. In the Hindu temple the mandapa is a porch-like structure through the ( gopuram ) (ornate gateway) and leading to the temple. It is used for religious dancing and music and is part of the basic temple compound. The prayer hall was generally built in front of

1428-441: The temple's sanctum sanctorum ( garbhagriha ). A large temple would have many mandapa . If a temple has more than one mandapa , each one is allocated for a different function and given a name to reflect its use. For example, a mandapa dedicated to divine marriage is referred to as a kalyana mandapa . Often the hall was pillared and the pillars adorned with intricate carvings . In contemporary terms, it also represents

1470-552: The term tehsil is commonly used in all northern states . In Maharashtra , Gujarat , Goa , Karnataka , Kerala and Tamil Nadu , taluka or taluk is more common. In Eastern India , instead of tehsils, the term Subdivision is used in Bihar , Assam , Jharkhand and West Bengal , as well as large parts of Northeast India ( Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Sikkim and Tripura ). In Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland , they are called circle . Tehsil/tahsil and taluk/taluka and

1512-863: The tradition initiated by Adi Shankara, the maţha is in charge of the Yajur Veda (the Krishna (Black) Yajurveda is more prevalent in South India, over which the maţha has authority in the Smarta tradition). The head of the matha is called Jagadguru (teacher to the world) and also carries the Shankaracharya name as a title. The present Sringeri Shankaracharya Shri Bharati Tirtha Swamiji has nominated Jagadguru Vidhushekhara Bharathi as his successor. There are several other historic temples and places of interest around Sringeri. Simhagiri (old Sringeri)

1554-400: The twelve signs of the zodiac. The rays of the sun fall on each of them in the order of the twelve solar months. On the floor is a large circle, marked with converging lines to indicate the direction of the shadows. The central ceiling is an exquisite piece of workmanship with lotus and pecking parrots. The vimana over the garbhagriha rises with shikhara, mahapadma and stupa. The rest of the roof

1596-488: The variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India):

1638-468: The vision of the Lord and merged into the Linga. The Sthanbha Ganapati was created in stone by Sri Ahinava Narasimha Bharati (1599 – 1622), the 24th Jagadguru, by drawing a figure of Ganesha with a piece of turmeric on one of the front pillars. Outside the temple, there are small shrines of Meenakshi Sachidanandeshvara, Kshetra Palaka and Bindu Madhava. On Mahashivaratri, the Jagadguru performs special Puja to

1680-402: The worship of the linga averts famine in the land up to a distance of 12 yojanas (100 miles). The rathotsavam of the temple is conducted in the month of Chaitra (March/April). Sirimane falls is situated at a distance of 12 km from Sringeri, and 5 km from Kigga. Visitors can take a bus from Sringeri to Kigga, then hire a local autorikshaw (3-wheeler) to reach the falls. Hariharipura

1722-495: Was built in the year 1338 A.D., in commemoration of the pontiff Sri Vidyashankara, by Sri Vidyaranya, patron-saint of Harihara and Bukka , the brothers who founded the Vijayanagara empire . Inscriptions in the temple record contributions made by several Vijayanagara emperors but the temple was probably built on an earlier Hoysala site as it combines Hoysala (Chalukya) and Vijayanagara (Dravida) architectural features. It

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1764-402: Was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluk level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily. In India,

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