135-682: Srirangam is a neighbourhood in the city of Tiruchirappalli in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . A river island, Srirangam is bounded by the Kaveri River on one side and its distributary Kollidam on the other side. Considered as the first among the 108 Divya Desams , a group of Vishnu temples, it is famous for the Ranganathaswamy Temple , the largest temple complex in India and the biggest functioning Hindu temple in
270-531: A Tiruchiite . Situated at the edge of the Kaveri Delta, the culture of Tiruchirappalli is predominantly Brahminical , prevalent elsewhere in the delta. With a substantial population of students and migrant industrial workers from different parts of India, Tiruchirappalli has a more cosmopolitan outlook than the surrounding countryside. The main festival celebrated in Tiruchirappalli is Pongal ,
405-565: A banana fruit, petals of pink oleander flowers, a pinwheelflower are used to prepare this parrot. Andal composed two literary works, both of which are in the rich Tamil verse form and express literary, philosophical, religious, and aesthetic content. Her first work is the Tiruppavai , a collection of 30 verses in which Andal imagines herself to be a gopi , one of the cowherd girls known for their unconditional devotion to Vishnu's incarnation as Krishna. In Tiruppavai, Andal idolized Radha as
540-653: A cost of ₹ 600 million (equivalent to ₹ 1.3 billion or US$ 16 million in 2023) was inaugurated in December 2010. Set up by the Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu, the park occupies an area of 59.74 hectares (147.6 acres) and constitutes a Special Economic Zone . Employing a workforce of over 1,500, more than six companies including Vuram , iLink Systems Pvt. Ltd., Scientific Publishing Company, Vdart Technologies, GI Tech Gaming Co. India Pvt. Ltd., VR Della IT Services Pvt. Ltd., and
675-516: A devotee of Vishnu. She wears the garland before wearing it to Rangamannar in the Srivilliputhur Andal Rangamannar Temple. Periyalvar, who later found it by Andal's hair in the garland, is shocked, but Andal to the old garland and wore it to Vishnu and Vishnu turned into gold, the new garland tore and fell down. Vishnu appeared in his dream and told him to dedicate only the garland worn by Andal to him because when
810-763: A major deterrent to the city's tourism industry. Once a part of the Chola kingdom, Tiruchirappalli has a number of exquisitely sculpted temples and fortresses. Most of the temples, including the Rockfort temples, the Ranganathaswamy Temple at Srirangam , the Jambukeswarar Temple at Thiruvanaikkaval , the Samayapuram Mariamman Temple , the Erumbeeswarar Temple , Gneeliwaneswarar Temple at Thiruppaingneeli and
945-514: A medium of instruction. Some have Tamil as a medium of instruction, and some have both. There are many school children who travel to nearby Tiruchirappalli also. Many schools in Srirangam, offer Sanskrit and Hindi as second languages. The nearest airport is Tiruchirappalli International Airport . Tiruchirappalli Airport has connections to Chennai , Singapore , Dubai , Sharjah , Colombo , Kuala Lumpur , Bengaluru and Mumbai . Srirangam has
1080-820: A member to the Lok Sabha —the lower house of the Parliament of India . The Lok Sabha seat has been held by the Indian National Congress for four terms (1957–62, 1984–89, 1989–91 and 1991–96 ), the Communist Party of India (1962–67, 1971–77 and 1977–80 ) and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (2001–04, 2009–14 and 2014–present) for three terms each ) and Bharatiya Janata Party (1998–99 and 1999–2001 ) for two terms each. Candidates from
1215-534: A prominent Hindu Vaishnavite pilgrimage centre, is located at the centre of this island. Most of the island forms part of the Srirangam zone of the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation and includes the suburbs of Srirangam, Thiruvanaikaval , Srinivasa Nagar and Gitapuram . Due to the famous temple, Srirangam has a thriving economy based on tourism. Devotees come from all parts of India and abroad. The number of devotees to
1350-565: A public relations officer, a city engineer, a city health officer and an Assistant Commissioner for each of the four zones. A Local Planning Authority for Tiruchirappalli was created on 5 April 1974 as per the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act of 1971 with the District Collector of Tiruchirappalli as chairman and the assistant director of Town and Country Planning as its member secretary. The city of Tiruchirappalli
1485-479: A pure lamp among the cowherd folk, the Damodara who brought name and fame to His foster-mother Yashoda! We shall approach Him in all purity, We shall strew pure and choice flowers at His feet and worship Him. We shall sing about Him and we shall unceasingly think of him: and thereby shall our sins, those already did and those we will do in the future, all of them will burn like cotton in fire. The second work by Andal
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#17327652190981620-463: A railway station that can be reached from Chennai through any of the major trains travelling in the Chennai - Kanyakumari railway track and the approximate journey time from Chennai is about 5 hours and 10 minutes (320 km). Only selected trains stop at Srirangam and rest at Tiruchirappalli junction. There is bus service from Tiruchirapalli Junction to Srirangam Temple every 5 minutes throughout
1755-467: A reclining posture ). He is regarded to have granted the idol to Vibhishana (the brother of Ravana of the Hindu epic Ramayana ) to take back with him to Lanka . Rama informed him that he could not set the idol upon the earth; if he did so, the idol would become bound upon the site. While travelling towards Lanka, he came upon the banks of the river Kaveri. He placed the idol on the banks while an utsavam
1890-588: A regional harvest festival celebrated during January. As part of the Pongal celebrations, Jallikattu , a bull-taming village sport played on the last day of the festival, is occasionally held on the outskirts of the city. Aadi Perukku , Samayapuram flower festival, Vaikunta Ekadasi , Srirangam car festival, and the Teppakulam float festival are some of the prominent festivals that are held locally. Bakrid and Eid al-Fitr are also widely celebrated, owing to
2025-430: A separate district, divided into 18 zonal offices and units, with a total of 38 police stations. The Tiruchirappalli city police force is headed by a Commissioner of police assisted by Deputy Commissioners. Law and order in suburban areas is enforced by the Tiruchirappalli district police. It has the lowest proportion of rape and murder cases in the state. Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by
2160-545: A thin bed of conglomeratic laterite . The region falls under Seismic Zone III , which is moderately vulnerable to earthquakes. The city of Tiruchirappalli lies on the plains between the Shevaroy Hills to the north and the Palani Hills to the south and south-west. Tiruchirappalli is completely surrounded by agricultural fields. Densely populated industrial and residential areas have recently been built in
2295-501: A woman, her fervor for Vishnu grew to the extent that she decided to marry only Vishnu himself. As time passed, her resolve strengthened and she thought constantly about marrying Ranganatha of Srirangam (the reclining form of Vishnu of Shesha in Tiruchirapalli ) and she married him as Rangamannar with she as Ranganayaki . Andal is Nachiyar. She writes Tiruppavai and Nachiyar Tirumoli . In Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, Andal
2430-699: Is 236 feet (72 m). According to the Limca Book of Records , it was the tallest temple tower in the world until 1999. The Jambukeswarar Temple at Thiruvanaikkaval and the Erumbeeswarar Temple at Thiruverumbur were built in the rule of the Medieval Cholas. The Jambukeswarar Temple is one of the Pancha Bhoota Stalams dedicated to Lord Shiva; it is the fifth largest temple complex in Tamil Nadu. The city's best known mosque
2565-505: Is a bus every 5 minutes and the bus service is round the clock. Buses TNSTC originating from Srirangam to various places like Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai, Madurai, Kodaikanal , etc. The climate of Tiruchirappalli (and Srirangam) is Tropical. Average Temperature Range (°C): Summer- Max. 37.1 °C (98.8 °F) Min. 26.4 °C (79.5 °F); Winter- Max. 31.3 °C (88.3 °F) Min. 20.6 °C (69.1 °F); Rainfall: 835 millimetres (32.9 in) Srirangam Assembly constituency
2700-565: Is a major tier II city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli district . The city is credited with being the best livable city, the cleanest city of Tamil Nadu, as well as the fifth safest city for women in India. It is the fourth largest city as well as the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state. Located 322 kilometres (200 mi) south of Chennai and 374 kilometres (232 mi) north of Kanyakumari , Tiruchirappalli sits almost at
2835-560: Is a major engineering equipment manufacturing and fabrication hub in India. The Golden Rock Railway Workshop , which moved to Tiruchirappalli from Nagapattinam in 1928, is one of the three railway workshop –cum–production units in Tamil Nadu. The workshops produced 650 conventional and low-container flat wagons during 2007–2008. A high-pressure boiler manufacturing plant was set up by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), India's largest public sector engineering company, in May 1965. This
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#17327652190982970-677: Is a part of the Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency . The former chief minister of the state Jayalalithaa had represented this constituency. Mutharayar and Brahmins play a major role in Srirangam Assembly constituency, as a majority of voters are from this communities. Tiruchirappalli Tiruchirappalli ( Tamil pronunciation: [ˈt̪iɾɯtːʃiɾaːpːaɭːi] , formerly called Trichinopoly in English, also known as Tiruchi or Trichy ),
3105-860: Is also called Godha , and her contributions to the arts have created Godha Mandali (circle of Andal) in the Vaishnava tradition. Through poetry of saints (such as Andal) women are thought to be able to connect with Vishnu directly and those words are thought to encapsulate their personal emotions. Godha Mandali (circle) which was named after Andal was formed in 1970 and reorganized in 1982 spreads Andal songs widely through TV and radio programs. The group would gather weekly to learn songs and would sing at events such as festivals where they would raise money for shrines. In contemporary commentaries on Tamil bhakti poetry, A.K. Ramanujan 's work remarks on how many other religious traditions would keep and treat passionate love and devotion to Vishnu as separate, while in
3240-807: Is also the largest functioning temple in the world, and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval , which is also the largest temple for the Hindu God Shiva in the world. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur , capital of the Early Cholas , is now a neighbourhood in Tiruchirappalli. The city played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars (1746–1763) between the British and the French East India companies . The city
3375-434: Is an ardent devotee of Vishnu and he used to string garlands to Vishnu every day. He was childless and he prayed to Vishnu to save him from the longing for a child. One day, he found a girl under a Tulasi plant in the garden inside Sri Andal Rangamannar Temple, Srivilliputhur . This child is an avatara of Lakshmi herself without any parents as a self created incarnation. He named the child as Godhai, who growed up as
3510-567: Is an important educational centre in the state of Tamil Nadu, and houses nationally recognized institutions such as National Institute of Technology (NIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Bharathidasan University (BDU), Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Tamil Nadu National Law University (NLU), Government Medical College . Industrial units such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Golden Rock Railway Workshop , Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli (OFT) and High Energy Projectile Factory (HEPF) have their factories in
3645-412: Is available. Softnet (STPI), Tata VSNL , Bharti and Reliance are other major broadband internet service providers in the city. Tiruchirappalli has a regional passport office, the second in Tamil Nadu, which commenced its operations on 23 March 1983 bifurcated from Chennai region. After Coimbatore and Madurai regional office were established in late 2000s by bifurcating from Trichy region, currently
3780-464: Is both here and beyond, both tangible as a person and intangible as a principle-such is the nature of the ground of all being. It is not or, but both and; myth, bhakti, poetry would be impossible without the presence of both attitudes". Several contemporary interpretations view her act of marrying Vishnu as feminist. Divine marriages and virginity allowed women's subjectivity, as she is able to choose her husband, and given an "aristocratic freedom". It
3915-498: Is celebrated as Panguni Uthiram in the Panguni month. Andal's hairstyle and ornamentation are unique to ancient Tamil culture . The tuft of the hair is bunned to the side and adorned with jasmine flowers and elaborate jewellery. Srivilliputhur Andal's hand-crafted parrot is made with fresh green leaves each and every day. This parrot is kept in the left hand of Andal. A pomegranate flower for beak and mouth, bamboo sticks for legs,
4050-521: Is followed during modern times when the garland of Andal from Srivilliputhur Andal Rangamannar Temple is sent to Tirupati Venkateshvara Temple and Tirupati Padmavati Temple on Garudotsavam during the Tamil month of Purattaasi (September – October) and Kallalagar Sundaravalli Koyil during Chitra Pournami . Andal is also called as Nachiyar or Andal Nachiyar. Godhai is brought up by Periyalvar in an atmosphere of love and devotion. As Godhai grows as
4185-447: Is generally characterised by high temperature and low humidity. With an annual mean temperature of 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) and monthly average temperatures ranging between 25 °C (77 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F), the city is the hottest in the state. The warmest months are from April to June, when the city experiences frequent dust storms. As of November 2013, the highest temperature ever recorded in Tiruchirappalli
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4320-715: Is internationally known for a brand of cheroot known as the Trichinopoly cigar , which was exported in large quantities to the United Kingdom during the 19th century. A major road and railway hub in the state, the city is served by the Tiruchirappalli International Airport (TRZ) which operates direct flights to the Middle East (Dubai, Saudi Arabia) and Southeast Asia (Singapore, Malaysia). Historically, Tiruchirappalli
4455-450: Is one of the biggest private sector distilleries in Tamil Nadu and produced 13.5 megalitres (3.0 million imperial gallons) of spirit alcohol between December 2005 and November 2006. The Ordnance Factories Board runs a weapons manufacturing unit and a Heavy Alloy Penetrator Project (HAPP) facility; the latter was set up in the late 1980s and consists of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS)—the first of its kind in India. From
4590-542: Is part of the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple at Srirangam. Srirangam town is also home to several hundred people who work in offices and industries located in Tiruchirappalli . The public transport linking Srirangam to Tiruchirappalli (route #1) is very frequent. There are numerous schools, both private and public, in the town. The Higher Secondary School for Boys was founded in 1896 and is
4725-525: Is possibly unparalleled in the whole gamut of Indian religious literature. In Nachiyar Tirumoli , Andal wants to marry Vishnu and she marries him as Rangamannar and says she would offer Vishnu 1000 pots of akkaravadisal when he marries her, which was later fulfilled by Ramanuja in the 12th century CE. Nevertheless, conservative Vaishnava institutions do not encourage the propagation of Nachiyar Tirumoli as much as they encourage Tiruppavai because Nachiyar Tirumoli belongs to an erotic genre of spirituality that
4860-602: Is remembered for her pure love and devotion. In the Tiruppavai, Andal, as a Gopi in Ayarpadi ( Vrindavana ), emphasizes that the ultimate goal of life is to seek surrender and refuge at Vishnu's feet. Ranganatha of Srirangam married Ranganayaki as Andal, both of whom miraculously went to Vaikuntha , the highest heaven. Her birthday is celebrated as Adi Puram during the Adi month and her wedding day and subsequent ascension
4995-582: Is represented in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by four elected members, one each for the Tiruchirappalli East , Tiruchirappalli West , Srirangam and Thiruverumbur constituencies. J.Jayalalithaa , former chief minister of Tamil Nadu, represented the Srirangam constituency between 2011 and 2015. Tiruchirappalli is also part of the Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency and once every five years, elects
5130-484: Is said that Tiruppavai is the nectar of Vedas and teaches philosophical values, moral values, ethical values, pure love, devotion, dedication, single-minded aim, virtues, and the ultimate goal of life. Andal extols Vishnu's incarnation as Krishna thus in this text: My dear girls! You all know Vishnu's incarnation as Krishna, who was born in Mathura and who plays in the large waters of the river Yamuna, who shines like
5265-473: Is said that by devoting herself to Vishnu and rejecting to marry humans, she avoided the regular works involved with being a wife that would inhibit her freedom. In one of her poems, Andal says that her voluptuous breasts will swell for Vishnu alone, and hates the idea of marrying people, comparing that with the Yajnas made by Brahmanas being attempted to be violated by jackals and driven away and completed in
5400-565: Is sent to Srivilliputtur Andal for marriage festival of Andal. Andal garland is also sent to Madurai Kallalagar temple for the Chithirai Festival. In poetry, 8th-century Andal became a well-known Bhakti movement poet, states Pintchman, and historical records suggest that by 12th century CE she was a major inspiration to Hindu women in south India and elsewhere. Andal continues to inspire hundreds of classical dancers in modern times choreographing and dancing Andal's songs. Andal
5535-742: Is similar to Jayadeva 's Gita Govinda . Andal is one of the reputed poet-saints of the Tamils. Hinduism shows that she is a incarnation of Lakshmi to show humanity the way to Vishnu's lotus feet. In Southern India, representations of her next to Vishnu are present in Vaishnava temples, many temples also have a separate shrine for Andal. During the month of Margali , discourses on the Tiruppavai in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Hindi take place all over India. The Srivilliputhur Andal Rangamannar Temple at Srivilliputhur consists of twin temples, one of which
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5670-617: Is the Central Tamil dialect . There is also a substantial population of Anglo-Indians , and Sri Lankan Tamil migrants , most of whom are housed in refugee camps on the outskirts of the city. Covering 18 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi), the municipality of Tiruchirappalli was inaugurated under the Town Improvements Act 1865 on 1 November 1866; it originally consisted of two ex-officers and nine nominated members. Council elections were introduced in 1877 and
5805-578: Is the Nachiyar Tirumoli , a poem of 140 verses. "Tirumoli" literally means "Sacred Sayings" in a Tamil poetic style and "Nachiyar" means Goddess. Therefore, the title means "Sacred Sayings of the Goddess." This poem fully reveals Andal's intense longing for Vishnu, her lover. Utilising classical Tamil poetic conventions and interspersing stories from the Vedas and Puranas, Andal creates imagery that
5940-610: Is the Nadir Shah Mosque . The Christ Church constructed by the German Protestant missionary Christian Friedrich Schwarz in 1766 and the Our Lady of Lourdes Church are noted examples of Gothic Revival architecture in the city. Andal Andal ( ISO 15919 : Āṇḍāḷ), also known as Godhai , Nachiyar , and Godhadevi , was the only female Alvar among the twelve Hindu poet-saints of South India . She
6075-513: Is to Andal and another temple to Rangamannar. There are a number of festivals dedicated to Andal, among the most notable being the Pavai Nonbu in the Tamil month of Margaḻi (December – January), Andal Rangamannar Thirukalyanam in Panguni , Pagalpathu, Rapathu, Adi Thiruviḻa , when Andal is depicted seated in the lap of Ranganathar. Andal is known for her unwavering devotion to Vishnu ,
6210-452: Is visible from almost every part of the city's north. The Teppakulam at the foot of the Rockfort is surrounded by bazaars. It has a mandapa at its centre. The Ranganathaswamy Temple, dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu , is located on the island of Srirangam. Often cited as the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, it has a perimeter of 4,116 metres (13,504 ft) and occupies 156 acres (630,000 m ). Considered to be among
6345-561: The Ashtakshara mantram, happened in Thirukoshtiyur , he made Srirangam his home after the demise of his Acharya in spirit, Alavanthar or Yamunacharya. Inside the temple complex, there is a separate temple dedicated to the goddess Andal . Additionally, there is a museum, a library and a bookshop. According to the regional legend , the deity Rama is regarded to have performed aradhanam ( puja ) to Vishnu's idol ( deity in
6480-565: The British Empire for its unique variety of cheroot , known as the Trichinopoly cigar . Tiruchirappalli was the first headquarters for the newly formed South Indian Railway Company in 1874 until its relocation to Madras in the early 20th century. Tiruchirappalli played an active role during the pre-independence era ; there were a number of strikes and non-violent protests during the Quit India Movement , notably
6615-678: The Communist Party of India , Tamil Maanila Congress and the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam have won once each. Indian politician Rangarajan Kumaramangalam , who served as the Minister of Power in the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee , was elected to the Lok Sabha from Tiruchirappalli in the 1998 and 1999 elections. Law and order are enforced by the Tamil Nadu police, which for administrative purposes, has constituted Tiruchirappalli city as
6750-608: The Delhi Sultanate are believed to have plundered and ravaged the region. The statue of the Hindu god Ranganatha in the temple of Srirangam vanished at about this time and was not recovered and reinstated for more than fifty years. Tiruchirappalli was ruled by the Delhi and Madurai sultanates from 1311 to 1378, but by the middle of the 14th century the Madurai Sultanate had begun to fall apart. Gradually,
6885-514: The Poondi Madha Basilica had their buses attacked in Tiruchirappalli by a group of Tamil activists. Owing to a series of terrorist attacks in Indian cities since 2000, security has been increased at sites such as Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple . Tiruchirappalli is situated in central south-eastern India, almost at the geographic centre of the state of Tamil Nadu. The Cauvery Delta begins to form 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of
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#17327652190987020-591: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiruchirapalli while Protestants are affiliated to the Trichy–Tanjore Diocese of the Church of South India . The most widely spoken language is Tamil , but there are significant numbers of Telugu , Gujarati , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi speakers. Saurashtra is also spoken by some significant minorities. The standard dialect of Tamil spoken
7155-606: The South Indian Railway Strike that took place in 1928. The city was the base for the Vedaranyam salt march initiated by C. Rajagopalachari in parallel with the Dandi March in 1930. Tiruchirappalli was an epicentre of the anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu when a team of Tamil language supporters gathered and organised a rally from the city to Madras in 1938 . Later in 1965, Tiruchirappalli
7290-756: The Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). Tiruchirappalli is the headquarters of the Trichy region of TNEB. The city and its suburbs form the Trichy Metro Electricity Distribution Circle, which is subdivided into six divisions. A chief distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters at Tennur . Water supply is provided by the Tiruchirappalli City Corporation . The city gets its drinking water supply from
7425-808: The Thayumanavar Temple between them. The Thayumanavar temple, the largest of the three, houses a shrine for Pārvatī as well as the main deity. As per a legend, Vayu Bhaghvan and Adiseshan had a dispute to find out who is superior, to prove the superiority adiseshan encircled the Kailasam, Vayu tried to remove this encircle by creating santamarutham (Twister). Because of the santamarutham, eight kodumudigal (parts) fell from kailasam into eight different places which are Thirugonamalai ( Trincomalee, Sri Lanka ), Thirukalahasti , Thiruchiramalai (Rock fort), Thiruenkoimalai , Rajathagiri , Neerthagiri , Ratnagiri , and Swethagiri Thirupangeeli . The Rockfort
7560-437: The bhakti tradition, they can be in resonance with one another: "All devotional poetry plays on the tension between saguna and nirguna, Vishnu as person and Vishnu as principle. If he were entirely a person, he would not be divine, and if he were entirely a principle, a god, one could not make poems about him. The Vaishnavas, too, say that Vishnu is characterized by both 'paratva, 'otherness' and soulabhaya, 'ease of access'; he
7695-410: The 108 Divya Desams (Holy shrines of Lord Vishnu), the temple is believed to house the mortal remains of the Vaishnavite saint and philosopher Ramanujacharya . Originally built by the Cholas, the temple was later renovated by the Pandyas, the Hoysalas , the Madurai Nayaks and the Vijayanagar empire between the 9th and 16th centuries AD. There are 21 gopurams (towers), of which the Rajagopuram
7830-415: The 3rd century BC, when it was under the rule of the Cholas . The city has also been ruled by the Mutharaiyars , Pallavas , Pandyas , Vijayanagar Empire , Nayak Dynasty , the Carnatic state and the British . The most prominent historical monuments in Tiruchirappalli include the Rockfort at Teppakulam , the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam dedicated to the reclining form of Hindu God Vishnu, and
7965-415: The City bus service runs between Srirangam and Central Bus stand. This route starts from Tiruchirappalli Central Bus Stand and goes via Tiruchirappalli Junction Railway Station, Palakkarai Rettai pillaiyar Kovil street, Main Guard Gate, Chatram Bus Stand, Cauvery River Bridge, Mambazha salai, Thiruvanaikoil and ends at Srirangam Bus Stand near the Srirangam Therkku vaasal (South entrance to the temple). There
8100-484: The Kaveri River and 1,470 bore wells linked to 60 service reservoirs in and around the city. Four of the six head works from which the city gets its water supply are maintained by the municipal corporation and the rest by other agencies. Pollution has been a major concern in Tiruchirappalli. The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board has set up five stations in the city to check the quality of air. As of 2012, about 432 tonnes (432,000 kg) of solid waste are produced in
8235-405: The Kaveri River by Karikala Chola in the 2nd century AD. Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort , the rock is said to be one of the oldest formations in the world. It is 3.8 billion years old, as it is older than Greenland and Himalayas . The medieval history of Tiruchirappalli begins with the reign of the Pallava king Mahendravarman I , who ruled over South India in the 6th century AD and constructed
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#17327652190988370-441: The Kaveri River—which crosses Tiruchirappalli from west to east—consists of deposits of fertile alluvial soil on which crops such as finger millet and maize are cultivated. Further south, the surface is covered by poor-quality black soil . A belt of Cretaceous rock known as the Trichinopoly Group runs to the north-east of the city, and to the south-east there are layers of archaean rocks, granite and gneiss covered by
8505-419: The Maratha Empire. Tiruchirappalli was administered by the Maratha general Murari Rao from 1741 to 1743, when it was regain by the Nizam of Hyderabad after the six months long siege of Trichinopoly (1743) . Nizam appointed Khwaja Abdullah as the Governor and returned to Golkonda . When the Nawab of the Carnatic Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah was dethroned by Chanda Sahib after the Battle of Ambur (1749),
8640-408: The Rockfort is a fortress which stands atop a 273-foot-high rock. It consists of a set of monolithic rocks accommodating many rock-cut cave temples. Originally built by the Pallavas, it was later reconstructed by the Madurai Nayaks and Vijayanagara rulers. The temple complex has three shrines, two of which are dedicated to Lord Ganesha , one at the foot and the Ucchi Pillayar Temple at the top, and
8775-400: The Sangam period. Uraiyur , the capital of the Early Cholas for 600 years from the 3rd century BC onwards, is a neighbourhood in the present-day Tiruchirappalli. The city is referred to as Orthoura by the historian Ptolemy in his 2nd-century work Geography . The world's oldest surviving dam, the Kallanai (Lower Anaicut) about 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Uraiyur, was built across
8910-406: The Srirangam temple. During his period the Srirangam temple was restructured, and many plans were executed for its growth and welfare of the people. The Kaveri River diverges at the Upper Anaicut , a dam at the island's westernmost point. The Kollidam River, the first and largest distributary of the Kaveri, flows to the north of the Srirangam Island , while the continuation of the Kaveri flows to
9045-406: The Tamil Nadu Disaster Recovery Centre function out of the existing building, occupying the entire built-up space. The ELCOT IT Park Trichy is in close proximity to the Tiruchi International Airport. The facility was highlighted through the two editions of Global Investors Meet and became a key factor for the demand for the built-up space. A resident of Tiruchirappalli is generally referred to as
9180-509: The Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation. As of 2013, there were a total of 40,580 UGD connections maintained by the municipal corporation. In 2020, it is estimated that 31% of the city is covered under a networked sewage system; however, As of September 2020, the corporation has fast-tracked its project to cover the entire city, funded jointly by urban local body, Tamil Nadu Urban Finance and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (Tufidco) and Asian Development Bank. The high toxicity of
9315-588: The UNESCO, Srirangam is considered the biggest functioning Hindu temple in the world, as it covers an area of about 631,000 square metres (6,790,000 sq ft) with a perimeter of 4 km (10,710 ft), Angkor Wat which is also dedicated to Vishnu is even bigger but services do not take place any more in the temple. Srirangam is one of a few self-manifested shrines (Svayam Vyakta Kshetras) of Vishnu. The temple complex spans 156 acres (0.63 km). It has seven prakaras (enclosures). These enclosures are formed by tall, thick rampart walls running around
9450-428: The United Kingdom. The city has a number of retail and wholesale markets, the most prominent among them being the Gandhi Market , which also serves people from other parts of the district. Other notable markets in the city are the flower bazaar in Srirangam and the mango market at Mambazha Salai . The suburb of Manachanallur is known for its rice mills, where polished Ponni rice is produced. Tiruchirappalli
9585-400: The Vijayanagar Empire established supremacy over the northern parts of the kingdom, and Tiruchirappalli was taken by the Vijayanagar prince Kumara Kampanna Udaiyar in 1371. The Vijayanagar Empire ruled the region from 1378 until the 1530s, and played a prominent role in reviving Hinduism by reconstructing temples and monuments destroyed by the previous Muslim rulers. Following the collapse of
9720-618: The Vijayanagar Empire in the early part of the 16th century, the Madurai Nayak kingdom began to assert its independence. The city flourished during the reign of Vishwanatha Nayak ( c. 1529 –1564), who is said to have protected the area by constructing the Teppakulam and building walls around the Srirangam temple. His successor Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka made Tiruchirappalli his capital, and it served as
9855-532: The arms of Vishnu, making love to him: My life will be spared, Only if he will come, To stay for me for one night, If he will enter me, So as to leave, The imprint of his saffron paste, Upon my breasts, Mixing, churning, maddening me inside, Gathering my swollen ripeness, Spilling nectar, As my body and blood, Bursts into flower! William Dalrymple- In search of Tamil Nadu's poet-preachers. Quoted from Feminism and world religions by Arvind Sharma, Katherine K. Young: "What Andal and other women poets did by living
9990-767: The attack. The Carnatic kingdom was annexed by the British in July 1801 as a consequence of the discovery of collusion between Tipu Sultan—an enemy of the British—and Umdat Ul-Umra , son of Wallajah and the Nawab at the time, during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War . Trichinopoly was incorporated into the Madras Presidency the same year, and the district of Trichinopoly was formed, with
10125-658: The banks of Kaveri in areas near Srirangam and Tiruchirappalli there are other famous temples of Vishnu most of which house the reclining form of him, namely the Sri Vadivalagiya Nambi Perumal Temple (Thiru Anbil) and housing the deity Appala Ranganathar , also called the Appukudaththan Temple at Koviladi . Another temple of Vishnu is at Tiruchirappalli itself, the Alagiya Nambi Temple at Woraiyur which
10260-622: The capital of the Madurai Nayak kingdom from 1616 to 1634 and from 1665 to 1736. In 1736 the last Madurai Nayak ruler, Meenakshi , committed suicide, and Tiruchirappalli was conquered by Chanda Sahib . He ruled the kingdom from 1736 to 1741, when he was captured and imprisoned by the Marathas in the siege of Trichinopoly (1741) led by general Raghuji Bhonsle under the orders of Chhattrapati Shahu . Chanda Sahib remained prisoner for about eight years before making his escape from
10395-644: The city Natharnagar after the Sufi saint Nathar Vali , who is thought to have lived there in the 12th century AD. Tiruchirappalli was invaded by Nanjaraja Wodeyar in 1753 and Hyder Ali of the Mysore kingdom in 1780, both attacks repulsed by the troops of the British East India Company. A third invasion attempt, by Tipu Sultan —son of Hyder Ali—in 1793, was also unsuccessful; he was pursued by British forces led by William Medows , who thwarted
10530-689: The city every day. Solid waste management in the city is handled by the corporation; places such as the Gandhi Market, Central Bus terminus and the Chathram bus terminus are being monitored by other agencies. The principal landfill is at Ariyamangalam. Waste water management in the Trichy-Srirangam underground drainage (UGD) areas is handled by the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) and in other areas by
10665-575: The city of Srirangam lived completely within the walls of this temple, and is often described as a Hindu religious utopia . The Srirangam temple is one of the three temples of the deity Ranganatha (Antya Ranga) that are situated in the natural islands formed in the Kaveri river. They are: There is a gopuram fully made of gold, which is protected by an electrical fence. Clothes such as silk sarees, dhoti and towels, which are used for religious purposes are auctioned here. Ramanuja (11th century), one of
10800-607: The city of Trichinopoly (or Tiruchirappalli) as its capital. During the Company Raj and later the British Raj , Tiruchirappalli emerged as one of the most important cities in India. According to the 1871 Indian census —the first in British India—Tiruchirappalli had a population of 76,530, making it the second largest city in the presidency after the capital of Madras (now Chennai). It was known throughout
10935-607: The city the title, "Energy equipment and fabrication capital of India". Other important industries in Tiruchirappalli include Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL), which was established at Senthaneerpuram in the former Golden Rock municipality in 1966. and the Trichy Steel Rolling Mills, which was started as a private limited company on 27 June 1961. The Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited manufactures rectified spirit , acetaldehyde , acetic acid , acetic anhydride and ethyl acetate . It
11070-539: The city where the river divides into two streams—the Kaveri and the Kollidam —to form the island of Srirangam . By road it is 912 kilometres (567 mi) south of Hyderabad , 322 kilometres (200 mi) south-west of Chennai and 331 kilometres (206 mi) south-east of Bangalore . The topology of Tiruchirappalli is almost flat with an average elevation of 81 metres (266 ft). A few isolated hillocks rise above
11205-529: The city. Textile weaving, leather-work and gem cutting are some of the important crafts practised in Tiruchirappalli. Wooden idols of Hindu gods and goddesses are sold at Poompuhar , the crafts emporium run by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The Trichy Travel Federation (TTF) was formed on 5 May 2009 to promote Tiruchirappalli as a favourable tourist destination. The federation organises an annual food festival called Suvai . Lack of infrastructure has been
11340-442: The city. Both Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ) and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services are available. BSNL also provides broadband internet services. BSNL began offering wireless internet services with the commencement of Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) transmission in 2008. Tiruchirappalli is one of the few cities in India where BSNL's Caller Line Identification (CLI)-based internet service Netone
11475-465: The city. The presence of a large number of energy equipment manufacturing units in and around the city has earned it the title of "Energy Equipment and Fabrication Capital of India". It is one of the few towns and cities in List of AMRUT Smart cities in Tamil Nadu selected for AMRUT Schemes from central government and the developmental activities are taken care by government of Tamil Nadu. Tiruchirappalli
11610-471: The day. At night bus frequency is half an hour. The Tiruchirappalli fort and Tiruchirapalli Junction which are at a distance of 2 km and 7 km respectively, serve as a connection point to many destinations in southern India, such as Thanjavur , Thiruvananthapuram , Chidambaram , Madurai , Tirupati , Tuticorin , Tenkasi , Rameswaram , Kollam , Bengaluru , Coimbatore , Mysuru , Kochi , Kanyakumari and Mangalore . It also connects cities in
11745-587: The eighth day of the Tamil month of Aadi . For Tirupati Brahmotsavam , garlands worn to Andal in Srivilliputhur temple are sent to Tirupati Venkateshvara Temple at Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh . These traditional garlands are made of tulasi, sevanthi and sampangi flowers. These garlands are worn by Venkateshvara during the Garudaseva procession. Every year, Tirupati Venkateswara's garland
11880-607: The first chairman was elected in 1889. The municipality was upgraded to a municipal corporation as per the Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation Act 1994 by inclusion of the erstwhile Srirangam and Golden Rock municipalities. Covering 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi), the municipal corporation comprises 65 wards and four administrative zones; these are Srirangam, Ariyamangalam , Golden Rock and Abhishekapuram . Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation Council,
12015-643: The forests, and in another verse she dedicates her swelling breasts to Vishnu who carries a conch and a discus. Feminist interpretations look at some of Andal's verses as her open acknowledgement of her love for Vishnu, written with bold sensuality and startlingly savage longing, hunger, inquiry as widely found in Tamil Sangam literature that express women's longings and their separation from their men which ends in their union; even today, her most desirous poems are rarely rendered publicly. In one such verse Andal dispenses with metaphor and imagines herself lying in
12150-661: The former fled to Tiruchirappalli, where he set up his base. The subsequent siege of Trichinopoly (1751-1752) by Chanda Sahib took place during the Second Carnatic War between the British East India Company and Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah on one side and Chanda Sahib and the French East India Company on the other. The British were victorious and Wallajah was restored to the throne. During his reign he proposed renaming
12285-538: The geographic centre of Tamil Nadu state. The Cauvery Delta begins 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the city where the Kaveri river splits into two, forming the island of Srirangam which is now incorporated into the Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation . The city occupies an area of 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi) and had a population of 916,857 in 2011. Tiruchirappalli's recorded history begins in
12420-487: The ideal gopi and also invoked the gopis of Vrindavana . Rukmini is a form of Lakshmi , who is accorded the status of the supreme consort of Vishnu in Sri Vaishnavism. In these verses, she describes the yearning to serve Vishnu and achieve happiness not just in one lifetime, but for all eternity. She also describes the religious vows (pavai) that she and her fellow cowherd girls will observe for this purpose. It
12555-537: The island's south. While the Kollidam continues flowing east past the island unimpeded, the Grand Anaicut dams the Kaveri at the island's eastern end, splitting the river into four streams. One stream flows northeast for a short distance, joining the Kollidam and cutting off Srirangam Island on its eastern end. The island is 19 miles (31 km) in length and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide. The town of Srirangam,
12690-577: The late 1980s, a synthetic gem industry was developed in the city; the gemstones are cut and polished in Tiruchirappalli district and in Pudukottai district . In 1990, the Indian government launched a scheme to increase employment by boosting the production of American diamonds and training local artisans in semi-automated machinery and technology. The local gem industry was reportedly generating annual revenues of ₹ 100 million (equivalent to ₹ 600 million or US$ 7.1 million in 2023) by
12825-494: The legislative body, comprises 65 councillors elected from each of the 65 wards and is headed by a mayor assisted by a Deputy Mayor . The executive wing has seven departments—general administration, revenue, town planning, engineering, public health, information technology and personnel—and is headed by a City Commissioner. The Commissioner is assisted by two executive engineers for the east and west sections, and Assistant Commissioners for personnel, accounts and revenue departments,
12960-649: The mid-1990s. Concerns have been raised over the employment of children aged 9–14 in the gem cutting and polishing industry. As a result, in 1996, Tiruchirappalli district was selected to be involved in the National Child Labour Project and in the running of special schools to educate working children. As of December 2010, the Tiruchirappalli region annually exports around ₹ 262.1 million (equivalent to ₹ 590 million or US$ 7.0 million in 2023) of software. The ELCOT IT Park Trichy —the city's first IT park—commissioned at
13095-601: The most celebrated theologians of Hinduism, made his monastic home by the temple at Srirangam. Here he wrote his famous commentaries on the Brahma Sutra , which expressed a qualified non-dualism of the Vedanta, his Vishishtadvaita . Ramanuja's body is said to come out of the Earth after he was buried and was preserved at this temple. Although, Ramanujar hailed from Sriperumbudur and a pivotal point in his lifetime, receiving
13230-517: The name may derive from a rock inscription carved in the 16th century in which Tiruchirappalli is written as Tiru-ssila-palli , meaning "holy-rock-town" in Tamil . Other scholars have suggested that the name Tiruchirappalli is a rewording of Tiru-chinna-palli , meaning "holy little town". The Madras Glossary gives the root as Tiruććināppalli or the "holy ( tiru ) village ( palli ) of the shina ( Cissampelos pareira ) plant". According to Hindu mythology , Tiruchirappalli derives its name from
13365-508: The new garland was put on Vishnu's idol, it fell down but when the garland was worn by Andal, Vishnu turned into gold. Godhai is named Andal and was referred to as "Sudikodutha Sudarkodi Nachiyar", meaning the woman who wore and gave her garland to Vishnu as an incarnation of Lakshmi. Periyalvar took Andal to the Ranganatha Ranganayaki Temple in Srirangam and Lakshmi as Andal married Vishnu as Rangamannar. The practice
13500-548: The northern part of the city, and the southern edge also has residential areas. The older part of Tiruchirappalli, within the Rockfort, is unplanned and congested while the adjoining newer sections are better executed. Many of the old houses in Srirangam were constructed according to the shilpa sastras , the canonical texts of Hindu temple architecture. Tiruchirappalli experiences a dry-summer tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification : As ), with no major change in temperature between summer and winter. The climate
13635-418: The office caters to the needs of Trichy and seven adjacent districts namely, Karur , Nagappattinam, Perambalur, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Ariyalur and Tiruvarur. During British rule, Tiruchirappalli was known for its tanneries, cigar-manufacturing units and oil presses. At its peak, more than 12 million cigars were manufactured and exported annually. Tanned hides and skins from Tiruchirappalli were exported to
13770-405: The oldest one in the town. There is also a Higher Secondary School for girls which is almost as old as that of the boys. Sri Vageesha Vidhyashram Senior Secondary School, Srimad Andavan College, Chinmaya Vidyalaya Matric. School, Sri Akilandeswari Vidyalaya, Vignesh Sri Ranga Matriculation School, Sri Vaijayanthi Vidhyalaya etc., are other institutions in Srirangam. Most of the schools have English as
13905-562: The option to avoid childbearing, male domination and live a new life of devotion to deities. Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagar Dynasty composed the epic poem Amuktamalyada in Telugu , which is considered as a masterpiece. Amuktamalyada translates to one who wears and gives away garlands , and describes the story of Andal, the companion of Periyalvar . Amuktamalyada describes worries of separation experienced by Andal, who
14040-485: The population respectively. There were 228,518 people, roughly constituting about 26.96% of the total population, who lived in slums in the city. The daily floating population of the city was estimated at around 250,000. The city's population is predominantly Hindu . Muslims constitute about twenty percent, and there is also a considerable Christian population. Sikhs and Jains are present in smaller numbers. Roman Catholics in Tiruchirappalli are affiliated to
14175-462: The preserver god. Adopted by her caretaker, Periyalvar, Andal avoided earthly marriage, the normal and expected path for women of her culture, to marry Vishnu, both spiritually and physically. In many places in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu , Andal is treated more than a saint and as a form of god herself and a shrine for Andal is dedicated in several Vishnu temples. Thousands of people from
14310-558: The proposed move was shelved by successive governments. Like much of Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli remains prone to communal tensions based on religion and ethnicity. There have been occasional outbreaks of violence against Sri Lankans . In 2009, the offices of a Sri Lankan airline were attacked in the city. In September 2012, two groups of Sri Lankan pilgrims who had visited the Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health in Velankanni and
14445-513: The quality of the groundwater was suitable for human consumption, the quality of the pond water in the city was "not fit for human usage, agricultural or industrial purposes". Under the National Urban Sanitation Policy, Tiruchirappalli was ranked sixth in India and first in Tamil Nadu on the basis of sanitation for the year 2009–10. In January 2010, Tiruchirappalli became the first city in India where open defecation
14580-742: The rock-cut cave-temples within the Rockfort . Following the downfall of the Pallavas in the 8th century, the city was conquered by the Medieval Cholas , who ruled until the 13th century. After the decline of the Cholas, Tiruchirappalli was conquered by the Pandyas , who ruled from 1216 until their defeat in 1311 by Malik Kafur , the commander of Allauddin Khilji . The victorious armies of
14715-650: The sanctum. There are 21 towers, gopurams , in all prakaras decreasing in height inwards. The temple town lies on an islet formed by the rivers Kaveri and Kollidam. The southern gopuram of the temple, called the Raja gopuram , is 239.5 feet tall and, as of 2016, is the tallest in Asia. The construction of the Rajagopuram began during the reign of Achyuta Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara empire. However, construction
14850-456: The south-east. From June to September, the city experiences a moderate climate tempered by heavy rain and thundershowers. Rainfall is heaviest between October and December because of the north-east monsoon winds, and from December to February the climate is cool and moist. The average annual rainfall is 841.9 mm (33.15 in), slightly lower than the state's average of 945 mm (37.2 in). Fog and dew are rare and occur only during
14985-492: The south. The Chola kings Dharmavarcholan and Killivalavan developed the shrine into the present size of the temple, with the contributions of Tirumangai Alvar . They built the basic foundations and main buildings. After the rise of the Vijayanagara Empire , the emperor Krishnadevaraya offered his patronage to the city, treating it on par with Tirupati and bequeathing plenty of treasures, jewels and lands to
15120-540: The spot came to be known as Srirangam in Sanskrit ("Shri-Rangam") and Tiruvarangam (Thiru + Arangam = Thiruvarangam) in Tamil. "Shri" in Sanskrit and "Thiru" in Tamil are prefixes indicating respect and reverence, i.e. "Holy Rangam". Srirangam is famous for its Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple , a major pilgrimage destination for Hindus (especially Sri Vaishnavas ) and the largest temple complex in India. According to
15255-466: The state of Tamil Nadu participate in the "Aadi Pooram" festival celebrated in the Andal Temple. After early morning special pujas, the presiding deities, Sri Rengamannar and Goddess Andal are taken in decorated palanquins to the car. The festival marks the adoption of presiding deity, Andal, by Periyalvar after he found her near a Tulsi plant in the garden of Rangamannar Temple at Srivilliputhur on
15390-621: The substantial number of Muslims in the city. Nationwide festivals such as the Gregorian New Year , Christmas, Deepavali and Holi are also celebrated in Tiruchirappalli. The 12th century Tamil epic Kambaramayanam was first recited at the Ranganathaswamy temple in Srirangam. In 1771, Rama Natakam , a musical drama written Arunachala Kavi and based on the Ramayana , was also performed there. Tiruchirappalli
15525-582: The surface, the highest of which is the Rockfort; its estimated age of 3,800 million years makes it one of the oldest rocks in the world. Other prominent hillocks include the Golden Rock , Khajamalai , and one each at Uyyakondan Thirumalai and Thiruverumbur . Apart from Kaveri and its tributary Kollidam , the city is also drained by the Uyyakondan Channel, Koraiyar and Kudamurutti river channels. The land immediately surrounding
15660-755: The temples in Urayur , are built in the Dravidian style of architecture ; the Ranganathaswamy Temple and Jambukeswarar Temple are often counted among the best examples of this style. The rock-cut cave temples of the Rockfort, along with the gateway and the Erumbeeswarar Temple, are listed as monuments of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India . Considered one of the symbols of Tiruchirappalli,
15795-464: The three-headed demon Trishira , who meditated on the Hindu god Shiva near the present-day city to obtain favours from the god. An alternative derivation, albeit not universally accepted, is that the source of the city's name is the Sanskrit word "Trishirapuram"— Trishira , meaning "three-headed", and palli or puram meaning "city". Tiruchirappalli is one of the oldest inhabited cities in Tamil Nadu ; its earliest settlements date back to
15930-402: The town increases greatly during the festivals like Vaikunta Ekadashi which falls on the Tamil month of Marghazi (Margashirsha). There are many other famous temples near Srirangam. They include Pillaiyar Rockfort temple, Samayapuram Mariamman temple, Tiruvaanaikovil temple, Vayalur Murugan temple, Uraiyur Vekkali Amman temple, Kattu Alagiya Singar temple etc. In addition along
16065-505: The waste water released by the Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL) is a major cause of concern for the corporation. The corporation's annual expenditure for the year 2010–11 was estimated to be ₹ 1,559.4 million (equivalent to ₹ 3.2 billion or US$ 38 million in 2023). In 2013, researchers from Bharathidasan University assessed water quality in the Tiruchirappalli area and concluded that although
16200-412: The way they did was to negotiate a space within a marriage-dominated society and made at least some sections of society make room for them". Andal fulfilled the expectation of becoming a wife by marrying Vishnu, but since her husband is a god, she gained her freedom. This act is referred to as virginal feminism by numerous scholars in patristic and matristic theology. Virginity is viewed as giving women
16335-705: The western part of India, such as Pune , Surat , Jodhpur , Bikaner and Ahmedabad , and some North Indian cities like New Delhi and Jammu . Tiruchirappalli Central bus stand has direct services to most parts of Tamil Nadu. From the bus stand, tourists can avail of local buses, taxis and autorickshaws to reach Srirangam. City Bus service to all places of tourist interest from Central Bus Stand and Chinthamani - Main Guard Gate Bus Stand (Both in Tiruchirappalli). Tourist taxis and autorickshaws are also available at reasonable rates. Route No. 1 of
16470-414: The winter season. Trichy has been ranked 11th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' According to the 2011 Indian census , Tiruchirappalli had a population of 847,387, 9.4% of whom were under the age of six, living in 214,529 families within the municipal corporation limits. The recorded population density
16605-413: The world. Srirangam is also home to a significant population of Sri Vaishnavas (followers of Vishnu ). Old Tamil literature refers to the place as Tiruvarangam. The name owes itself to the legend that once the holy vimana (Sriranga Vimana) of Vishnu, which is believed to have become stranded at this place. An isle lying in the midst of the winding branches of a river is called arangam in Tamil. Thus,
16740-496: Was 43.9 °C (111.0 °F), which occurred on 2 May 1896; the lowest was observed on 6 February 1884 at 13.9 °C (57.0 °F). The high temperatures in the city have been attributed to the presence of two rivers—Kaveri and Kollidam— and the absence of greenery around the city. As Tiruchirappalli is on the Deccan Plateau the days are extremely warm and dry; evenings are cooler because of cold winds that blow from
16875-433: Was 5,768/km (14,940/sq mi) while the sex ratio was 975 males for every 1,000 females. The Tiruchirappalli urban agglomeration had a population of 1,022,518, and was ranked the fourth largest in Tamil Nadu and the 53rd in India as of 2011. The city had an average literacy rate of 91.37%, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 10.48% and 0.27% of
17010-587: Was categorised into four pillars, namely Institutional, Social, Economic and Physical, which comprised 78 indicators such as urban transport, waste water management, solid waste management and governance. Tiruchirappalli comes under the Tiruchi Telecom District of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. There are about 20,000 business telephone subscribers in
17145-478: Was commonly referred to in English as "Trichinopoly". The shortened forms "Trichy" or "Tiruchi" are used in everyday speech and the full name Tiruchirapalli appears in official use by government and quasi-government offices but seldom used by the general public. According to the late scholar C. P. Brown , Tiruchirappalli might be a derivative of the word Chiruta-palli (lit. "little town"). Orientalists Henry Yule and Arthur Coke Burnell have speculated that
17280-529: Was followed by a seamless steel plant and a boiler auxiliaries plant. In 2010, the Tiruchirappalli unit of the company contributed to nearly 30 per cent of its total sales, making it the largest of all units. As of 2011, the Tiruchirappalli division employed about 10,000 people, and is supported by a number of ancillary industries producing almost 250,000 tonnes (250,000,000 kg) of fabricated materials. These ancillary units together with BHEL contribute nearly 60 per cent of India's steel fabrication, earning
17415-407: Was halted after his death and the structure of the Rajagopuram remained incomplete for over 400 years. The completion of the Rajagopuram was undertaken and completed successfully by Sri Vedanta Desika Yatheendra Mahadesikan, the 44th jeeyar of Sri Ahobila Matha . The construction spanned 8 years before it was consecrated on 25 March 1987. In historic times, just after the construction of this temple,
17550-403: Was home to some of the prominent Carnatic musicians —including Lalgudi Jayaraman , Srirangam Kannan and A. K. C. Natarajan —and scholars such as T. S. Murugesan Pillai , Kundalam Rangachariar and K. A. P. Viswanatham . Composers, poets and vocalists such as G. Ramanathan , T. K. Ramamoorthy , Vaali and P. Madhuri , who have made significant contributions to Tamil film music hail from
17685-406: Was in progress. When the utsavam got over, the idol refused to move, according to some accounts because Vishnu grew fond of Srirangam. When Vibhishana requested the deity to come along with him, Vishnu refused, but promised to bless Vibhishana by always facing the south (the direction of Lanka, home to Vibhishana). It is due this reason the idol of the deity (in a reclining posture) is believed to face
17820-399: Was made the base of the "Madras state Anti-Hindi Conference" convened by C. Rajagopalachari. The population of Tiruchirappalli continued to grow rapidly, achieving a growth rate of 36.9% during the period 1941–51. After independence in 1947, Tiruchirappalli fell behind other cities such as Salem and Coimbatore in terms of growth. Tiruchirappalli remained a part of Madras State , which
17955-708: Was posthumously considered an avatara of the goddess Lakshmi . As with the Alvar saints, she was affiliated with the Sri Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism . Active in the 8th-century CE, Andal is credited with two great Tamil works, Tiruppavai and Nachiyar Tirumoli , which are still recited by devotees during the winter festival season of Margali. Andal is a prominent figure for women in South India and has inspired several women's groups such as Goda Mandali. In literary and religious tradition, Periyalvar
18090-628: Was prevented in all its slums. In a 2016 survey conducted by the Ministry of Urban Development , as a part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign, Tiruchirappalli was ranked third in the list of cleanest cities in India . Under the ease of living index 2018 published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Tiruchirappalli was ranked twelfth in India and first in Tamil Nadu among the 111 cities considered. The ranking framework
18225-407: Was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The city underwent extensive economic development in the 1960s with the commissioning of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited . In the early 1980s, M. G. Ramachandran , then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu drafted a plan to move the state's administrative headquarters to Tiruchirappalli. A satellite town was developed near Navalpattu on the outskirts of the city, but
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