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77-592: The Tivoli was in testing and development for the three years prior to its announcement in November 2014 and was revealed in concept with the project name X100. It was launched in South Korea in January 2015. The Tivoli is offered with a choice of petrol or diesel 1.6-liter engines and is available in two or four-wheel drive. It is equipped with a six-speed manual or AISIN automatic gearbox, which SsangYong claims

154-476: A mining engineer , who made the requisite drawings and submitted a patent application. The patent for his machine was issued on 17 July 1830, and in the same year, he and his partners opened the first machine-based clothing manufacturing company in the world to create army uniforms for the French Army . However, the factory was burned down, reportedly by workers fearful of losing their livelihood, following

231-528: A 10.25-inch digital instrument cluster , and a 9.0-inch central infotainment system compatible with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto . The updated Tivoli features a new 1.5-liter turbo petrol engine, which will replace the existing 1.6-liter petrol engine. The SsangYong Tivoli XLV (sold in South Korea as the SsangYong Tivoli Air ) is an extended version of the Tivoli. It is lengthened behind

308-509: A German-born engineer working in England, was awarded the first British patent for a mechanical device to aid the art of sewing, in 1755. His invention consisted of a double pointed needle with an eye at one end. In 1790, the English inventor Thomas Saint invented the first sewing machine design. His machine was meant to be used on leather and canvas material. It is likely that Saint had

385-429: A case for patent infringement in 1854 and was awarded the right to claim royalties from the manufacturers using ideas covered by his patent, including Singer. Singer had seen a rotary sewing machine being repaired in a Boston shop. As an engineer, he thought it was clumsy and decided to design a better one. The machine he devised used a falling shuttle instead of a rotary one; the needle was mounted vertically and included

462-445: A clutch motor. It does not make any sound unless the operator hits the pedal on the machine, but it cannot withstand the same kind of use as a clutch motor. Before sewing machines were invented women spent much of their time maintaining their family's clothing. Middle-class housewives, even with the aid of a hired seamstress, would devote several days of each month to this task. It took an experienced seamstress at least 14 hours to make

539-428: A diminished role in household management , and allowed more hours for their own leisure as well as the ability to seek more employment. Industrial use of sewing machines further reduced the burden placed upon housewives, moving clothing production from housewives and seamstresses to large-scale factories . The movement to large-scale factories resulted in a great increase in productivity; fewer workers could produce

616-447: A dress shirt for a man; a woman's dress took 10 hours; and a pair of summer trousers took nearly three hours. Most people except the very well-off would have only two sets of clothing: a work outfit and a Sunday outfit. Sewing machines reduced the time for making a dress shirt to an hour and 15 minutes; the time to make a dress to an hour; and the time for a pair of summer pants to 38 minutes. This reduced labor resulted in women having

693-557: A farmer from Raphine in Rockbridge County, Virginia, patented the first chain stitch single-thread sewing machine on June 2, 1857. In partnership with James Willcox, Gibbs became a principal partner in Willcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company. Willcox & Gibbs commercial sewing machines are still used in the 21st century, with spares parts available. William Jones started making sewing machines in 1859 and in 1860 formed

770-464: A late date of 1854. In 1842, John Greenough patented the first sewing machine in the United States. The British partners Newton and Archibold introduced the eye-pointed needle and the use of two pressing surfaces to keep the pieces of fabric in position, in 1841. The first machine to combine all the disparate elements of the previous half-century of innovation into the modern sewing machine was

847-505: A lockstitch can be formed anywhere on the material being sewn; it does not need to be near an edge. Overlock, also known as "serging" or "serger stitch", can be formed with two to four threads, one or two needles, and one or two loopers. Overlock sewing machines are usually equipped with knives that trim or create the edge immediately in front of the stitch formation. Household and industrial overlock machines are commonly used for garment seams in knit or stretchy fabrics, for garment seams where

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924-434: A man's shirt in about one hour, compared to 14 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours by hand. In 1877, the world's first crochet machine was invented and patented by Joseph M. Merrow , then-president of what had started in the 1840s, as a machine shop to develop specialized machinery for the knitting operations. This crochet machine was the first production overlock sewing machine. The Merrow Machine Company went on to become one of

1001-665: A partnership with Thomas Chadwick. As Chadwick & Jones , they manufactured sewing machines at Ashton-under-Lyne , England until 1863. Their machines used designs from Howe and Wilson produced under licence. Thomas Chadwick later joined Bradbury & Co. William Jones opened a factory in Guide Bridge , Manchester in 1869. In 1893 a Jones advertising sheet claimed that this factory was the "Largest Factory in England Exclusively Making First Class Sewing Machines". The firm

1078-546: A presser foot to hold the cloth in place. It had a fixed arm to hold the needle and included a basic tension system. This machine combined elements of Thimonnier, Hunt and Howe's machines. Singer was granted an American patent in 1851. The foot treadle used since the Middle Ages, used to convert reciprocating to rotary motion, was adapted to drive the sewing machine, leaving both hands free. When Howe learned of Singer's machine he took him to court, where Howe won and Singer

1155-480: A short arc, which was an improvement over Singer and Howe's. However, John Bradshaw had patented a similar device and threatened to sue, so Wilson decided to try a new method. He went into partnership with Nathaniel Wheeler to produce a machine with a rotary hook instead of a shuttle. This was far quieter and smoother than other methods, with the result that the Wheeler & Wilson Company produced more machines in

1232-406: A single dedicated task and are capable of continuous use for long periods; they have larger moving parts and larger motors rated for continuous operation. Parts for different industrial machines, such as motors, sewing feet, and bobbins may be interchangeable, but this is not always so. The motors on industrial machines, as with most of their components, lights, etc., are separate, usually mounted to

1309-417: A tension regulator. If the stitch is too saggy or too tight, the most likely cause is a tension problem. There are mainly two types of sewing machines available: industrial and domestic. Industrial sewing machines are larger, faster, and more varied in their size, cost, appearance, and task. An industrial sewing machine can handle heavy-duty sewing jobs. Industrial machines, unlike domestic machines, perform

1386-544: A top speed of 193 km/h (120 mph). Over 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi) of racing, Fuertes and Vallejo finished the rally in a 32nd place on their very first Dakar Rally. They were also 4th in the T1.3 category (petrol vehicles with 2WD). Aisin Seiki Aisin Corporation ( 株式会社アイシン , Kabushiki gaisha Aishin ) is a Japanese corporation that develops and produces components and systems for

1463-419: A working model, but there is no surviving evidence of one. He was a skilled cabinet maker and his device included many practical and functional features: an overhanging arm; a feed mechanism (adequate for short lengths of leather); a vertical needle bar; and a looper. Saint created the machine to reduce the amount of hand-stitching on garments, making sewing more reliable and functional. His sewing machine used

1540-729: Is Aisin's first in North America and third worldwide, is officially named FT Techno of America (FTTA), but is also known as the Fowlerville Proving Ground. FTTA is Aisin's fifth group company in Michigan. In 2009, the North American division and its companies were placed under a newly created entity named Aisin World Corporation of America, which was structured so that Toyota, Mitsui , and

1617-406: Is as quick and efficient as a dual-clutch setup. In May 2019, SsangYong revealed a teaser image and main specs of the first facelift of the Tivoli. The new version of the car was launched on June 4 in South Korea. The facelifted Tivoli received a new exterior design, including new LED headlights, fog lights and new taillight graphics. The dashboard also reshaped, with a new centre stack, air vents,

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1694-416: Is controlled by a cam . As the cam rotates, a fingerlike follower that is connected to the needle bar rides along the cam and tracks its indentations. As the follower moves in and out, the needle bar is moved from side to side. Very old sewing machines lack this hardware and so cannot natively produce a zigzag stitch, but there are often shank-driven attachments available which enable them to do so. Besides

1771-415: Is known as a "safety stitch". A similar machine used for stretch fabrics is called a mock safety . Coverstitch is formed by two or more needles and one or two loopers. Like lockstitch and chainstitch, coverstitch can be formed anywhere on the material being sewn. One looper manipulates a thread below the material being sewn, forming a bottom cover stitch against the needle threads. An additional looper above

1848-401: Is pushed up through slots in the machine surface, then dragged horizontally past the needle. The dogs are serrated to grip the material, and a "presser foot" is used to keep the material in contact with the dogs. At the end of their horizontal motion, the dogs are lowered again and returned to their original position while the needle makes its next pass through the material. While the needle is in

1925-449: Is very common on industrial two needle machines. Most household machines do not use needle feed. A walking foot replaces the stationary presser foot with one that moves along with whatever other feed mechanisms the machine already has. As the walking foot moves, it shifts the workpiece along with it. It is most useful for sewing heavy materials where needle feed is mechanically inadequate, for spongy or cushioned materials where lifting

2002-752: The Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid from 2017 onward. The two-axis design eliminates the second planetary gearset used in the 2010–2015 Prius and Prius c, which reduces the width and weight of the eCVT and improves its overall efficiency. Aisin AW was based in Anjō , with another major division located in Okazaki . Two European divisions, AW Europe & AW Technical Center Europe, were located in Braine-l'Alleud (for research and development ) and Baudour (for

2079-689: The SeaHorses Mikawa , the 5-time champions of the JBL Super League , and has sponsored Toyota Gazoo Racing Europe since 2012. Aisin AW currently sponsors Austin Hill in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and Xfinity Series . Hill drives the #61 Toyota Supra and #16 Toyota Tundra for Hattori Racing Enterprises . HRE's first win came at Atlanta Motor Speedway with Brett Moffitt , whose truck

2156-745: The UK Patent Office , made adjustments to the looper, and built a working machine, currently owned by the Science Museum in London . In 1804, a sewing machine was built by two Englishmen, Thomas Stone and James Henderson, and a machine for embroidering was constructed by John Duncan in Scotland. An Austrian tailor, Josef Madersperger , began developing his first sewing machine in 1807 and presented his first working machine publicly in 1814. Having received financial support from his government,

2233-406: The chain stitch method, in which the machine uses a single thread to make simple stitches in the fabric. A stitching awl would have pierced the material, and a forked-point rod would have carried the thread through the hole, where it would have been hooked underneath and moved to the next stitching place, after which the cycle would be repeated, thereby locking the stitch in place. Saint's machine

2310-609: The remanufacturing of automatic transmissions and transaxles , and the production of electronic components). Aisin AI was an Aisin Seiki subsidiary spun off in July 1991 to produce manual transmissions and transfer cases , moving its headquarters to Nishio . Until 1996, Aisin AI only client was Toyota; then DaimlerChrysler and Isuzu began using its products. The company later began supplying products to other companies worldwide. Aisin AI

2387-406: The 1850s and 1860s than any other manufacturer. Wilson also invented the four-motion feed mechanism that is still used on every sewing machine today. This had a forward, down, back and up motion, which drew the cloth through in an even and smooth motion. Charles Miller patented the first machine to stitch buttonholes . Throughout the 1850s more and more companies were being formed, each trying to sue

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2464-476: The 20th century. Sewing machines continued being made to roughly the same design—with more lavish decoration—until well into the 1900s. The first electric machines were developed by Singer Sewing Co. and introduced in 1889. By the end of the First World War , Singer was offering hand, treadle and electric machines for sale. At first, the electric machines were standard machines with a motor strapped on

2541-731: The American branch of Hino have majority ownership of Aisin's North American operations. BluE Nexus is a joint venture company established by Aisin and Denso in April 2019 to build powertrain systems for electric vehicles . Both Aisin and Denso are members of the Toyota Group and the Toyota Motor Corporation has a 10% stake in the company. The main product from BluE Nexus is the e-Axle, which integrates an electric motor, gears and inverter. BluE Nexus will also market

2618-460: The Austrian tailor worked on the development of his machine until 1839, when he built a machine imitating the weaving process using the chain stitch. The first practical and widely used sewing machine was invented by Barthélemy Thimonnier , a French tailor, in 1829. His machine sewed straight seams using a chain stitch like Saint's model had, and in 1830, he signed a contract with Auguste Ferrand,

2695-466: The SsangYong Tivoli received top safety rating of Grade 1 (5 stars; 91.9 pts.) on a 2015 registration. Source: The rating for the SsangYong Tivoli was first published in 2016. At that time, autonomous emergency braking was sold as an option, as part of a safety pack, and Euro NCAP published two ratings: one with only standard equipment and another with the safety pack. Since February 2018,

2772-691: The automotive industry. Aisin is a Fortune Global 500 company, ranked 359 on the 2020 rankings. Aisin is a member of the Toyota Group of companies. Aisin was founded in 1965 and supplies engine , drivetrain , body and chassis , aftermarket , and other automotive parts for the Toyota Motor Corporation and other various major OEMs . In addition to automotive products, Aisin also offers life and amenity products (such as sewing machines and, from 1966 to 2020, mattresses ), cogeneration and heat exchange systems, and welfare products, among others. The company traces its origins to 1943, when Tokai Aviation Industries ( 東海航空工業 , Tōkai Kōkū Kōgyō )

2849-426: The basic motion of needles, loopers and bobbins , the material being sewn must move so that each cycle of needle motion involves a different part of the material. This motion is known as feed, and sewing machines have almost as many ways of feeding material as they do of forming stitches. For general categories, there are: drop feed, needle feed, walking foot, puller, and manual. Often, multiple types of feed are used on

2926-449: The basic sewing machine. Their action must be synchronized with the needle and feed action built into the machine to avoid damaging the machine. Pullers are also limited to straight seams, or very nearly so. Despite their additional cost and limitations, pulling feeds are very useful when making large heavy items like tents and vehicle covers. A manual feed is used primarily in freehand embroidery, quilting, and shoe repair. With manual feed,

3003-555: The benefits of the patent. Elias Howe, born in Spencer, Massachusetts, created his sewing machine in 1845, using a similar method to Fisher's except that the fabric was held vertically. An important improvement on his machine was to have the needle running away from the point, starting from the eye. After a lengthy stay in England trying to attract interest in his machine, he returned to America to find various people infringing his patent, among them Isaac Merritt Singer. He eventually won

3080-520: The company. Effective April 1, 2021, the combined company was officially renamed Aisin Corporation. Aisin AW was Aisin Seiki's subsidiary building automatic transmissions . It was originally established in 1969 as Aisin-Warner, a joint venture with BorgWarner . In 1981, BorgWarner reduced its equity in Aisin-Warner to 10%, and by 1987 had divested themselves of the remainder. Aisin-Warner

3157-535: The content of the safety pack - AEB City, AEB Inter-urban and AEB Pedestrian - has been made standard equipment and the rating has been changed to reflect this change. Euro NCAP test results for a LHD, 5-door hatchback variant with standard equipment on a 2016 registration: In 2015, the Tivoli selected as the Safe car of the year by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of South Korea. In 2016, The car

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3234-463: The device built by English inventor John Fisher in 1844, a little earlier than the very similar machines built by Isaac Merritt Singer in 1851, and the lesser known Elias Howe , in 1845. However, due to the botched filing of Fisher's patent at the Patent Office, he did not receive due recognition for the modern sewing machine in the legal disputations of priority with Singer, and Singer reaped

3311-412: The fabric easily glides in and out of the machine. Early sewing machines were powered by either constantly turning a flywheel handle or with a foot-operated treadle mechanism. Electrically-powered machines were later introduced. Industrial sewing machines, by contrast to domestic machines, are larger, faster, and more varied in their size, cost , appearance, and tasks. Charles Fredrick Wiesenthal ,

3388-444: The fabric is light enough that the seam does not need to be pressed open, and for protecting edges against raveling. Machines using two to four threads are most common, and frequently one machine can be configured for several varieties of overlock stitch. Overlock machines with five or more threads usually make both a chainstitch with one needle and one looper, and an overlock stitch with the remaining needles and loopers. This combination

3465-400: The feed dogs. Sewing machines use special needles tailored to their needs and to the character of the material being sewn. Modern sewing machines may be equipped with a needle guard. Needle guards are a safety measure that are used to help avoid injuries. Tension in a sewing machine refers to the pull of the thread between the needle and the bobbin. Sewing machines have tension discs and

3542-501: The foot out of contact with the material helps in the feeding action, and for sewing many layers together where a drop feed will cause the lower layers to shift out of position with the upper layers. Some factory machines and a few household machines are set up with an auxiliary puller feed , which grips the material being sewn (usually from behind the needles) and pulls it with a force and reliability usually not possible with other types of feed. Puller feeds are seldom built directly into

3619-700: The hybrid drive systems produced by Aisin AW. IMRA (Institut Minoru de Recherche Avancée) is a research organization founded in 1986 in Sophia Antipolis , France . It has three entities based in Europe, US, and Japan, which have become the key power of Aisin group to conduct R&D and offer technological consulting. The American division, IMRA America, was founded in 1990 in Ann Arbor , Michigan . IMRA mainly conducts research on biomedical, battery and produces femtosecond lasers . The company sponsors

3696-426: The invention of the first sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry . Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while using a single stitch type at a time. In a modern sewing machine, the process of stitching has been automated, so that

3773-403: The issuing of the patent. A model of the machine is exhibited in London at the Science Museum . The machine is made of wood and uses a barbed needle which passes downward through the cloth to grab the thread and pull it up to form a loop to be locked by the next loop. The first American lockstitch sewing machine was invented by Walter Hunt in 1832. His machine used a needle with the eye and

3850-605: The largest American manufacturers of overlock sewing machines and remains in the 21st century as the last American over-lock sewing machine manufacturer. In 1885 Singer patented the Singer Vibrating Shuttle sewing machine, which used Allen B. Wilson's idea for a vibrating shuttle and was a better lockstitcher than the oscillating shuttles of the time. Millions of the machines, perhaps the world's first really practical sewing machine for domestic use, were produced until finally superseded by rotary shuttle machines in

3927-481: The lifespan and increased complexity of the electronic parts, electronic sewing machines do not last as long as mechanical sewing machines, which can last over 100 years. Sewing machines can make a great variety of plain or patterned stitches. Ignoring strictly decorative aspects, over three dozen distinct stitch formations are formally recognized by the ISO 4915:1991 standard, involving one to seven separate threads to form

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4004-431: The material can form a top cover stitch simultaneously. The needle threads form parallel rows, while the looper threads cross back and forth all the needle rows. Coverstitch is so-called because the grid of crossing needle and looper threads covers raw seam edges, much as the overlock stitch does. It is widely used in garment construction, particularly for attaching trims and flat seaming where the raw edges can be finished in

4081-423: The material while the needle is in the material. In fact, the needle may be the primary feeding force. Some implementations of needle feed rock the axis of needle motion back and forth, while other implementations keep the axis vertical while moving it forward and back. In both cases, there is no feed action while the needle is out of the material. Needle feed is often used in conjunction with a modified drop feed, and

4158-581: The material, there is no feed action. Almost all household machines and the majority of industrial machines use drop feed. Differential feed is a variation of drop feed with two independent sets of dogs, one before and one after the needle. By changing their relative motions, these sets of dogs can be used to stretch or compress the material in the vicinity of the needle. This is extremely useful when sewing stretchy material, and overlock machines (heavily used for such materials) frequently have differential feed. A needle feed, used only in industrial machines, moves

4235-604: The others for patent infringement. This triggered a patent thicket known as the Sewing Machine War. In 1856, the Sewing Machine Combination was formed, consisting of Singer, Howe, Wheeler, Wilson, and Grover and Baker. These four companies pooled their patents, with the result that all other manufacturers had to obtain a license for $ 15 per machine. This lasted until 1877 when the last patent expired. James Edward Allen Gibbs (1829–1902),

4312-481: The point on the same end carrying the upper thread, and a falling shuttle carrying the lower thread. The curved needle moved through the fabric horizontally, leaving the loop as it withdrew. The shuttle passed through the loop, interlocking the thread. The feed was unreliable, requiring the machine to be stopped frequently and reset up. Hunt eventually lost interest in his machine and sold individual machines without bothering to patent his invention, and only patenting it at

4389-578: The rear wheels by 245 mm (9.6 in), increasing the rear storage space from 423 to 720 liters. The XLV is offered with all-wheel drive and a 1.6-liter diesel engine. The Tivoli equipped with seven airbags, including a driver knee-airbag. It also features smart safety driving system including Autonomous Emergency Brake System , (AEBS), Forward Collision Warning System (FCWS), Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS), Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS), High Beam Assist (HBA), and Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR). In Korean New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP)

4466-496: The same amount of clothing, reducing clothing prices significantly. As supply increased, prices also dropped. While many middle-class women enjoyed increased leisure during the Victorian era, working-class women faced intensifying demands, particularly in the clothing industry. The invention of the sewing machine, which revolutionized garment production, brought longer working hours for seamstresses, especially during peak times of

4543-402: The same machine. Besides these general categories, there are also uncommon feed mechanisms used in specific applications like edge joining fur, making seams on caps, and blind stitching. The drop feed mechanism is used by almost all household machines and involves a mechanism below the sewing surface of the machine. When the needle is withdrawn from the material being sewn, a set of " feed dogs "

4620-400: The same operation as forming the seam. A zigzag stitch is a variant geometry of the lockstitch. It is a back-and-forth stitch used where a straight stitch will not suffice, such as in preventing raveling of a fabric, in stitching stretchable fabrics, and in temporarily joining two work pieces edge-to-edge. When creating a zigzag stitch, the back-and-forth motion of the sewing machine's needle

4697-401: The same seam. Lockstitch is the familiar stitch performed by most household sewing machines and most industrial "single needle" sewing machines, using two threads, one passed through a needle and one coming from a bobbin or shuttle. Each thread stays on its own side of the material while being sewn, interlacing with the other thread at each needle hole by means of a bobbin driver . As a result,

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4774-632: The side, but as more homes gained power, they became more popular, and the motor was gradually introduced into the casing. Sewing machines were strictly mechanical, using gears, shafts, levers, and so on, until the 1970s when electronic machines were introduced to the market. Electronic sewing machines incorporate components such as circuit boards, computer chips, and additional motors for independent control of machine functions. These electronic components enabled new features such as automating thread cutters, needle positioning, and back-tacking, as well as digitized stitch patterns and stitch combinations. Because of

4851-409: The stitch length and direction is controlled entirely by the motion of the material being sewn. Frequently some form of hoop or stabilizing material is used with fabric to keep the material under proper tension and aid in moving it around. Most household machines can be set for manual feed by disengaging the drop feed dogs. Most industrial machines can not be used for manual feed without actually removing

4928-399: The stitch. Plain stitches fall into four general categories: chainstitch , lockstitch , overlock , and coverstitch . Chain stitch was used by early sewing machines and has two major drawbacks: A better stitch was found in the lockstitch. The chain stitch is still used today in clothing manufacture, though due to its major drawbacks, it is generally paired with an overlock stitch along

5005-524: The underside of the table. Domestic machines have their OEM motors mounted inside the machine. There are two different types of motor available for industrial machines: a servo motor (which uses less electricity and is silent when not in use), and the more traditional clutch motor (which is always spinning, even when not in use). A clutch motor is always running and making noises when it is connected to electricity. The constant operation ensures consistency and speed. The servo motor uses less electricity than

5082-453: The year when wealthy customers placed orders in preparation for "the Season”—the high point of the fashion season. Many women worked a minimum of eighteen hours, and sometimes up to twenty hours a day, particularly those employed by high-end London retailers. Despite the technological advancements, the industry’s seasonality left women with low wages during peak periods and no income for much of

5159-596: The year. Faced with such economic instability, some women turned to prostitution to survive. This moral and economic tension extended to broader societal concerns. A challenge working-class women in the textile industry often faced was the notion that factory work could lead to moral decline, fueling fears of widespread prostitution. This anxiety was reflected in literature of the time, with several novels depicting female characters who fell into prostitution after entering factory work. Often, these narratives attributed their downfall to spending wages on ‘finery’ or clothing, which

5236-571: Was also sponsored by Aisin, in 2018. HRE and Moffitt also won the CWTS championship that same year. Aisin AW also sponsored the team in the ARCA Menards Series . Sewing machine A sewing machine is a machine used to sew fabric and materials together with thread . Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies. Since

5313-823: Was chosen as the Family Car of the Year by VAB, the largest automobile association in Belgium , despite SsangYong being a relatively unknown brand selling only 619 cars in Belgium throughout 2014, representing a market share of 0.13%. In Dakar 2018 , Óscar Fuertes and co-driver Diego Vallejo entered rally with a Tivoli DKR . The car incorporates V8 engine with maximum power of 405 hp (302 kW; 411 PS) at 4200 rpm and maximum torque of 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft; 56 kg⋅m) at 4200 rpm. It can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 4.4 seconds and reaches

5390-689: Was consolidated into Aisin AW in 2019. Aisin constructed a factory in the United States in 1986, with production beginning in 1989. This factory in Seymour, Indiana has since been expanded and supplies components for Honda , General Motors , Mitsubishi , Nissan , and Toyota . Another factory was built in Marion, Illinois . On October 5, 2005, Aisin USA opened an 878-acre (3.55 km ) testing facility near Fowlerville, Michigan . The facility, which

5467-449: Was designed to aid in the manufacturing of various leather goods, including saddles and bridles , but it was also capable of working with canvas, and was used for sewing ship sails . Although his machine was very advanced for the era, the concept would need steady improvement over the coming decades before it was practical enough to enter into wide use. In 1874, a sewing machine manufacturer, William Newton Wilson, found Saint's drawings in

5544-424: Was forced to pay a lump sum for all machines already produced. Singer then took out a license under Howe's patent and paid him US$ 1.15 per machine before entering into a joint partnership with a lawyer named Edward Clark. They created the first hire-purchase arrangement to allow people to purchase their machines through payments over time. Meanwhile, Allen B. Wilson developed a shuttle that reciprocated in

5621-1031: Was founded as a joint venture between the Toyota Motor Corporation and Kawasaki Aircraft Industries to produce aircraft engines for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service . The company was quickly renamed Tokai Airplane Industries ( 東海飛行機工業 , Tōkai Hikōki Kōgyō ) after it was discovered that there was a pre-existing company with the same name. After the war , Tokai renamed itself Aichi Industries ( 愛 知工業 , Aichi Kōgyō ) , and shifted production from aircraft parts to sewing machines and automobile parts. In 1965, Aichi Kogyo merged with auto parts manufacturer Shinkawa Kogyo 新 川産業 to form Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. ( アイシン精機株式会社 , Aishin Seiki Kabushiki gaisha ) . In October 2019, Aisin Seiki announced that it would merge with subsidiary Aisin AW, consolidating management and renaming

5698-534: Was renamed Aisin AW in 1988, and merged with parent company Aisin Seiki in 2021. Aisin AW developed the Toyota Prius transmission and the world's first speaking navigation system. Additionally, its two-axis electric continuously variable transmission has been adapted to Prius models (except the Prius C ) from 2016 onward, the 1st-generation (2005–2007) and 2nd-generation (2008–2012) Ford Escape Hybrid, and

5775-832: Was renamed as the Jones Sewing Machine Co. Ltd and was later acquired by Brother Industries of Japan, in 1968. Clothing manufacturers were the first sewing machine customers, and used them to produce the first ready-to-wear clothing and shoes. In the 1860s consumers began purchasing them, and the machines—ranging in price from £6 to £15 in Britain depending on features—became very common in middle-class homes. Owners were much more likely to spend free time with their machines to make and mend clothing for their families than to visit friends, and women's magazines and household guides such as Mrs Beeton's offered dress patterns and instructions. A sewing machine could produce

5852-667: Was seen as fostering vanity and eventual vice. Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton (1848), set in Manchester, exemplifies these themes. From the 1840s to the 1920s, such questions about the relationship between the clothing women wore and the clothing they made generated moral panics. Works like Benjamin Disraeli's Sybil (1845), Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie (1900), Emile Zola's Au Bonheur des Dames (1883), and Honoré de Balzac's Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes (1847) similarly explored these themes. Adding to these discussions

5929-419: Was the influence of William Acton, a Parisian-trained British doctor who argued that one of the primary causes of prostitution was women’s excessive love of finery, or clothing. Acton suggested that this "vanity" drove women into prostitution, although historians debate whether he meant that women engaged in prostitution to buy fashionable clothing or that admiration for the attire worn by prostitutes led them into

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