Misplaced Pages

#189810

113-409: Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb ( Finland Swedish pronunciation: [ˈkɑi ˈjœːrɑn ɑlekˈsɑndær ˈstʉbː] , born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician serving as the 13th president of Finland , in office since 1 March 2024, having won the 2024 presidential election . He previously served as prime minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. Rising in politics as a researcher specialised in the affairs of

226-492: A functionalist " with regard to the EU. Stubb, for example, opposes eurobonds . He also insisted that he is no longer the "pure federalist" that he used to be when he was a researcher. Stubb has expressed his support for Turkey's EU membership in 2010. He warned that Brexit could pose a " Lehman Brothers moment " that could lead to the collapse of the EU. Stubb held early on that Finland should apply for membership of NATO . Stubb

339-717: A professional golfer after graduation, but studying with political scientist Brent Nelsen and other faculty caused him to quit golf after a year to focus on his studies. Stubb graduated with a BA degree in political science from Furman University in 1993. The following year he studied French and obtained a Diploma in French Language and Civilisation from the Sorbonne University , Paris, in 1994. Stubb speaks five languages: Swedish, Finnish, English, French, and German. In 1995, Stubb graduated with an MA degree in political science ( European affairs ) from

452-763: A Member of Parliament in 2017 to accept appointment as vice-president of the European Investment Bank . After his term at the European Investment Bank ended in January 2020, he was chosen as the director and professor of the School of Transnational Governance at the European University Institute . In August 2023, Stubb announced his decision to run in the 2024 Finnish presidential election. He finished first in

565-535: A farm on campus. The Furman Farm is a quarter-acre garden located beside the Cliffs Cottage and the Furman Lake. A wide variety of produce is grown throughout the year using sustainable agricultural practices such as crop rotations, composting, drip lines, natural fertilizers, and integrated pest management. Furman also has installed a 6-acre solar farm with a 743 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) array near

678-538: A force for good in geo-political relations, stating: "As I have said before, money is the best peace mediator" and "Money should be given the Nobel Peace Prize ". (As Prime Minister he would later change his stance after further escalation in Eastern Ukraine , describing EU's sanctions against Russia necessary.) Stubb stated that the sanctions against Russia will not be removed until Russia has met

791-536: A house that requires less energy and generates power. The campus also includes an Asian garden, the centerpiece of which is the Place of Peace , a Buddhist temple moved to the site from Japan. A replica of the cabin that Henry David Thoreau inhabited while writing On Walden Pond is located on the west side of the lake. Furman works to conserve, reduce, and recycle on campus, has constructed green buildings and provided students with alternative transportation. Furman has

904-627: A life sentence power was transferred to the Helsinki Court of Appeals, and the peculiar arrangement, where the president exercises judicial power, ended. The presidential power of giving pardon is, however, retained. Its use has diminished under president Sauli Niinistö, who exercised the power particularly sparingly. The president of the republic is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces , but may delegate this position to another Finnish citizen . Delegation of

1017-491: A measure of stability, given that it is all but impossible for one party to win an outright majority in Parliament. Upon the proposal of the prime minister, the president may, having consulted the parliamentary groups and while Parliament is in session, order the holding of premature parliamentary election. The new parliament is chosen for a normal four-year term. Parliament itself may decide when to end its session before

1130-606: A meeting of Prime Ministers of Northern Europe, in Startup Sauna in Aalto University campus. In March 2015, Stubb invited companies and officials to an event to discuss industrial Internet and Internet of Things. In the election held in April 2015, Stubb's National Coalition Party lost its status as the largest party, coming in as second in vote share and third in seats. Coalition negotiations began on 8 May between

1243-648: A member of the National Coalition Party. As that party was a member of the EPP, he sat in the European People's Party-European Democrats group. During this time he became one of the most well-known members of the Parliament. Stubb was a member of the Committee on Budgetary Control and a vice-president of the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection . He was a substitute member of

SECTION 10

#1732791367190

1356-571: A member of the alliance and the first during his presidency. Stubb is a proponent of deepening European integration . When he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2008, Stubb gave a speech in which he argued in favour of the EU taking an active role in international politics . He noted that while the EU is the world's largest economy, it is not a superpower but a regional soft power . When running for party leadership in 2014, he described himself as an "academic federalist ", although "in practice

1469-530: A more parliamentary system . The president still leads the nation's foreign politics in conjunction with the Government, and is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces . Officially, the current head of state of Finland is known as the president of the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavallan presidentti ; Swedish : republiken Finlands president ) or, more often, the president of

1582-557: A non-governmental organisation that works to prevent and resolve conflicts. His position was confirmed by the board on 29 November 2017. On 2 October 2018, Stubb launched his bid for presidency of the European Commission as the lead candidate of the European People's Party . On 8 November 2018, Stubb lost in EPP's Spitzenkandidat election against Manfred Weber , the group leader for the European People's Party in

1695-444: A number of important public speeches and statements each year. The most notable of these are the annual New Year's Speech on 1 January, and the speech at the opening of each annual session of parliament. From 2012 to 2013, the president received an annual salary of 160,000 euros. The salary and other benefits are exempt from all taxes. In 2013, the salary was cut to 126,000 euros on the initiative of Sauli Niinistö. As of 1 March 2024,

1808-546: A presidential decree. Decisions on war and peace are taken by the president with the assent of parliament. The president must sign and approve all bills adopted by Parliament before they become law. The president must decide on ratification within three months of receiving the bill and may request an opinion from the Supreme Court or the Supreme Administrative Court before giving assent. Should

1921-447: A provost, a dean of faculty, and nine other members. Furman offers majors and programs in 42 subjects. All students must complete general education requirements as part of the liberal arts curriculum. The general education requirements include mind and body wellness, textual analysis, two natural sciences, math/formal reasoning, two empirical studies of human behavior, history, ultimate question, foreign language, and world culture. Furman

2034-935: A researcher in Finland's representation in the European Union in Brussels, and a member of the Finnish government's delegation to the intergovernmental negotiations for the Treaty of Nice . In 2000, he became a lecturer at the College of Europe. Following the IGC's conclusion in 2001 he became an adviser to the President of the European Commission (then Romano Prodi ) and a member of the Commission Task Force on

2147-534: A slave at the house of James Furman. The task force issued 19 recommendations, which were unanimously accepted by Furman's board of trustees. James C. Furman Hall will be renamed Furman Hall, and a statue will be erected to honor Joseph Vaughn, "the first Black student to attend the school". Furman University's campus is located at the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the upstate region of South Carolina. Furman's campus has been named one of

2260-583: A state of defence by decree for a maximum of three months initially. If necessary, it can be extended for a maximum of one year at a time. A state of defence may also be declared in a region of the country. The decree must be submitted to parliament for approval. The president, as grand master, awards decorations and medals belonging to the Order of the White Rose of Finland , the Order of the Lion of Finland and

2373-420: A student literary magazine, in support of integration; school administrators destroyed all 1,500 printed copies. In 1953, Furman began construction on its new campus, five miles (8 km) north of downtown Greenville. Classes on the new campus began in 1958. By 1963, enough faculty were siding with the students over racial desegregation that Furman's board of trustees voted to admit Black students. Action on

SECTION 20

#1732791367190

2486-671: A time, an elected king, although the latter renounced the throne: Both Svinhufvud and Mannerheim later served as president of Finland. Furman University Furman Academy and Theological Institution was established by the South Carolina Baptist Convention and incorporated in December 1825 in Edgefield . With 10 students, it held its first classes January 15, 1828; although another source says it opened in January 1827. Through 1850, average enrollment

2599-644: Is directly elected by universal suffrage for a term of six years. Since 1994, no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The president must be a natural-born Finnish citizen . The presidential office was established in the Constitution Act of 1919 . Under the Constitution of Finland , executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the president, with the latter possessing only residual powers. Only formally,

2712-442: Is elected. In the event of a tie, the election is resolved by lot. The Government confirms the outcome of the election and, if necessary, conducts the drawing of lots. The president assumes office on the first day of the month following the election (either 1 February or 1 March depending on whether there were one or two rounds). There have been several exceptional presidential elections. The first president, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg ,

2825-517: Is home to the Furman University Paladins basketball team since its opening on December 30, 1997. A Southern Living showcase home called Cliffs Cottage opened in 2008. The building is solar-powered using two panels, and features geothermal heating. Cliffs Cottage was the first sustainable showcase home for Southern Living magazine, which featured it in the article Our Most Innovative House Ever , detailing how to create

2938-407: Is necessary. Stubb believes that the most important political divide in modern politics is that between the supporters of globalisation (like himself) and opponents of globalisation . During his presidential campaign, he announced that his foreign and security policies would be consensual, and contingent upon existential circumstances. An active columnist, Stubb has stated that he has "always been of

3051-473: Is nominated, that candidate becomes president without an election. Otherwise, the first round of balloting takes place on the fourth Sunday of January in the election year. The elections are two-staged . If one of the candidates receives more than half of the votes cast, that candidate is elected president. If no candidate wins a majority in the first stage, the top two candidates rerun in the second stage two weeks later. The candidate who then receives more votes

3164-844: Is not divided into colleges, but includes centers and four institutes. Furman's four institutes are the Shi Institute for Sustainable Communities, the Richard W. Riley Institute, the Institute for the Advancement of Community Health, and the Hill Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Its most popular undergraduate majors, by 2021 graduates, were: Furman has produced 20 Truman Scholars , as well as several Rhodes scholars and recipients of Goldwater , Fulbright and National Science Foundation Awards . In 2023, Furman

3277-453: Is rooted in the non-creedal, free church Baptist tradition which has always valued particular religious commitments while insisting not only on the freedom of the individual to believe as he or she sees fit but also on respect for a diversity of religious perspectives, including the perspective of the non-religious person." In 2012, a new facility, named for alumni Sarah and Gordon Herring, was built for continuing education. The student center

3390-473: Is seen as a representative of the National Coalition Party's liberal wing. He has characterized himself as a liberal, as well as a moderate liberal. Stubb wants to bring about a "more positive way of doing politics". He believes everyone should be appreciated and respected even when there are disagreements. He supports same-sex marriage , and has been the patron of Helsinki's gay pride parade. He supports multiculturalism , and believes that increasing immigration

3503-479: Is the first person of overseas origin to become the First Lady of Finland . President of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavallan presidentti ; Swedish : republiken Finlands president ) is the head of state of Finland . The incumbent president is Alexander Stubb , since 1 March 2024. He was elected president for the first time in 2024 . The president

Alexander Stubb - Misplaced Pages Continue

3616-495: Is the relationship between Finland and neighboring Russia. This has always been a difficult issue for Finland, as it affects Finland's willingness to become a NATO member. The recent crisis in Ukraine as well as the dispute over free trade between Russia and Finland has made the issue thornier. Stubb supported the proposal to implement basic income experiments in the country. In November 2014, Stubb organized Northern Future Forum ,

3729-655: The College of Europe in Bruges , Belgium. He then went on to pursue a doctorate at the London School of Economics and Political Science under the supervision of William Wallace, Baron Wallace of Saltaire , obtaining his PhD degree in international politics in June 1999. Wallace later said: "LSE has had a number of extremely bright Finnish students in recent years – but Alex was one of the most outstanding." Stubb's thesis

3842-574: The Committee on Constitutional Affairs and the Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee (as of August 2007). In 2006, he wrote a report for the Parliament on the EU's interpretation costs, which was adopted by the Parliament. He called for greater awareness of the costs of translation, which he calculated as 511 million euros in 2005 for the Parliament, Commission and Council together. Despite

3955-685: The European Convention . In 2003 he returned to Finland's representation to the EU as a special expert and to the intergovernmental negotiations, this time for the European Constitution . When that ended in 2004, he stood for the National Coalition Party in the election to the European Parliament . Stubb served as an MEP for Finland from 2004 to 2008. He was elected in 2004 with 115,225 votes (the second highest number of votes in Finland for that election) as

4068-607: The European Parliament . In January 2020, as Stubb's term at the European Investment Bank was ending, he was chosen as the director and professor of the School of Transnational Governance-based within the European University Institute in Florence, Italy . He started in the position on 1 May 2020. Ahead of the Finnish presidential election in January 2024, Stubb was constantly among the names that were mentioned as

4181-672: The European Union , he was elected to the European Parliament in 2004 as a member of the National Coalition Party . In 2008, Stubb was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs . In 2011, he was elected to the Finnish Parliament for the first time as an MP with the second-highest vote count in the election. He was then appointed Minister for European Affairs and Trade in the Cabinet of Jyrki Katainen . When Katainen stepped down as Prime Minister and Chairman of

4294-400: The Finnish Government , echoing the royal curia regis . The session is customarily arranged once a week. There is quorum of five ministers and the chancellor of justice is present as well. In the session, the respective ministers present the topic and a proposal for decision. Based on the proposal, the president makes his decision. The president may depart from the proposal and may return

4407-631: The Government . From the declaration of Finland's independence on 6 December 1917 until the end of the Finnish Civil War in May 1918, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud was the head of state of White Finland in his capacity as chairman of the Senate . Between May 1918 and July 1919, Finland had two regents ( Finnish : valtionhoitaja , Swedish : stathållare , lit. Care-taker of State ) and, for

4520-421: The National Coalition Party 's presidential candidate. When asked about the topic, Stubb replied that he had promised to seriously consider candidacy if the party asks him to be their candidate. On 14 August 2023, the board of the National Coalition Party decided to formally request Stubb to be the presidential candidate. On 16 August 2023, Stubb announced that he would accept National Coalition Party's candidacy in

4633-466: The Order of the Cross of Liberty to Finnish and foreign citizens. Likewise, titles of honor are awarded by the president; these include, for example, "professor" and different "counsellor" titles. These titles are symbolic, carry no responsibilities and have a similar role as knighting in monarchies. The highest titles are valtioneuvos (statesman) and vuorineuvos (industrial). The president makes

Alexander Stubb - Misplaced Pages Continue

4746-502: The Swedish-speaking minority since Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim who ruled the country from 1944 to 1946 . The same day he was sworn in, King Carl XVI Gustaf invited Stubb to visit Sweden in April. On 7 March 2024, Stubb made his first foreign trip as Finland's new president to Nato's Nordic Response military exercise in northern Norway. In July, he attended the 2024 Washington summit , Finland's second NATO summit as

4859-513: The United States Court of Appeals . Board members also come from private companies Under the governance of the board of trustees, Furman is led by a President. Elizabeth Davis became Furman's president on July 1, 2014. She is the 12th president of the institution, or 16th when also counting interim presidents. As of 2023 eleven senior administrators manage academic and administrative departments. These administrators are composed of

4972-515: The Constitution and the laws of the Republic, and to the best of my ability promote the wellbeing of the people of Finland." The term of the president-elect begins at the moment the affirmation has been made (around 12:20 on the day of the inauguration). After the inauguration, the new president, accompanied by their predecessor, inspects the guard of honour outside Parliament House. The president exercises governmental powers "in council" with

5085-432: The Finnish authoritatives supported introduction of administrative registration. However, it was revealed that in reality only about 10 percent of them supported it. Stubb's term as Minister of Finance drew criticism due to his perceived insensitivity towards the effects of the spending cuts he introduced, which affected the Finnish welfare state and public education system. An instance of Stubb and Sipilä bumping fists after

5198-409: The Government are appointed and discharged by the president of the republic. After parliamentary elections or in any other situation where the government has resigned, the president, taking into account the result of consultations between the parliamentary groups and having heard the view of the speaker , submits a nominee for prime minister to Parliament. If confirmed by Parliament with a majority of

5311-428: The National Coalition Party in 2014, Stubb was elected as party chairman. He went on to form a five-party government coalition, and was officially appointed Prime Minister by President Sauli Niinistö on 24 June 2014. At the parliamentary election held in April 2015, Stubb's National Coalition Party lost its status as the largest party, coming in second in vote share and third in seats. After coalition negotiations between

5424-435: The National Coalition Party. Orpo soon announced that he would take Stubb's seat as the Minister of Finance. In return, he offered Stubb the role of Minister for European Affairs and Foreign Trade, but Stubb declined and decided to continue as a Member of Parliament. On 15 June 2017, Stubb was chosen as the vice-president of the European Investment Bank , after the previous representative from Finland Jan Vapaavuori had vacated

5537-460: The Parliament to choose a successor for the remainder of Mannerheim's term (until 1950), the latter having resigned. Then Prime Minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi was elected president by the Parliament. In 1973, special legislation extended President Urho Kekkonen 's term by four years until 1978, when he was re-elected regularly. The president-elect, accompanied by the Speaker of the Parliament and

5650-483: The Presidential Palace on 6 December is one of the key annual events in the presidential calendar. It originated as a celebration of Finland's national independence and pride, and although nowadays it is seen by some as a glorified social party, the reception is broadcast every year on Finnish television and has very high viewer ratings. The number of guests invited has varied from about 1,600 to 2,000. With

5763-600: The Prime Minister as host, because the Presidential Palace was being renovated. In 1974 it was cancelled on account of the death of President Kekkonen's wife only a few days prior to the reception. In 1981 it was held at Finlandia Hall after the Independence Day concert, with Deputy Prime Minister Eino Uusitalo as host, because President Kekkonen had resigned in October and Acting President Mauno Koivisto

SECTION 50

#1732791367190

5876-818: The Prime Minister. Jyrki Katainen , the Finnish Finance Minister and chairman of National Coalition Party, supported Stubb stating he was surprising, courageous and that he "puts a smile on one's face". As the Foreign Minister of Finland , Stubb was the Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe from 5 April 2008 to 31 December 2008. The Russo-Georgian War occurred during this period, and OSCE brokered an agreement to send military observers to

5989-400: The Republic ( tasavallan presidentti , republikens president ). This is in contrast to former presidents, who retain the title "President". Presidential candidates can be nominated by registered parties which have received at least one seat in the previous parliamentary elections. A candidate may also be nominated by 20,000 enfranchised citizens. Between 1919 and 1988, the president

6102-522: The STG channel on YouTube ( EUI School of Transnational Governance ). His book Alaston totuus ja muita kirjoituksia suomalaisista ja eurooppalaisista – The Naked Truth and Other Stories About Finns and Europeans ( ISBN   978-951-0-35175-8 ), a collection of his columns for the Finnair in-flight magazine Blue Wings , was published in a bilingual Finnish–English edition by WSOY in 2009. Stubb has received

6215-740: The Schwarzkopf Foundation prize. Source: In the early 1990s, after Stubb went to the United States to study, he met fellow student Kerstin Armstrong (née Reinhold). Stubb and Reinhold dating at university time for three years. Ultimately, the relationship between Stubb and Reinhold separated their thoughts on religion . Stubb is married to Suzanne Innes-Stubb , a British-Finnish lawyer who he met in College of Europe in Bruges. They have two children (born in 2001 and 2004). She

6328-444: The acting president. The parliament can override these rules by means of an emergency constitutional amendment passed by a majority of at least 5/6, and has done so on multiple occasions. If the chancellor of justice, the parliamentary ombudsman or the Government deem that the president is guilty of treason or high treason, or crimes against humanity , the matter shall be communicated to Parliament. If Parliament, by three-fourths of

6441-409: The appointment of the Government and the officers of the civil service . The Constitution was changed in 2000, to redistribute some of this power to Parliament and the Government. The Constitution specifies how the principles of parliamentarism are to be followed. Most significantly, the president can no longer nominate the prime minister or individual ministers independently. For example, this power

6554-547: The appointment. Nevertheless, presidents have used these powers publicly, even against the internal recommendation of the agency. In addition, the president appoints or gives commission to: The president conducts Finland's foreign policy in co-operation with the Finnish Government. The provisions of treaties and other international obligations that affect domestic legislation are implemented by acts of parliament. Otherwise, international obligations are implemented by

6667-530: The area. In January 2011, Stubb and EU Foreign Commissioner Catherine Ashton worked together to help hundreds of beaten and imprisoned opposition activists in Belarus . During the 2011 Egyptian revolution , Stubb expressed hope that power in Egypt would be transferred to a democratically elected government as fast as possible and without violence. In 2011, Stubb stood for election to the Finnish Parliament for

6780-729: The campus entrance. The university hopes to achieve carbon neutrality by 2026. The Princeton Review featured Furman in its 2023 list of 455 Green Colleges; it received a green rating of 90, within a possible range of 60-99 . In. 2015, the Sierra Club included Furman in its list of the top 50 eco-friendly universities in America. Furman received a grade of "A−" from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card in 2011 along with 52 other institutions. Furman takes part in

6893-400: The costs and the need for some changes, he underlined that multilingualism is one of the EU's main assets. Stubb was vice-president of European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights . On 1 April 2008, Stubb's 40th birthday, the Finnish government announced that Stubb would be appointed its new Minister for Foreign Affairs following a scandal surrounding his predecessor, Ilkka Kanerva . Stubb

SECTION 60

#1732791367190

7006-410: The downtown Greenville campus was transported to the current campus, where it still stands. In 1933, students from the Greenville Women's College began attending classes with Furman students. Shortly thereafter, the two schools merged to form the present institution. In 1924, Furman was named one of four collegiate beneficiaries of the Duke Endowment . Through 2007, Furman has received $ 110 million from

7119-437: The election day. From 1919 to 1991 the president's power to order a premature election was unqualified and he could do so whenever considered necessary. Presidents have ordered premature parliamentary elections on seven occasions. The president declares each annual session of parliament open and closes the last Annual Session. This is done in a speech at each opening and closing ceremony. The prime minister and other members of

7232-400: The end of a conference that announced a deal between Finnish trade unions and the Confederation of Finnish Industries was interpreted as a sign of mockery towards the trade unions. In November and December 2015, Stubb was in the middle of a scandal when he was accused of lying to the Finnish Parliament consistently and deliberately. In November, Stubb had said to Parliament that 90 percent of

7345-601: The endowment, which is now one of the nation's largest philanthropic foundations. Three other colleges— Duke , Davidson and Johnson C. Smith —also receive annual support and special grants from the endowment. In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education found the "separate but equal" policy to be unconstitutional , starting the lengthy process of desegregating public schools. As of that date, Furman, like most Southern colleges, did not accept African Americans as students. Some Furman students began to press for change. In 1955, some students wrote short stories and poems in The Echo ,

7458-523: The exception of ambassadors to Finland, only Finnish citizens are invited. The history of the Independence Day reception stretches back to 1919, when the first afternoon reception was held at the Presidential Palace . In 1922, President Ståhlberg hosted the first evening reception at the palace, with the reception beginning at nine o' clock. Guests included the Government, diplomats, Members of Parliament, high-ranking officers, senior civil servants, artists and other prominent people. Music and dancing were on

7571-399: The experts who had given a statement were supporting the government's pact to make it possible for Finns to own publicly listed companies' stock through nominee accounts. The real number was 10 percent, opposite of what Stubb had said. Chancellor of Justice Jaakko Jonkka received multiple complaints over Stubb. In his reply, Jonkka stated that Stubb's mistake in numbers was not deliberate, but

7684-403: The first deaf person to sign a recording contract with an international record company – worked together to organize Silent Shout event to support sign language speakers. Stubb and Signmark also later collaborated for bringing attention to disabled people in international forums. Stubb does not believe the President of Finland needs to attend meetings of the European Council in addition to

7797-421: The first round of voting on 28 January and won the run-off on 11 February, winning 51.6% of the votes against Pekka Haavisto . Stubb is the second Finland-Swedish president in the history of Finland after C. G. E. Mannerheim , and the first to be elected. Stubb was born in Helsinki into a bilingual family; his father, Göran Stubb , was a native Swedish-speaker and his mother, Christel Stubb ( née Setälä),

7910-408: The first time and was elected MP. He was the second-most-popular candidate in the election , in which the National Coalition Party became the largest party. In the government negotiations the Foreign Affairs ministerial portfolio went to the Social Democrats . Stubb became Minister for Europe and Foreign Trade in Jyrki Katainen's cabinet. During Euromaidan , Stubb argued that money should be used as

8023-490: The guests individually in the State Hall at the beginning of the evening. Later on there is dancing, music provided by the Guards Band, and a traditional buffet. After Finland's independence and the Civil War in Finland the matter of whether Finland should be a republic or a constitutional monarchy was much debated (see Frederick Charles of Hesse ), and the outcome was a compromise: a rather monarchy-like, strong presidency with great powers over Finland's foreign affairs ,

8136-612: The limits of traditional diplomacy and emphasised the added value that capacities beyond those available to high-level decision-makers could have. At the same time, the idea of a European Institute of Peace gained increasing attention among members of the European Parliament (MEP) and was particularly supported by German MEP Franziska Brantner and French MEP Alain Lamassoure . The institute was founded in 2014. Stubb brought attention to issues of disabled people . In 2010 Stubb and Finnish sign language rapper Signmark – who had become

8249-562: The minister of defence. Under the Preparedness Act, in exceptional circumstances the president may issue a decree authorising the government to exercise emergency powers for up to one year at a time. The decree must be submitted to Parliament for its approval. Should the powers available under the Preparedness Act prove inadequate in an emergency, additional powers can be assumed under the State of Defence Act. The president may declare

8362-420: The most beautiful campuses in the nation. In 2016, USA Today named Furman's campus as the 4th most beautiful campus out of 10. Times Higher Education named it ninth out of the ten most beautiful campuses in the nation in 2017. In 2019, Travel + Leisure listed Furman as 23rd out of 25 of the most beautiful college campuses in the United States. Timmons Arena is a 4,000-seat multi-purpose arena . It

8475-528: The opinion that matters must be discussed openly and honestly". Since his professorship at the College of Europe, Stubb has published 16 books, dozens of academic articles, and hundreds of columns. In 2016, Stubb started to write columns for the Financial Times . Stubb maintains a blog. He is also one of the most active Twitter users among European leaders. He has co-authored an e-book in Finnish about what to do on Twitter. Stubb regularly contributes to

8588-623: The outgoing president, assumes office on the first day of the month following the election by making a solemn affirmation in both Finnish and Swedish at a ceremony in Parliament House . The affirmation is specified in Section 56 of the Constitution, and in English reads "I, [N. N.], elected by the people of Finland as the President of the Republic, hereby affirm that in my presidential duties I shall sincerely and conscientiously observe

8701-585: The position of commander-in-chief is an exception to the principle that the president cannot delegate functions to others. The last time this has occurred was in the Second World War (to Field Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim ). The president commissions officers and decides on the mobilisation of the Defence Forces. If Parliament is not in session when a decision to mobilise is taken, it must be immediately convened. As commander-in-chief,

8814-406: The power of pardon from any imprisonment, fine, or forfeiture. General pardon requires an act of parliament. The power of pardon has effectively become the instrument to limit life imprisonment to 12 years or more, since successive presidents have eventually given pardon to all felons. The president, however, retains the power to deny pardon. In autumn 2006, the regular paroling of convicts serving

8927-414: The president ranks first in the protocol , before the speaker of the parliament and the prime minister of Finland . Finland has, for most of its independence , had a semi-presidential system in which the president had much authority and power over both foreign and domestic policy, but constitutional amendments adopted in 1991, 2000 and 2012 reduced the president's powers and moved the country towards

9040-436: The president also discharges functions assigned to the president in other laws. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the president and the Government , which must enjoy the confidence of parliament. This principle is reflected in other provisions of the constitution concerning the president's functions and powers dealing with legislation, decrees, and appointment of public officials. Custom dictates that

9153-425: The president has the power to issue military orders concerning general guidelines for military defence, significant changes in military preparedness and the principles according to which military defence is implemented. Decisions concerning military orders are made by the president in conjunction with the prime minister , and the minister of defence . The president decides on military appointments in conjunction with

9266-401: The president refuse assent or fail to decide on the matter in time, Parliament reconsiders the bill and can readopt it with a majority of votes cast. The bill will then enter into force without ratification. If Parliament fails to readopt the bill, it is deemed to have lapsed. Presidential vetoes are generally successful in preventing a bill from becoming law. In single cases, the president has

9379-492: The president renounces any party affiliation while serving, to remain above day-to-day politics. The president was originally vested with fairly broad executive power, particularly in the realm of foreign policy. Constitutional amendments enacted in 1999 reduced the president's powers somewhat, and the president now shares executive authority with the Prime Minister . Nevertheless, presidents are still seen as providing

9492-400: The president's incapacity ceases. If the president dies in office or if the Government declares that the president is permanently unable to carry out the duties of office, a new election is triggered to determine a successor. If the president, the prime minister, and the deputy prime minister are all temporarily unavailable, the most senior minister of the government, in years of service, becomes

9605-421: The presidential election. With 27.21% of the total vote count, Stubb gained the most votes in the first round of voting and faced the former Minister for Foreign Affairs Pekka Haavisto in the second round. Stubb won the second round with 51.4% of the votes. Stubb succeeded Sauli Niinistö as President of Finland on 1 March 2024 when he was sworn in before Finland's parliament. Stubb is the first President from

9718-425: The programme and the reception lasted until late night. Similar receptions have been held ever since, though less regularly in the beginning. Since 1946 the Independence Day reception has taken place at the Presidential Palace every year with six exceptions. In 1952 it was cancelled on account of President Paasikivi's illness. In 1972 it was held at Finlandia Hall in connection with the Independence Day concert, with

9831-512: The proposal to the Government for reconsideration. There is no voting and normally there are no speeches aside from the aforementioned proposals. Except for approvals of new laws and appointments, the Government may present the issue to the Parliament , which will make the final decision on the matter on the Government's proposal. The president's functions and powers are directly defined in the Constitution. In addition to those specified there,

9944-420: The requirements set by the EU. When Jyrki Katainen stepped down as Prime Minister and Chairman of the National Coalition Party, Stubb was elected as party chairman in June 2014 over his two rivals, Paula Risikko and Jan Vapaavuori . He formed a five party government coalition, and was officially appointed Prime Minister by President Sauli Niinistö on 24 June. One of the challenges the new Prime Minister faced

10057-604: The role of media in conflict resolution . In October 2010, Stubb visited the Middle East and discussed the Middle Eastern conflict with U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton . In 2010, Stubb and Sweden's Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt proposed the European Institute of Peace . They developed a joint non-paper that was addressed to EU High Representative Catherine Ashton . They referred to

10170-438: The salary was restored to its previous amount of 160,000 euros. In addition to the salary the president is entitled to an apartment as well as necessary staff. Any president who serves for six years or longer is entitled to a full pension at "sixty percent of the currently valid remuneration of the president of the republic" as well as living arrangements. The president's salary and housing benefits are tax-free. The president has

10283-481: The school's history." The task force is a response to the article, "Slavery, Memory and Reconciliation: What is the Furman Legacy?", published in October 2016 in the university newspaper, pointing out that Richard Furman , the university's namesake, and even more so his son James Clement Furman, Furman's first president, were slave owners and active defenders of slavery. "Abraham" is a reference to Abraham Sims,

10396-508: The seat. He left his duties in the Parliament on 30 July 2017 in order to assume his new position. Stubb later commented that he had no interest in returning to the Finnish politics, but could be interested in running for the presidency of the European Commission or European Council . In June 2017, Stubb was nominated by former President Martti Ahtisaari to assume the leadership of the Crisis Management Initiative ,

10509-492: The trustees' decision was postponed and it was later overturned by South Carolina's Baptist Convention ; desegregated admission was not implemented at Furman until its incoming president, Gordon W. Blackwell , a past president of Florida State University , made it a condition of his acceptance of the new position. In 1965, Joe Vaughn was the first black undergraduate to enroll. In 1992, the South Carolina Baptist Convention ended its affiliation with Furman. Furman's "heritage

10622-595: The use of three properties for residential and hospitality purposes: the Presidential Palace and Mäntyniemi , both in Helsinki , and Kultaranta in Naantali on the west coast near Turku . The president of Finland does not have a vice president . If the president is temporarily prevented from performing his or her duties, the prime minister or the deputy prime minister serves as acting president until

10735-627: The voluntary self-reporting Sustainability Tracking Assessment Ratings System (STARS), in which it received a gold rating in 2021. Leadership and guidance to the university is provided by a board of trustees, whose 36 members meet at least three times per academic year and are elected for three-year terms. Former board members may be designated as 'Trustees Emeriti'. These include former Governor and U.S. secretary of education Richard Riley . As of 2023 , current board members include David Trone , U.S. representative for Maryland's 6th congressional district , and William Byrd Traxler Jr. , Senior Judge of

10848-685: The votes cast, decides that charges are to be brought, the Prosecutor-General prosecutes the president in the High Court of Impeachment and the president abstains from office for the duration of the proceedings. There is, however, no mechanism laid out in the Constitution or other laws for removing a president from office. The traditional Independence Day Reception (in Finnish: Linnanjuhlat , "the Castle Ball ") at

10961-423: The votes cast, the president then proceeds to appoint the prime minister and other ministers. The president is constitutionally required to dismiss a government or any minister as soon as that government has lost the confidence of Parliament. The president appoints: Most of the appointment process is conducted at the respective ministry: The Office of the President does not process preparations or presentations of

11074-490: The winning Center Party, Finns Party and National Coalition Party. He resigned from the office days after the election and left office on 29 May 2015. Stubb was appointed Minister of Finance on 29 May 2015 by newly elected Prime Minister Juha Sipilä . Stubb demanded "structural reforms, structural reforms and more structural reforms". In November 2015, Stubb said at the Finnish Parliament that about 90 percent of

11187-464: The winning Centre Party, Finns Party and National Coalition Party, Stubb was appointed Minister of Finance on 29 May 2015 by newly elected Prime Minister Juha Sipilä . In 2016, Stubb's leadership was challenged from within the party by MP Elina Lepomäki and Interior Minister Petteri Orpo . On 11 June, Stubb lost the leadership to Orpo at the party conference. Resigning as Finance Minister, and declining further ministerial positions, Stubb resigned as

11300-671: Was 10 students, and it was at constant risk of insolvency. From 1829 to 1834, it operated in the High Hills of the Santee (now Stateburg, South Carolina ). Furman closed from 1834 to 1837. When the school reopened, at the urging of the Reverend Jonathan Davis, chairman of the Board of Agents, the school moved to his native Fairfield County , near Winnsboro . In 1850, the state legislature chartered Furman University. It

11413-873: Was a native Finnish speaker. Stubb spoke both languages at home. His father worked in the business of professional ice hockey ; he was the CEO of the Finnish Ice Hockey Association from 1976 to 1983, and also worked as the NHL Director of Euro Scouting . Through his mother, he is descended from the Setälä family, and his maternal grandfather was professor Kai Setälä . Stubb spent his childhood in Lehtisaari, Helsinki . He played ice hockey in HIFK until his teen years. He started playing golf when he

11526-662: Was called Flexible Integration and the Amsterdam Treaty: negotiating differentiation in the 1996–97 IGC and it dealt with the 1996–97 Intergovernmental Conference of the European Union. Between 1995 and 1997, Stubb was a researcher at the Finnish Foreign Office, and then at the Academy of Finland from 1997 to 1999. In 1997 he began to work also as a columnist. From 1999 to 2001, Stubb was

11639-537: Was campaigning for the presidency. In 2013, the reception was held at the Tampere Hall in central Tampere , because the Presidential Palace in Helsinki was undergoing repairs at the time. This was the first time during the era of independence that the reception was held outside Helsinki. In 2020, the reception was cancelled because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic . The president and president's spouse greet

11752-572: Was chosen by the Finnish parliament due to the transition rule of the constitution and also due to the martial law . In 1940 and 1943, the 1937 electoral college chose the president, as it was felt that a popular election could not be arranged due to the martial law (1940) and the Continuation War (1943). In 1944 special legislation directly stipulated that Marshal Mannerheim be elected president for six years after Risto Ryti had resigned mid-term. In 1946, special legislation empowered

11865-424: Was elected indirectly by an electoral college made up of electors chosen by voters in the presidential election. In the 1988 presidential election, a direct and an indirect election were conducted in parallel: if no candidate could gain a majority, the president was elected by an electoral college formed in the same elections. Since 1994, the president has been elected by a direct popular vote. If only one candidate

11978-473: Was expanded and renovated in 2012. David Trone , a Furman alumnus, together with his wife June, participated through a $ 3.5 million gift resulting in the center being named the Trone Student Center. In October 2018, a Task Force on Slavery and Justice, set up by Provost George Shields, issued a report, Seeking Abraham , making recommendations "to acknowledge the role slavery and racism had in

12091-605: Was not until 1851 that South Carolina Baptists were able to raise the necessary funds for the removal of the school to Greenville, South Carolina . The university closed from 1861 to 1866, when "most students and several faculty members enlisted in the Confederate forces." The Furman Institution Faculty Residence serves as a visible reminder of the early history of Furman University and its brief establishment in Fairfield County. The first school building from

12204-419: Was previously used to form governments where the party in plurality was excluded. Regarding the right to dissolve Parliament, consultation with the prime minister and heads of parliamentary groups was made mandatory before Parliament could be dissolved and new elections ordered. Furthermore, some appointing powers, such as appointment of provincial governors and department heads at ministries, were transferred to

12317-737: Was ranked 21st in a list of 25 colleges and universities in the South by Forbes . Furman ranked 23rd among all liberal arts colleges in number of graduates who went on to receive PhDs from 1990 to 1995. Furman ranked 76th among all universities in the nation of graduates that went on to receive PhDs from 2008 to 2017. Furman competes in NCAA Division I athletics, and at the FCS (Football Championship Subdivision) level in football. Furman fields seven men's teams and nine women's teams, as well as 16 club sports and many intramural teams. The university

12430-478: Was ranked 46th out of 185 in U.S. News & World Report's 2023 National Liberal Arts Colleges rankings As of 2023, Furman is also featured in The Princeton Review 's "Best 378 Colleges" list and was named as one of 143 "Best Southeastern Colleges" The Princeton Review also ranked Furman in 5th place on its list of universities committed to national service in 2016. In 2019, Furman University

12543-409: Was rather an unfortunate, whilst understandable, result of a fast-paced discussion over a policy draft. Partly as a result of a series of Stubb's gaffes, such as insensitive tweets, in spring 2016, MP Elina Lepomäki and Minister of Interior Petteri Orpo announced that they would challenge Stubb in June's party conference. On 11 June, Stubb lost the election against Orpo, who became the new leader of

12656-488: Was sworn in on 4 April. The decision to appoint him was unanimous and his seat in the European Parliament was taken up by Sirpa Pietikäinen , a former environment minister. On his appointment, Stubb was described as a competent politician and a supporter of Finland's accession to NATO, stating that he does not understand Finland's non-alignment policy . In July 2010, Stubb invited the head of Al-Jazeera Wadah Khanfar and former President Martti Ahtisaari to discuss about

12769-639: Was twelve years old and during high school played in the Finnish national golf team. In 1986, Stubb graduated from Mainland High School in Daytona Beach , Florida , U.S., and, two years later, graduated from the Gymnasiet Lärkan in Helsinki, then completed his military service. Stubb won a golf scholarship to Furman University in South Carolina , United States. He was a member of the Finnish national golf team and intended to become

#189810