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65-643: The National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts ( NCAFC ) or Student Left Network is a membership-based organisation of activist students and education workers campaigning against tuition fees , education cuts and privatisation in the United Kingdom . National student campaigns for free education in the UK have always existed; the first organised group was the Campaign for Free Education (CFE), founded in 1995 in opposition to proposals by Labour Students for

130-478: A protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos . His suicide greatly embarrassed the junta, and caused a sensation in Greece and abroad as it was the first tangible manifestation of the depth of resistance against the junta. The junta delayed the arrival of his remains to Corfu for four months citing security reasons and fearing demonstrations while presenting bureaucratic obstacles through

195-668: A 'hard left' face inside NUS in comparison to many of the other left-wing candidates, were not elected into full-time roles. However, NCAFC's candidate for Vice President (Welfare), Shelly Asquith, was elected, and Beth Redmond and Hannah Webb were elected to the NUS Block of 15, meaning the NCAFC have maintained a presence on the NUS National Executive Council as well as maintaining a strong presence in student unions and in autonomous areas of NUS. In November 2015

260-466: A University of Saskatchewan conference. While CUCND had focused on protest marches, SUPA sought to change Canadian society as a whole. The scope expanded to grass-roots politics in disadvantaged communities and 'consciousness raising' to radicalize and raise awareness of the 'generation gap' experienced by Canadian youth. SUPA was a decentralized organization, rooted in local university campuses. SUPA however disintegrated in late 1967 over debates concerning

325-520: A clash between police and protesters outside the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills when protesters attempted to storm the building. This was followed by what organisers claimed was a use of the controversial kettling containment tactic on Victoria Street, before thousands of students broke police lines and began an unscheduled demonstration through the Victoria area that continued into

390-679: A demonstration. The global reverberations from the French uprising of 1968 continued into 1969 and even into the 1970s. In 1815 in Jena ( Germany ) the "Urburschenschaft" was founded. That was a Studentenverbindung that was concentrated on national and democratic ideas. In 1817, inspired by liberal and patriotic ideas of a united Germany, student organisations gathered for the Wartburg festival at Wartburg Castle , at Eisenach in Thuringia , on

455-708: A key role in Suharto's 1998 fall by initiating large demonstrations that gave voice to widespread popular discontent with the president in the aftermath of the May 1998 riots . High school and university students in Jakarta , Yogyakarta , Medan , and elsewhere were some of the first groups willing to speak out publicly against the military government. Student groups were a key part of the political scene during this period. Upon taking office after Suharto stepped down, B. J. Habibie made numerous mostly unsuccessful overtures to placate

520-533: A long pedigree. In Joseon Dynasty Korea, 150 Sungkyunkwan students staged an unprecedented demonstration against the king in 1519 over the Kimyo purge . In Argentina , as elsewhere in Latin America , the tradition of student activism dates back to at least the 19th century, but it was not until after 1900 that it became a major political force. In 1918 student activism triggered a general modernization of

585-552: A major protest against the occupation. Student-dominated youth movements have also played a central role in the " color revolutions " seen in post-communist societies in recent years. Of the color revolutions, the Velvet Revolution of 1989 in the Czechoslovak capital of Prague was one of them. Though the Velvet Revolution began as a celebration of International Students' Day , the single event quickly turned into

650-421: A nationwide ordeal aimed at the dissolution of communism. The demonstration had turned violent when police intervened. However, the police attacks garnered nationwide sympathy for the student protesters. Soon enough multiple other protests unraveled in an effort to breakdown the one party communist regime of Czechoslovakia. The series of protests were successful; they broke down the communist regime and implemented

715-686: A proposal in 2010 by UCL Free Education Society to establish NCAFC, ENS was folded into a newly established the National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts (NCAFC). The organisation was founded at a convention at University College London in February 2010 on a platform of campaigning for "free, fair and funded public education for all", paid for through the taxation of the rich and big business. NCAFC also has semi-autonomous campaigns in Scotland and Wales. The organisation played

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780-465: A role in the 2010 UK student protests , calling several days of action following the National Union of Students organised demonstration on 10 November. It was estimated that up to 130,000 students took part in the 24 November 2010 day of action across the UK. The organisation also undertakes research into education funding. In 2011 NCAFC organised a march through central London , supported by

845-499: Is mostly devolved. Reserved and excepted matters are outlined below. Scotland Reserved matters: The Scottish Government Economy and Education Directorates handle devolved economic and further and higher education policy respectively. Northern Ireland Reserved matters: Excepted matter: The department's main counterparts are: Wales Under the Welsh devolution settlement, specific policy areas are transferred to

910-622: Is regarded as an essential step of the democratic revolution in China, and it had also given birth to Chinese Communism. During the 1927–1937 Nanjing decade , student activism played an outsized role. While nationalist Anti-American movements led by some students and intellectuals during the Chinese Civil War were instrumental in winning enough support for the CCP in urban areas to prevail, there remained lots of polarization on campuses in

975-519: The 1956 Hungarian Revolution was started by peaceful student demonstrations in the streets of Budapest , later attracting workers and other Hungarians. In Czechoslovakia , one of the most known faces of the protests following the Soviet -led invasion that ended the Prague Spring was Jan Palach , a student who committed suicide by setting fire to himself on January 16, 1969. The act triggered

1040-470: The Indian government to identify and expel illegal, (mostly Bangladeshi ), immigrants and protect and provide constitutional, legislative and administrative safeguards to the indigenous Assamese people . The Jadavpur University of Kolkata have played an important role to contribute to the student activism of India. The Hokkolorob Movement (2014) stirred many around the world. It took place after

1105-761: The Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains unresolved, it continues to be a key issue driving student activism in Canada. From 2011 to 2013, Chile was rocked by a series of student-led nationwide protests across Chile , demanding a new framework for education in the country , including more direct state participation in secondary education and an end to the existence of profit in higher education. Currently in Chile, only 45% of high school students study in traditional public schools and most universities are also private. No new public universities have been built since

1170-475: The NUS to abandon its opposition to the abolition of student grants. CFE was disbanded in 2004 by NUS President Kat Fletcher , and took a year re-emerge as Education Not For Sale which was founded by left-wing anti-capitalist students. In 2009 ENS jointly organised (with Socialist Students and Socialist Workers' Student Society ) the first student demonstration for free education in 5 years but with low turnout and

1235-556: The National Union of Students and the University and College Union , in opposition to the government's Higher Education White Paper. As many as 15,000 students took part, with the Metropolitan Police pre-authorising the use of plastic bullets in the light of the violence after the previous year's protest against student fees. BBC reporter Mike Sergeant described the policing on the day as "quite extraordinary... It's

1300-636: The October Crisis . This was the only peacetime use of the War Measures Act. Since the 1970s, PIRGs ( Public Interest Research Groups ) have been created as a result of Student Union referendums across Canada in individual provinces. Like their American counterparts, Canadian PIRGs are student directed, run, and funded. Most operate on a consensus decision making model. Despite efforts at collaboration, Canadian PIRGs are independent of each other. Anti-Bullying Day (a.k.a. Pink Shirt Day)

1365-621: The Pro-Beijing camp would not have opportunities to be nominated. The Hong Kong Federation of Students and Scholarism led a strike against the NPCSC's decision beginning on 22 September 2014, and started protesting outside the government headquarters on 26 September 2014. On 28 September, the Occupy Central with Love and Peace movement announced that the beginning of their civil disobedience campaign. Students and other members of

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1430-820: The Rose Revolution , and PORA in Ukraine , which was key in organising the demonstrations that led to the Orange Revolution . Like Otpor, these organisations have consequently practiced non-violent resistance and used ridiculing humor in opposing authoritarian leaders. Similar movements include KelKel in Kyrgyzstan , Zubr in Belarus and MJAFT! in Albania . Student movements in Ethiopia in

1495-519: The União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) was formed as a platform for students to create change in Brazil. The organization tried to unite students from all over Brazil. However, in the 1940s the group had aligned more with socialism. Then in the 1950s the group changed alignment again, this time aligning with more conservative values. The União Metropolitana dos Estudantes rose up in replacement of

1560-554: The 20th century, the major campus organizing group across Australia was the Australian Union of Students , which was founded in 1937 as the Union of Australian University Students. The AUS folded in 1984. It was replaced by the National Union of Students in 1987. Student politics of Bangladesh is reactive, confrontational and violent. Student organizations act as the armament of the political parties they are part of. Over

1625-614: The 300th anniversary of Martin Luther's 95 theses . In May 1832 the Hambacher Fest was celebrated at Hambach Castle near Neustadt an der Weinstraße with about 30,000 participants, amongst them many students. Together with the Frankfurter Wachensturm in 1833 planned to free students held in prison at Frankfurt and Georg Büchner 's revolutionary pamphlet Der Hessische Landbote that were events that led to

1690-543: The Greek consulate and the junta government. Hong Kong Student activist group Scholarism began an occupation of the Hong Kong government headquarters on 30 August 2012. The goal of the protest was, expressly, to force the government to retract its plans to introduce Moral and National Education as a compulsory subject. On 1 September, an open concert was held as part of the protest, with an attendance of 40,000. At last,

1755-653: The Labour Party Conference in Birmingham in protest at the party's stance on Higher Education funding. Despite significant gains for left wing candidates at the 2015 National Union of Students conference, candidates standing on the National Campaign Against Fees Cuts slate saw limited success. NCAFC's candidates for president, Beth Redmond, and Vice President Higher Education, Hattie Craig, widely regarded as presenting

1820-459: The NCAFC organised another national student demonstration in London under the slogan: "No Borders, No Barriers, No Business". The demonstration aimed to connect the fight against cuts to maintenance grants affecting the million poorest students and issues of migration and the refugee crisis. Organisers claimed 10,000 students from across the country joined the protest. The demonstration was marked by

1885-475: The Youth Pledge ( Sumpah Pemuda ) helped to give voice to anti-colonial sentiments. During the political turmoil of the 1960s, right-wing student groups staged demonstrations calling for then-President Sukarno to eliminate alleged Communists from his government, and later demanding that he resign. Sukarno did step down in 1967, and was replaced by Army general Suharto . Student groups also played

1950-578: The administration. In protest of the closure and the expulsion of Nanterre students, students of the Sorbonne in Paris began their own demonstration. The situation escalated into a nationwide insurrection . The events in Paris were followed by student protests throughout the world. The German student movement participated in major demonstrations against proposed emergency legislation . In many countries,

2015-404: The alleged police attack over unarmed students inside the campus demanding the fair justice of a student who was molested inside the campus. The Movement finally led to the expulsion of the contemporary Vice Chancellor of the university, Mr. Abhijit Chakraborty, who allegedly ordered the police to do open lathicharge over the students. Some anti-social goons were also involved in the harassment of

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2080-583: The democratisation of society and opposing the Vietnam War , but also stressed more nationally specific issues such as coming to terms with the legacy of the Nazi regime and opposing the German Emergency Acts . Student activism in Greece has a long and intense history. Student activism in the 1960s was one of the reasons cited to justify the imposition of the dictatorship in 1967 . Following

2145-536: The demonstration, NCAFC organised two separate nationwide days of action for free education, on 3 December 2014 and 31 January 2015. The first gained wide publicity after accusations of police violence at a student occupation at the University of Warwick and the second saw students marching in Brighton, Sheffield and Norwich among other cities. These marches were followed by a demonstration co-ordinated by NCAFC at

2210-482: The dominant 'soft left' Liberation Left faction in NUS due to its position on NUS reforms and on Brexit , and instead campaigned for two left-wing candidates, and actively stood candidates against incumbent officers Zamzam Ibrahim and Eva Crossan-Jory. Student activism Modern student activist movements span all ages, races, socio-economic backgrounds, and political perspectives. Some student protests focus on

2275-528: The end of the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990, even though the number of university students has swelled. Beyond the specific demands regarding education, the protests reflected a "deep discontent" among some parts of society with Chile's high level of inequality . Protests have included massive non-violent marches, but also a considerable amount of violence on the part of a side of protestors as well as riot police. The first clear government response to

2340-570: The evening. 12 demonstrators were arrested over the course of the day. In 2018, the organisation relaunched itself as SLN , with a "Student Activist Weekender" in September and a formal rebrand in October. Campaigners spoke about the need to "unite students to campaign collectively against our universities and against the government". SLN held its inaugural National Conference at the University of Sheffield in February 2019. It voted to break from

2405-722: The government de facto struck down the Moral and National Education. Student organizations made important roles during the Umbrella Movement . Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) made decisions on the Hong Kong political reform on 31 August 2014, which the Nominating Committee would tightly control the nomination of the Chief Executive candidate, candidates outside

2470-667: The imposition of the dictatorship, the Athens Polytechnic uprising in 1973 triggered a series of events that led to the abrupt end of the regime's attempted "liberalisation" process under Spiros Markezinis , and, after that, to the eventual collapse of the Greek junta during Metapolitefsi and the return of democracy in Greece. Kostas Georgakis was a Greek student of geology , who, in the early hours of 19 September 1970, set himself ablaze in Matteotti square in Genoa as

2535-446: The internal affairs of an institution (like disinvestment ); others tackle wars or dictatorships . Student activism is most often associated with left-wing politics. Student activism at the university level is nearly as old as the university itself. Students in Paris and Bologna staged collective actions as early as the 13th century, chiefly over town and gown issues. Student protests over broader political issues also have

2600-600: The late 1940's with a wide range of views. Ironically, America's influence in post-war China, designed to prevent Soviet influence appears to have backfired for the United States as some Chinese students were sensitive to any overt foreign influence after the Japanese occupation. In 1989, the Tiananmen Square protests , led by students, inspired ended in a brutal government massacre of thousands, damaging

2665-401: The late 1960s, during the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie , included debates about the social sciences and social change and played a significant role in political opposition to Haile Selassie , which led to the 1974 Ethiopian Revolution . Student activism played a role in both socially progressive aspects of the revolution and in human rights violations. Student activism and their use of

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2730-541: The modern Chinese history. Fueled mostly by Chinese nationalism , Chinese student activism strongly believes that young people are responsible for China's future. This strong nationalistic belief has been able to manifest in several forms such as pro-democracy , anti-Americanism and pro-communism . In 1919, the May Fourth Movement saw over 3,000 students of Peking University and other schools gather together in front of Tiananmen and demonstrate. It

2795-717: The most tightly controlled march through London that I have ever seen". The government later withdrew the HE Bill. In 2014, NCAFC organised another major national demonstration for free education, this time in collaboration with the Student Assembly Against Austerity and the Young Greens . Organisers claimed that the demonstration saw 10,000 students march and that the event was the largest mobilisation of students in Britain since 2010. Following

2860-488: The once socialist UNE. However, it was not long until União Nacional dos Estudantes once again sided with socialism, thus joining forces with the União Metropolitana dos Estudantes. The União Nacional dos Estudantes was influential in the democratization of higher education. Their first significant feat occurred during World War II when they successfully pressured Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas to join

2925-522: The protests was a proposal for a new education fund and a cabinet shuffle which replaced Minister of Education Joaquín Lavín and was seen as not fundamentally addressing student movement concerns. Other government proposals were also rejected. Since the defeat of the Qing Dynasty during the First (1839–1842) and Second Opium Wars (1856–1860), student activism has played a significant role in

2990-455: The public demonstrated outside government headquarters, and some began to occupy several major city intersections. The Assam Movement (or Assam Agitation ) (1979–1985) was a popular movement against illegal immigrants in Assam . The movement, led by All Assam Students Union (AASU) and the 'All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad' (AAGSP), developed a program of protests and demonstration to compel

3055-543: The reputation of the Chinese Communist Party as it moved towards a more repressive approach to speech and dissent. Jan Palach and Jan Zajíc 's protests against the end of the Prague Spring used self-immolation. Student activism played an important, yet understudied, role in Congo's crisis of decolonisation. Throughout the 1960s, students denounced the unfinished decolonisation of higher education and

3120-434: The residential halls to manage seats in favor of their party members and loyal pupils. They eat and buy for free from the restaurants and shops nearby. They extort and grab tenders to earn illicit money. They take money from the freshmen candidates and put pressure on teachers to get an acceptance for them. They take money from the job seekers and put pressures on university administrations to appoint them. On August 11, 1937,

3185-801: The revolutions in the German states in 1848 . The White Rose society in Nazi Germany lasted from 1942–1943, during which students mailed anti-nazi leaflets around the country until the leaders were caught and executed. In the 1960s, the worldwide upswing in student and youth radicalism manifested itself through the German student movement and organisations such as the German Socialist Student Union . The movement in Germany shared many concerns of similar groups elsewhere, such as

3250-441: The role of working class and 'Old Left'. Members moved to the CYC or became active leaders in CUS (Canadian Union of Students), leading the CUS to assume the mantle of New Left student agitation. In 1968, SDU (Students for a Democratic University) was formed at McGill and Simon Fraser Universities. SFU SDU, originally former SUPA members and New Democratic Youth, absorbed members from the campus Liberal Club and Young Socialists. SDU

3315-413: The side of the Allies . In 1964, UNE was outlawed after elected leader João Goulart was disposed of power by a military coup . The military regime terrorized students in an effort to make them subservient. In 1966, students began protesting anyway despite the reality of further terror. All the protests led up to the March of the One Hundred Thousand in June 1968. Organized by the UNE, this protest

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3380-409: The social sciences played a role in the 1991 fall of the following government, the Derg , and in the implementation of the rule of Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front during the following three decades. In France , student activists have been influential in shaping public debate. In May 1968 the University of Paris at Nanterre was closed due to problems between the students and

3445-836: The student groups that had brought down his predecessor. When that failed, he sent a combined force of police and gangsters to evict protesters occupying a government building by force. The ensuing carnage left two students dead and 181 injured. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills ( BIS )

3510-468: The student protests caused authorities to respond with violence. In Spain , student demonstrations against Franco's dictatorship led to clashes with police. A student demonstration in Mexico City ended in a storm of bullets on the night of October 2, 1968, an event known as the Tlatelolco massacre . Even in Pakistan , students took to the streets to protest changes in education policy, and on November 7 two college students died after police opened fire on

3575-429: The students. Indonesia is often believed to have hosted "some of the most important acts of student resistance in the world's history". University student groups have repeatedly been the first groups to stage street demonstrations calling for governmental change at key points in the nation's history, and other organizations from across the political spectrum have sought to align themselves with student groups. In 1928,

3640-464: The tuition hike. Canadian universities have been active sites for debate and mobilization, with student groups advocating on both sides of the conflict. This activism has led to significant polarization on campuses, with heated debates, protests, and resolutions at institutions like McGill University and York University . The discussions often involve broader issues of academic freedom and concerns over rising antisemitism and Islamophobia . As

3705-425: The universities especially tending towards democratization, called the University Revolution (Spanish: revolución universitaria ). The events started in Córdoba and were accompanied by similar uprisings across Latin America. Australian students have a long history of being active in political debates. This is particularly true in the newer universities that have been established in suburban areas. For much of

3770-445: The unrealised promises of national independence. The two issues crossed in the demonstration of June 4, 1969. Student activism continues and women such as Aline Mukovi Neema, winner of 100 Women BBC award, continue to campaign for political change in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. During communist rule, students in Eastern Europe were the force behind several of the best-known instances of protest. The chain of events leading to

3835-621: The use of democratic elections in 1990, only a few months after the first protest. Another example of this was the Serbian Otpor! ("Resistance!" in Serbian ), formed in October 1998 as a response to repressive university and media laws that were introduced that year. In the presidential campaign in September 2000, the organisation engineered the "Gotov je" ("He's finished") campaign that galvanized Serbian discontent with Slobodan Milošević , ultimately resulting in his defeat. Otpor has inspired other youth movements in Eastern Europe , such as Kmara in Georgia , which played an important role in

3900-469: The years, political clashes and factional feuds in the educational institutes killed many, seriously hampering the academic atmosphere. To check those hitches, universities have no options but go to lengthy and unexpected closures. Therefore, classes are not completed on time and there are session jams. The student wings of ruling parties dominate the campuses and residential halls through crime and violence to enjoy various unauthorized facilities. They control

3965-404: Was Sir Martin Donnelly . Some policies apply to England alone due to devolution , while others are not devolved and therefore apply to other nations of the United Kingdom . The department was responsible for UK Government policy in the following areas: Economic policy is mostly devolved but several important policy areas are reserved to Westminster . Further and higher education policy

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4030-456: Was a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom . It was created by the Gordon Brown premiership on 5 June 2009 by the merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform . It was disbanded by the Theresa May premiership on the creation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 July 2016. The Permanent Secretary

4095-517: Was created by high school students David Shepherd, and Travis Price of Berwick, Nova Scotia, and is now celebrated annually across Canada. In 2012, the Quebec Student Movement arose due to an increase of tuition of 75%; that took students out of class and into the streets because that increase did not allow students to comfortably extend their education, because of fear of debt or not having money at all. Following elections that year, premier Jean Charest promised to repeal anti-assembly laws and cancel

4160-415: Was prominent in an Administration occupation in 1968, and a student strike in 1969. After the failure of the student strike, SDU broke up. Some members joined the IWW and Yippies (Youth International Party). Other members helped form the Vancouver Liberation Front in 1970. The FLQ (Quebec Liberation Front) was considered a terrorist organization, causing the use of the War Measures Act after 95 bombings in

4225-434: Was the largest yet. A few months later the government passed Institutional Act Number Five which officially banned students from any further protest. In Canada , New Left student organizations from the late 1950s and 1960s became mainly two: SUPA ( Student Union for Peace Action ) and CYC (Company of Young Canadians). SUPA grew out of the CUCND (Combined Universities Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament) in December 1964, at

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