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55-488: Stampa is first mentioned after 1354 as Stamppa and was named so in honor of the Stampa family, overlords of the area. Stampa has an area, as of 2006, of 94.7 km (36.6 sq mi). Of this area, 14.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 18.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (66.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The municipality

110-606: A considerable time, two great factions, or associations of families. The Orsini , Cesarini , Borghese , Aldobrandini , Ludovisi , and Giustiniani were with the Pamphili ; while opposed to them, was the house of Colonna and the Barberini . Popes commonly elevated members of prominent families to the position of Cardinal ; especially second and third sons who would not otherwise inherit hereditary titles. Popes also elevated their own family members – especially nephews – to

165-561: A high court ruling in 1967 definitively established that the heraldic-nobiliary legislation of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) is not current law, the title of the head of the noble family is still accorded to all descendants as courtesy titles . The southern kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia, as well as the Papal states, granted titles as in monarchies such as Spain, France, or England: duke, marquis, count, baron. The title of viscount

220-637: A new branch called Casati Stampa di Soncino . In the early years of the 18th century Carlo Gaetano Stampa moved to central Italy and acquired a palace near the Vatican , Palazzo Capponi Stampa . A few years later his cousin Pietro Antonio Stampa inherited the palace, settling in Rome and marrying a local noblewoman , who had a dowry of estates in Ferentino and Alatri . In 1779, with

275-453: A papal relative. Families that had previously been limited to agricultural or mercantile ventures found themselves, sometimes within only one or two generations, elevated to the Roman nobility when a relative was elected to the papal throne. Modern Italy is dotted with the fruits of their success – various family palazzi stand today as a testament to their sometimes meteoric rise to power. In

330-575: A sign of distinction between the nobility granted "to the Milanese by their duke" and that granted by "foreigners". The Venetian Patriciate was one of the three social bodies into which the society of the Republic of Venice was divided, together with citizens and foreigners. Patrizio was the noble title of the members of the aristocracy ruling the city of Venice and the Republic. The title

385-518: A uniform nobiliary law, was created, including male succession (although it was possible for ancient titles to be transferred to an heir in the female line by royal authority), and some acknowledgement was made by the King of Italy of titles conferred by Francis II of the Two Sicilies in exile by making new grants in the same name. Those nobles who maintained allegiance to the pope became known as

440-624: Is 69 people or 13.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 44 people or 8.3% are 70 to 79, there are 23 people or 4.3% who are 80 to 89, and there are 3 people or 0.6% who are 90 to 99. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 57.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (22.5%), the FDP (16.2%) and the CVP (2.6%). The entire Swiss population

495-421: Is generally well educated. In Stampa about 65% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule ). Stampa has an unemployment rate of 1.71%. As of 2005, there were 24 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 64 people are employed in

550-854: Is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . Stampa (family) The Stampa are a well-known family of old Italian nobility that rose to prominence in the 15th century. They were Grandees of Spain , members the Order of the Golden Fleece and owned many estates throughout the Italian Peninsula , including a Castle in Soncino , a Palace in Milan, and countless others in Muggiò , Melzo , Gorgonzola , Rivolta d'Adda , Ferentino and Rome . They are related to some of

605-704: Is located in the Bergell sub-district of the Maloja district and is the administrative and cultural center of the sub-district. The municipality is divided into two distinct territories, the smaller in the Val Bregaglia and the larger which extends from the two sides of the Maloja Pass and Engadin . It consists of the valley settlements of Stampa, Borgonovo , Coltura , Montaccio, Caccior (at an elevation of 1,000 m (3,300 ft)), Cavril and Canova at

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660-590: The Black Nobility . After the unification of Italy, its kings continued to create titles of nobility for eminent Italians, this time valid for all Italian territory. For example, General Enrico Cialdini was created Duca di Gaeta for his role during unification. The practice continued until the 20th century, when nominations would be made by the Prime Minister of Italy and approved by the Crown. In

715-652: The Engadin valley and a part lies in the Val Bregaglia , there are also German and Romansh minorities. One family of famous artists, the Giacometti, come from Stampa. The most famous members of the family are: Another famous figure is the Basel-born artist Miriam Cahn , who has been residing in Stampa since 2016. She lives and works in an atelier house built by local architect Armando Ruinelli. Palazzo Castelmur

770-607: The Italian Peninsula , and the islands linked with it, recognized by the sovereigns of the Italian city-states since the Middle Ages , and by the kings of Italy after the unification of the region into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy . Nobles had a specific legal status and held most of the wealth and various privileges denied to other classes, mainly politicians. In most of the former Italian pre-unification states, it

825-536: The Kingdom of Italy , whose origins may be traced to the 11th century AD. The Romans , Byzantines and Saracens exported different elements of their aristocratic structures to the island of Sicily , however, it was not until the Norman invasion of 1061, led by Roger I de Hauteville , that the Sicilian aristocracy and feudal system took root. Over the centuries, established noble families were advanced through

880-636: The Papal States to compensate him for the financial damage. The relationship between the family and the Holy See continued with succeeding generations. Cardinal Mastai Ferretti , later Pope Pius IX , ensured that Domenico Stampa contracted a good marriage with Paolina Vinciguerra, last heir of the counts Antonini di Alatri . The family continues to exist in Rome and Milan . Nobility of Italy The Italian nobility ( Italian : Nobiltà italiana ) comprised individuals and their families of

935-586: The Risorgimento on 17 March 1861, when most of the states of the peninsula and Kingdom of the Two Sicilies were united under King Victor Emmanuel II of the Savoy dynasty, hitherto monarch of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which included Piedmont . The architect of Italian unification was Count Camillo Benso di Cavour , the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel. Rome itself remained for a further decade under

990-573: The Sforza Castle from 1531. The Duke held him in high regard, and in 1534 was appointed to accompany the future duchess Christina of Denmark on her first trip to Milan. He also hosted a reception for her in his Cusago Castle, which he bought that same year. After the death of Francesco II in 1535 the city was about to plunge into chaos, just as it happened when Filippo Maria Visconti died. To avoid disorders, Massimiliano took charge of an embassy and offered Milan to Charles V , Emperor of

1045-560: The election of a family member as Pope or were elevated into the ranks of nobility through ecclesiastical promotion. These families freely intermarried with aristocratic nobility. Like other noble families, those with both papal power and money were able to purchase comunes or other tracts of land and elevate family patriarchs and other relatives to noble titles. Hereditary patriarchs were appointed Duke , Marquis and even Prince of various 16th and 17th century principalities . According to Ranke: Under Innocent X there existed, for

1100-412: The secondary sector and there are 11 businesses in this sector. 191 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 42 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table: Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks Italian (66.1%), with German being second most common (27.7%) and Romansh being third ( 1.9%). However, because a portion of the municipality lies in

1155-560: The "new" noble homelands: Sansepolcro , San Miniato , Livorno , Pescia and Prato . Overall, the Florentine nobility was divided into feudal, senatorial and priority. In Milan , the first officially drawn up list of nobility was the " Matricula nobilium familiarum Mediolani" by Ottone Visconti , dated 20 April 1377, in which, however, only the noble Milanese families who helped the Visconti family in their seizure of power over

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1210-405: The 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, Italy was home to a myriad of noble families that had risen to prominence via judicial appointment, election to the various regional senates or appointment to Catholic Church office. There were also families which had been part of Italian nobility for many decades or even centuries. Writing in the 19th century, Leopold von Ranke recorded: In the middle of

1265-407: The 17th century there were computed to be fifty noble families in Rome of three hundred years' standing, thirty-five of two hundred, and sixteen of one hundred years. None were permitted to claim a more ancient descent, or were generally traced to an obscure, or even a low origin. The Sicilian nobility was a privileged hereditary class in the Kingdom of Sicily , the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and

1320-527: The French seigneur , a title introduced into Italy by the 11th century Normans), vassalli ( vassals ) or cavalieri (knights). Eventually, this class came to be known collectively as the baroni (barons); in Italy barone was not always a title descriptive of a particular feudal rank. During the 14th century, most minor feudal lands became baronies, their holders barons. It must be observed that

1375-546: The Holy Roman Empire . In recognition, Massimiliano was created 1st Marquess of Soncino and granted an allowance of 50.000 scudi . The family ruled over Milan until 1876, and the city flourished immensely under their guidance. Massimiliano Cesare Stampa, the last Marquess of Soncino, died without children and donated his castle to the municipality. His assets were acquired by the Casati family, thus creating

1430-593: The Papacy, and became part of the Kingdom of Italy only in 1870. In September of that year, invading Italian troops entered the Papal state, and the ensuing occupation forced Pope Pius IX to his palace where he declared himself a prisoner in the Vatican, as did his successors, until the Lateran Pacts of 1929. Under the united Kingdom of Italy a new national nobility, an attempt (not wholly successful) to impose

1485-510: The Republic was in fact ruled as an oligarchy by about 20 to 30 families of Venice's urban nobility, who elected the Doge , held political and military offices and directly participated in the daily governing of the state. They were predominantly merchants , with their main source of income being trade with the East and other entrepreneurial activities, on which they became incredibly wealthy. Some of

1540-641: The aftermath of the First World War , most Italians who were ennobled received their titles through the patronage of the Mussolini government. Examples include General Armando Diaz ( Duca della Vittoria ), Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel ( Duca del Mare ), Commodore Luigi Rizzo ( Conte di Grado e di Premuda ), Costanzo Ciano ( Conte di Cortellazzo i Buccari ), Dino Grandi ( Conte di Mordano ) and Cesare Maria de Vecchi ( Conte di Val Cismon ). Many of these were victory titles for services rendered to

1595-569: The aristocratic ranks. By the 18th century, the titles principe , duca and marchese were held by many men whose ancestors, only several centuries earlier, had been barons and lords. Conte , signore and cavaliere are titles that have been used by the Sicilian nobility. Over the centuries many families emerged as landed aristocracy or nobility similar to the English gentry and peerage . During this period, throughout Italy various influential families came to positions of power through

1650-493: The case of the Republic of Genoa , through the Constitutional Reform and the laws of 1528, 1548 and 1575, an aristocratic republic was inaugurated, which would last until 1797. With the constitutional reform of 1528, belonging to a albergo became from optional to compulsory, effectively transforming the alberghi into lists of registration to the city nobility recognized by the government. The reform required that

1705-425: The city was increasingly predisposed to become court nobility, in the direct service of the duke, especially in the field of arms and alliances for war purposes. These families, during this period, played a fundamental role in the politics of the territory, without ever completely outclassing the figure of the duke. Most of the Milanese patriciate is linked to this period, which in the following centuries will constitute

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1760-528: The consent of Pope Pius VI , Pietro Antonio's youngest son Angelo joined the council of the 15 noble families of Ferentino. He and his older brother Filippo were loyal servants of the papacy , so much that in 1770 Pope Clement XIV appointed them state administrators of the Duchy of Castro . There is still a plaque in his memory at the entrance of Ferentino’s town hall: "Count Filippo Stampa (1710–1789), scholar and administrator, lived here. A.D. 2001" Among

1815-549: The creation of the Italian Republic in 1946. Although many titles still exist, they are used as a matter of social courtesy and are not recognised under the law. A limited number of noble titles granted by the pope were formally acknowledged according to Article 42 of the Lateran Treaty until its abrogation in 1985. Before the unification of Italy (1861) there were many members of the nobility in Italy. In

1870-542: The existence of the Kingdom of Sardinia , the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (before 1816: the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily ), the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , the Duchy of Parma , the Duchy of Modena , the Duchy of Savoy , the Papal States and the Austrian Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia led to parallel nobilities with different traditions and rules. Modern Italy became a nation-state during

1925-581: The family in honour of its ancestors. However, historians such as the Count Pompeo Litta do not believe these sources, arguing that it was very common for aristocratic families to trace their ancestry back to France. One of the earliest documents Litta could find dates to 1277, when the Archbishop Ottone Visconti became Lord of Milan : it consists in a register compiled by Ottone himself, granting several privileges to

1980-509: The foot of the Maloja Pass (at 1,600 m (5,200 ft)) and the sections of Maloja with Isola , Orden, Pila and Capolago (at 1,810 m (5,940 ft)). On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Bondo , Castasegna , Soglio , Stampa, and Vicosoprano merged into a new municipality of Bregaglia . Lägh da Cavloc is located in the Val Forno . Stampa has a population (as of 2008) of 595, of which 14.5% are foreign nationals. Over

2035-603: The former being noted for traditionally electing the first Doge in 697 AD. The New houses were no less significant, as many became very prominent and important in influencing the history of the Republic of Venice . The families were furthermore divided into several other "categories", including Ducal houses (which gave Doges), Newest houses ( Case nuovissime ), Non-Venetian patricians, and "Houses made for money" (usually very wealthy landowning or bourgeoise families enriched through trade). Although there were numerous noble houses across Venice's home and overseas land possessions,

2090-698: The king of Italy for titles of nobility. For example, Marshal Pietro Badoglio was created Marchese del Sabotino and later Duke of Addis Abeba , while General Rodolfo Graziani became Marchese di Neghelli . In 1946, the Kingdom of Italy was replaced by a republic . Under the Italian Constitution adopted in 1948, titles of nobility, although still used as a courtesy, are not legally recognised. Certain predicati ( territorial designations ) recognised before 1922 may continue to be attached to surnames and used in legal documents. Often these were historic feudal territories of noble families. Although

2145-584: The last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -2.6%. As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The age distribution, as of 2000, in Stampa is; 65 children or 12.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 40 teenagers or 7.5% are 10 to 14, and 21 teenagers or 4.0% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 41 people or 7.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 70 people or 13.2% are 30 to 39, 84 people or 15.8% are 40 to 49, and 71 people or 13.4% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution

2200-556: The most important Italian noble houses , such as the Doria , Sforza , Gonzaga , Borromeo and Visconti . The Stampa trace their ancestry back to Carlo Lanfranco of the dukes of Étampes , later governor of Milan under Charles the Great . His descendants settled in Milan and Gravedona , and ruled over the Val Bregaglia . The best evidence for this is the city of Stampa , named so by

2255-530: The most important families, who dominated the politics and the history of the state, include those such as the Contarini , Cornaro , Dandolo , Giustiniani , Loredan , Mocenigo , Arellano , Morosini and the Venier families. In the years preceding the political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy ,

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2310-500: The most influential families of the city, including the Stampa and their progeny. The Stampa decided the destiny of Milan on more than one occasion. The first time was in 1450, when they helped Francesco I Sforza become Duke of Milan . In February the Venetians had sent an ambassador, Leonardo Venieri, to negotiate the city's surrender and help them defeat Sforza. Giovanni Stampa marched onto Milan with his army and killed Venieri on

2365-578: The municipality of Milan were listed, therefore considered the most faithful and ancient nobility in the future lifetime of the city. From 5 September 1395 the Dukes of Milan officially obtained the right to grant nobility to as many nobles as there were, consistent with the recognition of the Duchy of Milan . During the whole ducal period, first of the Visconti and then of the Sforza , the nobility residing in

2420-475: The nation in the Great War. The writer and aviator Gabriele d'Annunzio was created Principe di Montenevoso in 1924, and the physicist, inventor, and Nobel laureate Guglielmo Marconi was also ennobled in 1924 as Marchese Marconi . In 1937, Ettore Tolomei was ennobled as Conte della Vetta . When Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli became Pope in 1939, Mussolini had the title of Principe posthumously bestowed on

2475-495: The new Pontiff's brother Francesco Pacelli , who had already been made a Marchese by the Holy See during his lifetime. In 1929, the Lateran Treaty acknowledged all Papal titles created before that date and undertook to give unquestioned recognition to titles conferred by the Holy See on Italian citizens in the future. After the successful Italian invasion of Abyssinia , the Mussolini government recommended some Italians to

2530-533: The other Italian states, the Consulta Araldica (the Italian college of arms) integrated these different and varied systems into the hierarchy described below. The official ranks under the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) were: This hierarchy resulted from the overlapping of titles granted by the pre-unification states, though these were different from each other. By 1946, with abolition of the monarchy,

2585-622: The other commercial activities which the Stampa administered on behalf of the Holy See , there were several iron mines in Elba . The family also had the wood cutting rights in the area of Canino . It was a very lucrative business, but when Lucien Bonaparte was confined to the Papal States, he claimed part of those estates. After Napoleon 's exile to Saint Helena , Pope Pius VII offered Angelo Stampa's first born Pietro an important job within

2640-510: The special position of Cardinal-Nephew . Prominent families could purchase curial offices for their sons and regularly did, hoping that the son would rise through Church ranks to become a Bishop or a Cardinal, from which position they could dispense further titles and positions of authority to other family members. The period was famous for papal nepotism and many families, such as the Barberini and Pamphili, benefited greatly from having

2695-421: The stairs of Palazzo Reale , forcing the Milanese to surrender. The Duke was naturally obliged to the family, and rewarded them with many honours. The branch of Soncino, arguably the most important of all, originated with the emblematic figure of Massimiliano I Stampa, son of count Pietro Martire Stampa and countess Barbara Crivelli. Massimiliano was a loyal courtier of Francesco II Sforza and castellan of

2750-529: The use of these titles usually required some form of sovereign award or feudal tenure. During the Renaissance, noble families conquered most of the Italian city-states except the republics of Venice, Genoa , Lucca , San Marino and Ragusa . Until 1806, parts of the present-day Italy formed the Kingdom of Italy, belonging to the Holy Roman Empire . When in 1861 the king of Sardinia annexed

2805-418: The wealthiest citizens who owned six or more houses should originate a distinct albergo. On that occasion, it was decided to establish a single Order of noble citizens, otherwise known as Old Nobles, divided into twenty-three old and already existing alberghi and five new ones were created for the occasion. These associations were to prevent the resurgence of ancient hostilities and protect the wealth and power of

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2860-449: The wealthiest families. The Florentine , and later Tuscan nobility distinguished itself in the two classes of Patricians, recognized as noble since before 1532, belonging to the Order of Saint Stephen , and residing only in the ancient noble homelands: Florence , Siena , Pisa , Pistoia , Arezzo , Volterra , Montepulciano and Cortona . And of the nobles, simple nobility, civic nobility, senators and commanders, with residence of

2915-434: Was abbreviated, in front of the name, by the initials N.H. ( Nobil Homo ), together with the feminine variant N.D. ( Nobildonna ). Holding the title of a Venetian patrician was a great honour and many European kings and princes, as well as foreign noble families, are known to have asked for and obtained the prestigious title. The noble houses were primarily divided into Old ( Case vecchie ) and New houses ( Case nuove ), with

2970-499: Was not, however, as frequent in Italy as elsewhere. Joseph Bonaparte conferred the title "prince" to be hereditary on his children and grandchildren. Often, Italian comunes (also in the Kingdom of Naples ) and republics granted or recognised the title of Patrician (post-Roman Europe) The Republic of Venice also granted feudal titles. In the Middle Ages: The majority of feudatories were simply signori (from

3025-674: Was the only class that had access to high-level government positions. They also practically monopolized the most distinguished positions in the city-states and in the Catholic Church for a long time. There were several different systems of nobility over time and in different regions. From the Middle Ages until March 1861, Italy was not a single country. It was a region consisting of a number of separate kingdoms and other states, with many reigning dynasties . These were often related by marriage to each other and to other European royal families. Recognition of Italian nobility ceased with

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