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65-789: Stanley Winston (April 7, 1946 – June 15, 2008) was an American television and film special make-up effects artist, best known for his work in the Terminator series , the first three Jurassic Park films, Aliens , The Thing , the first two Predator films, Inspector Gadget , Iron Man , and Edward Scissorhands . He won four Academy Awards for his work. Winston, a frequent collaborator with directors James Cameron , Steven Spielberg and Tim Burton , owned several effects studios, including Stan Winston Digital. The established areas of expertise for Winston were in makeup, puppets and practical effects, but he had recently expanded his studio to encompass digital effects as well. Winston

130-558: A combination of practical effects and CGI. They see CGI as a tool that can be utilized in a positive or negative way, just like practical effects. Tom Savini (an SFX artist known for his work in Dawn of the Dead and Creepshow ) states: "They still use the make-up guys to design the creatures and that’s what they work from. I don’t think you’ll see make-up effects guys hanging out on corners with signs that say: WILL DO EFFECTS FOR FOOD. " In

195-565: A ledge. The creature activates a self-destruct device on its forearm, which Harrigan severs with the disc, disarming it. The Predator falls into an apartment, where it treats its wounds and flees. Harrigan pursues it to a spacecraft hidden underground and engages it in combat, eventually killing the Predator with its disc. Suddenly, a group of Predators, which remained hidden, emerge to collect their dead comrade. The leader of them, an elder Predator, gives Harrigan an antique flintlock pistol as

260-405: A makeup apprenticeship at Walt Disney Studios . In 1972, Winston established his own company, Stan Winston Studio, and in 1973, he won an Emmy Award for his effects work on the 1972 telefilm Gargoyles . Over the next seven years, Winston continued to receive Emmy Award nominations for work on projects and won another for 1974's The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman . Winston also created

325-556: A nonexistent subway in Los Angeles. (The Los Angeles Metro Rail started operating the same year as the film's release.) For the set design, Paul aimed for a "kind of retrograde future that's equal parts Brazil and Blade Runner mixed in with modern-day technology", with "big and outrageous" structures but simpler prop design, such as boxy and colorless cars. The MPAA initially gave Predator 2 an NC-17 rating, so several cuts were made to bring it down to an R rating. Toward

390-540: A series of made-for-cable films for Cinemax and HBO . The five films, referred to as Creature Features , were inspired by the titles of AIP monster movies from the 1950s — i.e., Earth vs. the Spider (1958), How to Make a Monster (1958), Day the World Ended (1955), The She-Creature (1956), and Teenage Caveman (1958) — but had completely different plots. two reasons Stan Winston did this

455-485: A shootout between the police, Jamaicans, and Colombians, observing as Lieutenant Michael R. Harrigan charges into the firefight to rescue two wounded officers and drive the Colombians back into their hideout. The Predator assaults the Colombians, causing a disturbance that prompts Harrigan and detectives Leona Cantrell and Danny Archuleta to defy orders and enter the hideout, where they find the slaughtered Colombians. On

520-442: A slaughterhouse, Harrigan arranges to meet his team at the warehouse district to investigate. Cantrell and Lambert take the subway there, but are ambushed by the Predator, who kills Lambert and numerous armed passengers but spares Cantrell after its helmet's scanners indicate that she is pregnant. Arriving in time to see it claim Lambert's head, Harrigan chases the fleeing Predator, but is intercepted by Keyes's men. Keyes reveals that

585-485: A snail-shaped vessel whose interior was "both technological and reptilian, where the creature and its ship blend and work together". Given the Alien franchise is also by Fox with effects work by Winston, the crew added an Xenomorph head among the trophy skulls in the Predator ship. Predator 2 is set ten years after the original, which was the then-future of 1997, leading to some developments like new video technology and

650-627: A straight lineage from the stagecraft of theater and can be observed at the birth of science fiction cinema with Le Voyage dans La Lune , a 1902 French adventure short film directed by pioneer of special effects Georges Méliès . The work of makeup artist Jack Pierce furthered pioneered early Hollywood prosthetic work and is best remembered for creating the iconic makeup worn by Boris Karloff in Frankenstein , his makeup for Lon Chaney Jr. in The Wolfman . Modern prosthetic makeup

715-531: A total of $ 57 million, $ 30 million of which was from the United States. The worldwide box office revenue totaled $ 57,120,318 in ticket sales. The film became the lowest-grossing film in the Predator franchise. In 1990, the film's reviews were generally negative, though reviewers were generally impressed by the casting of Danny Glover as an action hero. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes ,

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780-478: A trophy. As the ship takes off, Harrigan escapes to the surface and meets with the remainder of Keyes's team. Despite their lost opportunity to capture the creature, Harrigan privately muses on the fact that the Predators will return. Elpidia Carrillo reprises her role as Anna Gonsalves from the first film in a cameo appearance . She aids government agents in a videotape, showing the devastating after-effects of

845-411: Is 100% online, currently offers hundreds of in-depth, on-demand educational video courses by Hollywood's leading special effects artists and creators. Topics covered include design, sculpture, mold making, lab work, animatronics, makeup effects, puppet making, painting, and fabrication. Winston worked with the following directors on more than one film: Prosthetic makeup Prosthetic makeup draws

910-636: Is a process in which makeup is used to simulate different wounds and trauma in order to prepare medical, emergency, and military personnel for what they could experience in the field and lessen psychological trauma. Craniofacial prosthetics are used in medical fields for cosmetic purposes to disguise deformations of the face, either those caused by trauma or birth defects as an alternative to reconstructive surgery . They can be used for smaller applications such as ears or noses, or full face masks. These prosthetics can provide both medical benefits such as improved speech and hearing as well as psychological benefits to

975-451: Is typically made of plaster bandage which is created over the outside of the initial flexible mold to provide support. This mold is used to cast a copy of that part of the actor, in a hard resin or plaster type material to eventually use as a base for sculpting the prosthetic. This is considered a "positive" or life-cast. Before sculpting the clay prosthetic over the positive, The positive must be prepared by adding "keys" or mold points along

1040-742: The Wookiee costumes for the 1978 Star Wars Holiday Special . In 1978, Winston was the Special Make-up Designer for The Wiz . In 1982, Winston received his first Oscar nomination for Heartbeeps , by which time he had set up his own studio. However, it was his ground-breaking work with Rob Bottin on his update of the science fiction horror classic The Thing that year that brought him to prominence in Hollywood. He also worked on supervised vision work on The Entity . Between then, he contributed some visual effects to Friday

1105-543: The 13th Part III , in which he made a slightly different head sculpt of Jason in an unused ending. In 1983, Winston designed the Mr. Roboto facemask for the American rock group Styx . In 1983 he also worked on the short-lived television series Manimal , for which he created the panther and hawk transformation effects. Winston reached a new level of fame in 1984 when James Cameron 's The Terminator premiered. The movie

1170-599: The 2000s, CGI and practical effects began being used in tandem, with CGI often used to enhance prosthetic makeup in a way that would have been impossible to do practically such as erasing body parts or creating hollow points in the face. For Hugo Weaving 's role as Red Skull in Captain America: The First Avenger , Weaving wore a full head silicone prosthetic makeup, which was covered in CGI tracking markers for his nose to be erased by VFX. Moulage

1235-535: The Colombian drug lord's penthouse and murder him before they are killed in turn by the Predator. Upon their arrival, Harrigan's team notes the similarities between the crime scene and the earlier Colombian massacre, including the flayed corpses, until Keyes's team arrives and removes them. Archuleta returns on his own, finding one of the Predator's spear tips before the creature kills him. As an enraged Harrigan vows to stop Archuleta's killer, forensic analysis reveals

1300-614: The Darkness and T2-3D: Battle Across Time , James Cameron's 3-D continuation of the Terminator series for the Universal Studios theme parks . One of Winston's most ambitious animatronics projects was Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence , which earned Winston another Oscar nomination for Best Visual Effects . In 1996, Winston directed and co-produced the longest music video of all time, Ghosts , which

1365-400: The actor has been chosen, the effects artist will prepare the actor for the process of taking a mold of the actor's face, head or body part. This process is called lifecasting . Lifecast molds are made from prosthetic alginate or more recently, from skin-safe platinum silicone rubber. This initial mold can be relatively weak but flexible. A hard mother mold, also known as a jacket or matrix,

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1430-527: The actor was interested in starring in the film and had his own ideas about the character, wanting to portray him as a CIA psychiatrist and martial arts expert, Hopkins ultimately decided against it, as he wanted the character to be an average Joe type. Due to a dispute over salary, Schwarzenegger declined to return to the sequel, and Silver brought in three actors he had worked with in Lethal Weapon : Gary Busey , Steve Kahan , and Danny Glover in

1495-525: The actor's face before shooting began, which often took several hours and would have to be done from scratch at the start of each day. The Frankenstein makeup by Jack Pierce consisted of spirit gum, cotton, collodion , and wax, taking around 3 hours to apply in the morning, and another 1-2 hours to remove at the end of the day. Rubber began to be used to make appliances in the late 30s, with Pierce making rubber head forms and broken neck appliances for Boris Karloff and Bela Lugosi respectively. A rubber snout

1560-477: The actors more expression and movement. In 1965, William Tuttle won an Academy Honorary Award for his makeup work on 7 Faces of Dr. Lao at the 37th Academy Awards , making him the first artist to win an award for makeup before the Best Makeup category was introduced in 1981. The process of creating a makeup prosthetic appliance typically begins with concept art, created by the artist or production. Once

1625-413: The beach, had my training, I was lifting weights a lot more than I am now. I was really feeling it in that movie. A third main film titled Predators was released in 2010. A fourth, The Predator was released in 2018, which is set between the events of Predator 2 and Predators . A prequel titled Prey was released in 2022, which takes place in 1719. A novelization written by Simon Hawke

1690-705: The cinema screen . In 1993, the movie became a blockbuster and Winston won another Oscar for Best Visual Effects . In 1993, Winston, Cameron and ex- ILM General Manager Scott Ross co-founded Digital Domain , one of the foremost digital and visual effects studios in the world. In 1998, after the box office success of Titanic , Cameron and Winston severed their working relationship with the company and resigned from its board of directors. Winston and his team continued to provide effects work for many more films and expanded their work into animatronics . Some of Winston's notable animatronics work can be found in The Ghost and

1755-458: The cult status since its release, he added "It had a big initial opening weekend if I remember correctly – but I think many people were disappointed that Arnold wasn’t in it. A lot of people like the film and some prefer it to the original – just because it’s in a city and more contemporary." Danny Glover was proud of his performance, saying: I have two films I’ve done that I feel that I was bigger than life in, in which I felt that I could control

1820-472: The debut of newer technologies, many have feared that CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery) will put practical SFX makeup out of business. CGI can be used to accomplish effects that simply aren't possible when working in practical effects. Tom Woodruff Jr. and Alec Gillis , two experienced SFX artists from Amalgamated Dynamics near L.A., share what they see as the middle ground on the subject. In an interview, they explain that most movies use (out of necessity)

1885-440: The edges of it, which are often added using clay or more plaster or carved into the life-cast, to make sure that the two pieces of the mold will fit together correctly. Often the life-cast will be given an additional border in clay or plaster in order to have an area free of detail and undercuts to add these keys. The entire life-cast with borders and keys included is then molded. This ensures a stable area with built in keys to sculpt

1950-547: The end of filming, a short unofficial music video was made, with Danny Glover dancing with the Predator and others. Alan Silvestri returned to score the sequel, conducting the Skywalker Symphony Orchestra. Whereas the first film did not have its music released until years later, a soundtrack album for the sequel was issued on December 13, 1990, from Varèse Sarabande . On December 1, 2014, the label issued Predator 2: The Deluxe Edition . Predator 2

2015-456: The film "an unbeatable contender" for the "most mindless, mean-spirited action film of the holiday season". Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert , in giving the film two out of four stars, suggested that it represents an "angry and ugly" dream. He said that the creatures' design had racist undertones where "subliminal clues [...] encourage us to subconsciously connect the menace with black males". Several retrospective reviews have considered

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2080-492: The film received an approval rating of 30% based on 37 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's consensus states: "The thrill of the hunt is gone in this hackneyed sequel." On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100 based on 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale. The reviewers for The Washington Post were split: Rita Kempley enjoyed

2145-414: The film underrated, and it has gained a cult following. Later, director Stephen Hopkins said: "It's so over the top. I just sort of went for it and made the biggest, boldest, loudest movie I could make. I was only 29 years old – I was like a rampant child, running around Los Angeles, blowing the shit out of everything and making things as bloody as possible." About the modest reception at the box office and

2210-721: The film was on hold. The film would eventually be released in 2015 titled Jurassic World . At the time of his death, Winston was working on the fourth Terminator film, Terminator Salvation , as well as frequent collaborator James Cameron's film Avatar . Winston designed the original monsters that appeared in the Midway game The Suffering and its sequel, The Suffering: Ties That Bind . Stan Winston died on June 15, 2008, in Malibu, California , after suffering for seven years from multiple myeloma . A spokeswoman reported that he "died peacefully at home surrounded by family." Winston

2275-459: The film, saying that it had "the dismal irony of RoboCop and the brooding fatalism of Blade Runner ", and that Glover "brings an unusual depth to the action-adventure and proves fiercely effective as the Predator's new nemesis". Desson Howe said the film was "blithely unoriginal" and numbingly violent, but also praised Glover's ability to bring warmth to the center of a cold film. In her review for The New York Times , Janet Maslin called

2340-551: The film. After his death, his four supervisors (Shane Mahan, John Rosengrant, Alan Scott, Lindsay Macgowan) founded and built their own studio, Legacy Effects , named to honor his memory. In 2009, the year after his passing, the Winston family founded the Stan Winston School of Character Arts to "preserve Stan's legacy by inspiring and fostering creativity in a new generation of character creators.” The school, which

2405-431: The first Predator's self-destruct device to the U.S. Army. Carrillo filmed an additional scene in which she talks to the camera and describes the events of the first film, but this scene was cut. Once 20th Century Fox approached Predator screenwriters Jim and John Thomas to write a sequel, they pitched six ideas, one of which was "putting the creature in an urban jungle", which the studio liked. The eventual setting

2470-565: The horror movie Pumpkinhead , and won Best First Time Director at the Paris Film Festival. His next directing project was the child-friendly A Gnome Named Gnorm (1990), starring Anthony Michael Hall . James Cameron drafted Winston and his team once again in 1990, this time for Terminator 2: Judgment Day . T2 premiered in the summer of 1991, and Winston's work on this box office hit won him two more Academy Awards for Best Makeup and Best Visual Effects . In 1992, he

2535-448: The life-cast of that body part to become the design intended. For example, if the desired look is a pig nosed person, then the artist would sculpt the pig nose over the actor's real nose on the life-cast or positive copy. The edges of the clay should be made as thin as possible, for the clay is a stand-in for what will eventually be the prosthetic piece. Once sculpted, the new addition of the clay sculpted prosthetic part must be molded. Since

2600-469: The monster is an extraterrestrial hunter with infrared vision and active camouflage that has been hunting humans for sport throughout several armed conflicts, most recently one decade prior in Central America. Keyes and his team have set a trap in a nearby slaughterhouse, using thermally insulated suits with mounted ultraviolet lights and cryogenic weapons to capture it for study. However,

2665-428: The new prosthetic, material is cast into the mold cavity (where the clay used to be). The prosthetic material can be foam latex , gelatin , silicone or other similar materials. The prosthetic is cured within the two-part mold, and then carefully removed and prepared for painting and or application to the actor. As the film/television industry continues to grow, so do the capabilities of the technologies behind it. Since

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2730-483: The positive has been prepared with the additional border and keys, it actually becomes part of the prosthetic mold itself. Once molded, and clay removed, new mold cleaned out, the positive is one part of the mold and the new mold is the other side which has the negative of the newly sculpted prosthetic. This gives two or more pieces of a mold - a positive of the face or body part, and one (or more for complex molds) "negative" mold pieces with prosthetic sculpted in. To make

2795-428: The previous film's $ 98 million gross on a smaller production budget. The film has been viewed more positively over time, especially for Danny Glover's performance, the direction, and the musical score, and has gained a cult following in the decades since its initial release. In 1997, Los Angeles is experiencing a heat wave and a turf war between heavily armed Colombian and Jamaican drug cartels . A Predator watches

2860-479: The prosthetic over. This also provides the artist an easily duplicated copy, if needed. Multiple copies are typically used to make variations or stages of prosthetics or different prosthetics for the same actor. Life-casts of full bodies and body parts are also used and reused as the basis for making fake body parts, severed limbs, and various "gore" type effects used in horror films or films where body parts are required. The prosthetic required will be sculpted over

2925-424: The role of Harrigan. Production was split between location shooting, mostly at night, and soundstage filming. The main Predator was designed to look more urban and hip than its predecessor. Design changes included tribal ornamentation on the forehead, which is steeper and shallower, brighter skin coloration, and a greater number of fangs. Describing the new Predator's design, Stan Winston said, "Broad concept's

2990-456: The roof, Harrigan shoots the crazed gang leader and catches a glimpse of the camouflaged Predator, but dismisses it as a consequence of the extreme heat and his acrophobia . At the station, Harrigan is reprimanded by his superiors for his disobedience and introduced to Special Agent Peter Keyes, leader of a task force investigating the cartels, and Detective Jerry Lambert, the newest member of Harrigan's team. Later that evening, Jamaicans invade

3055-438: The same. The difference is, this is a different individual. A different individual of the same species. As in a snake is a snake, but different snakes are different. Their colorings are different, different parts of their characteristics, their facial structures, subtle differences." Production designer Lawrence Paull said that with the Predator ship, he attempted "a space vehicle unlike anything that had ever been designed before",

3120-471: The screenplay was finished, he worked closely with the Thomases in the script revisions and storyboarding the sequences they had written. For the lead role of LAPD police officer Harrigan, Hopkins had originally envisioned Patrick Swayze playing the role, teaming up with a returning Arnold Schwarzenegger , who starred as Dutch in the first film. Hopkins also met with Steven Seagal for the role; although

3185-408: The space. Silverado for me, and Predator 2 . In Predator 2 , it was like 'who's the baddest cat in your space, and the baddest cat says 'I'm gonna challenge you.' Mano y mano. I was the baddest guy in his space. What happens? I kill him, and then the others come around, and I’m like 'alright... who's next?' I was about 42, 43.. in the best shape in my life, best shape I’ve been in. I was running on

3250-416: The spear tip is not composed of any known element on the periodic table . Seeking answers, Harrigan meets with Jamaican drug lord King Willie, a voodoo practitioner who believes the killer is supernatural and that he should prepare himself for battle against it. Harrigan leaves before the Predator kills King Willie, taking his head as a trophy. Tracing a lead indicating Archuleta's killer had recently been in

3315-412: The suspicious Predator, upon hearing step sounds, uses its scanners to track, outmaneuver, and slaughter Keyes's men via their lights. Harrigan attacks and wounds the Predator, but it destroys his weapon. It nearly kills him before Keyes tries to freeze the creature, only to be bisected by the Predator's Smart Disc. The Predator chases Harrigan to the roof, where they clash until they are left hanging from

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3380-467: The title role of the Predator . Set ten years after the events of the first film, in Los Angeles , Predator 2 focuses on a disgruntled police officer and his allies battling a malevolent and technologically advanced extraterrestrial known as the Predator. Upon release, the film received generally negative reviews and earned a moderate box office return, grossing $ 57 million worldwide, compared to

3445-543: The wearer. Predator 2 Predator 2 is a 1990 American science fiction action film written by brothers Jim and John Thomas , directed by Stephen Hopkins , and starring Danny Glover , Gary Busey , Ruben Blades , María Conchita Alonso , Bill Paxton , and Kevin Peter Hall . It is the second installment of the Predator franchise , and sequel to 1987's Predator , with Kevin Peter Hall reprising

3510-609: Was Los Angeles, blighted by gang warfare during a severe heat wave , creating the ideal "hot spot" in which the Predator hunts targets. The script was then developed in just three weeks. A goal of the sequel was to expand on the Predator's origins and motives, showing the creature has been visiting the planet for centuries, is not psychopathic, but just interested in hunting, and exploring its spacecraft's interior. Producer Joel Silver invited director Stephen Hopkins , who drew his interest while directing A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child . As Hopkins joined production before

3575-599: Was a surprise hit, and Winston's work in bringing the titular metallic killing machine to life led to many new projects and additional collaborations with Cameron. In fact, Winston won his first Academy Award for Best Visual Effects in 1986 on James Cameron's next movie, Aliens . Over the next few years, Winston and his company received more accolades for its work on many more Hollywood films, including Tim Burton 's Edward Scissorhands , John McTiernan 's Predator , Alien Nation , The Monster Squad , and Predator 2 . In 1988, Winston made his directorial debut with

3640-535: Was based on an original concept of Michael Jackson and Stephen King . The long-form music video presented a number of never before seen visual effects, and promoted music from Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix , which went on to become the biggest selling remix album of all time (13 million). In 2001, Winston, together with Colleen Camp and Samuel Z. Arkoff 's son, Lou Arkoff , produced

3705-472: Was because he'd had worked with AIP in there last years providing special effects for The Bat People (1974) and start a toy line with action figures from the aforementioned four film remakes. In 2002 Winston helped to launch a new comic line, Stan Winston's Realm Of The Claw / Mutant Earth which was a flip book and ran for 4 issues. Stan Winston's Trakk Monster Hunter came out in 2003 and ran for 2 issues. These were published by Image Comics. In 2003, Winston

3770-606: Was born on April 7, 1946, in Richmond, Virginia to a Jewish family, where he graduated from Washington-Lee High School in 1964. He studied painting and sculpture at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville , from which he graduated in 1968. In 1969, after attending California State University, Long Beach , Winston moved to Hollywood to pursue a career as an actor. Struggling to find an acting job, he began

3835-705: Was invited by the Smithsonian Institution to speak about his life and career in a public presentation sponsored by The Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation. The presentation took place on November 15, 2003, at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History . Winston also worked on Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines . By April 2003, Winston was working on his next project, Jurassic Park IV . By April 2005, Winston said

3900-627: Was made for Lon Chaney Jr. to wear in The Wolfman, though application of the hair for the titular character could take up to 16 hours. Foam latex was first used by makeup artist Jack Dawn for The Wizard of Oz in 1939 to create the makeup for the Cowardly Lion and Scarecrow. It wasn't until John Chambers 's work on Planet of the Apes in 1968 that prosthetics transitioned from full face appliances to smaller, overlapping pieces which afforded

3965-447: Was nominated for another Tim Burton film, the superhero sequel Batman Returns , where he designed the makeup prosthetics for Danny DeVito 's Penguin . Additionally, his studio was commissioned to create robotic penguin puppets that were used throughout the film. Winston turned his attention from super villains and cyborgs to dinosaurs when Steven Spielberg enlisted his help to bring Michael Crichton 's Jurassic Park to

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4030-549: Was released on December 1, 1990, by the publishing company Jove . It briefly covers the fate of Dutch from the first film. Keyes recalls memories of speaking with the battered Major while infirmed in a hospital, suffering from radiation sickness. Dutch is said to have escaped from the hospital, never to be seen again. It tells a great deal of the story from the Predator's point of view, such as its humiliation of having its mask removed by Harrigan and its reasoning for not killing Cantrell due to its discovery of her pregnancy. The film

4095-644: Was released on VHS and LaserDisc in 1991, on DVD in 2003, a two-disc special edition in January 2005, on Blu-ray on June 9, 2009, in North America, and 4K UHD Blu-Ray on August 7, 2018. Released on November 21, 1990, Predator 2 was #4 at the US box office in its opening weekend, with a gross of over $ 8 million behind the films Dances with Wolves , Three Men and a Little Lady , Rocky V , and Twentieth Century Fox's own film Home Alone . The film grossed

4160-535: Was revolutionized by Christopher Tucker whose work on The Elephant Man was considered so ground breaking that when it failed to win any recognition at the 53rd Academy Awards letters of protests argued for it to receive an honorary award – this was ignored but did lead to the creation of the Academy Award for Best Makeup the following year. Before sculpted prosthetic appliances became standard, special effects makeup artists would have to build up forms on

4225-409: Was with his wife and two children, actor Matt Winston and Debbie Winston. Arnold Schwarzenegger made a public speech about his death, and Jon Favreau dedicated his Spike TV Scream Award to him upon receiving the award for Best Sci-Fi Movie for Iron Man . Terminator Salvation is dedicated to both Winston and Joseph R. Kubicek Sr, with the dedication appearing at both the beginning and end of

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