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35-511: The city's name is of Pomeranian ( Kashubian ) origin and stands for old ( stari ) town/city ( gard or gôrd ). In this meaning, the term gard is still being used by the only surviving Pomeranian language speakers, the Kashubs . However, some experts say that the name is of proto-Norse origin: starn (star) and gate (as in English). The settlement was founded in the 8th century at

70-552: A dialect of Polish or a separate language. Stefan Ramułt (1859–1913) was fascinated by Florian Ceynowa and decidedly supported giving Kashubian the status of a full-fledged standard language. The Pomeranian language influenced the formation of other Polish language dialects, such as the Kociewski , Borowiacki and Krajniacki dialects. Undoubtedly, they belong to the Polish language, but they also have some features in common with

105-529: A more proper term." The word dialect was probably used by Ceynowa because he was a follower of Pan-Slavism , according to which all the Slavic languages were dialects of one Slavic language. In his later works, though, he called his language kaszébsko-słovjinsko móva . In 1893, Stefan Ramułt , the Jagiellonian University linguist, referred to the early history of Pomerania, publishing

140-535: A multi-sports club, now a men's association football team, best known for reaching the Polish Cup semi-final in 2015 . Stargard is twinned with: In The Cross Time Engineer science fiction series of novels the main character falsely claims Stargard origin to conceal he is a time traveler . Pomeranian language The Pomeranian language ( Polish : pomorszczyzna or język pomorski ; German: Pomoranisch or die pomoranische Sprache )

175-517: A result of the war, the population decreased by about 75%. In accordance to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia , in 1653 it was incorporated, together with the rest of Farther Pomerania , into Brandenburg-Prussia . In 1701 Stargard became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and in 1818, after the Napoleonic Wars , Stargard became part of the new district Szadzko (then officially Saatzig ) within

210-670: Is in the Pomeranian group of Lechitic languages (Polish: grupa pomorska języków lechickich ; German: die pomoranische Gruppe der lechischen Sprachen ) within the West Slavic languages . In medieval contexts, it refers to the dialects spoken by the Slavic Pomeranians . In modern contexts, the term is sometimes used synonymously with " Kashubian " and may also include extinct Slovincian . The name Pomerania comes from Slavic po moře , which means "[land] by

245-565: Is increasingly seen as a fully-fledged language, as it is taught in state schools and has some limited usage on public radio and television. A bill passed by the Polish parliament in 2005 recognizes it as a regional language in the Republic of Poland and provides for its use in official contexts in 10 communes where its speakers constitute at least 20% of the population. Russian Partition Too Many Requests If you report this error to

280-634: The Dictionary of the Pomoranian i.e. Kashubian Language . In the preface, Ramułt wrote: and Friedrich Lorentz (the author of Pomeranian Grammar and The History of Pomeranian/Kashubian Language ) referred in his works to Ramułt's dictionary. After Lorentz died, Friedhelm Hinze published a Pomeranian dictionary in five volumes ( Pomoranisches Wörterbuch ), which was based on Lorentz's writing. The Pomeranian language, and its only surviving form, Kashubian, traditionally have not been recognized by

315-529: The Hanseatic League . As a result of the ongoing fragmentation of Pomerania, in 1368 Stargard became part of the Duchy of Słupsk (Pomerania-Stolp) and in 1377 it became the capital of a separate eponymous duchy, which in 1403 fell back to Duchy of Słupsk, a vassal state of the Kingdom of Poland . In 1478 Stargard became part of the reunified Duchy of Pomerania. In the meantime, the trade rivalry with

350-857: The Province of Pomerania . During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the Prussians established a prisoner-of-war camp for French troops in the city. As a result of the unification of Germany in 1871 the city became part of the German Empire . On 1 April 1901 it became an independent city , separate from the Saatzig District. According to the Prussian census of 1905, Stargard had a population of 26,907, of which 97% were Germans and 3% were Poles . During World War I ,

385-587: The Ravensbrück concentration camp , one in Stargard and one in the present-day district of Kluczewo, as well as seven forced labour camps. The Polish resistance organized a district of the Union of Armed Struggle and Home Army in Stargard, under the cryptonym "Starka". Polish underground press was distributed in the city. In February 1945, one of the last German armoured offensives, Operation Solstice ,

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420-644: The Germans operated a prisoner-of-war camp in Stargard, which housed in total some 50,000 POWs, including Russian (including ethnic Poles from the Russian Partition of Poland conscripted to the Tsarist army), French (including Algerians), Belgian, American, English, Serbian, Romanian, Portuguese, Italian and Japanese. In interwar Germany, the town was the site of a concentration camp for unwanted Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. The Stargarder Zeitung

455-669: The High Middle Ages , German immigration and assimilation of the Slavic Pomeranians ( Ostsiedlung ) introduced Low German East Pomeranian , Central Pomeranian , and Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialects , which became dominant in Pomerania except for some areas in the east, where the populace remained largely Slavic and continued to use the Slavic Pomeranian language. This was especially

490-784: The Kociewski dialects and the Kashubian language is, for example, the partial preservation of the so-called "TarT" group and a part of its lexis. For the Borowiacki dialects and the Pomeranian language, the common feature was affrication of dorsal consonants. The Pomeranian language also influenced the Low German dialects, which were used in Pomerania . After Germanisation , the population of Western Pomerania started to use

525-458: The Low German dialects. Those dialects, though, were influenced by the Pomeranian language (Slavic). Most words originating from Pomeranian can be found in vocabulary connected with fishery and farming. The word Zeese / Zehse may serve as an example. It describes a kind of a fishing net and is still known in the Low German dialects of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern today. The word comes from

560-730: The Old Polish dialects. At the same time, he classified the extant Kashubian and Slovincian dialects as belonging to the Modern Polish language. Other linguists relate the Pomeranian language to the Polabian group of dialects (forming the Pomeranian-Polabian group). After Slovincian and all the Pomeranian dialects (except Kashubian) became extinct, the Kashubian language is the term most often used in relation to

595-548: The Pomeranian language which has been used in everyday German language and has appeared in dictionaries is the phrase " dalli, dalli " (it means: come on, come on). It moved to the German language through the German dialects of West Prussia , and is also present in the Kashubian language (spelled: dali, dali ). The classification of the Pomeranian ethnolect is problematic. It was classified by Aleksander Brückner as one of

630-460: The Pomeranian language, which proves their character was transitional. Friedrich Lorentz supposed that the Kociewski and Borewiacki dialects first belonged to the Pomeranian language and were then Polonized as a result of the Polish colonization of these territories. According to Lorentz, the Krajniacki dialect most probably was originally a part of the Polish language. The common feature of

665-423: The area of Koszalin to Pomerelia. While Western Pomerania was being Germanized, the Germans (both colonizers and Germanized descendants of Slavic Pomeranians) started using the words "Pomeranian" ( German : Pommersch ; Polish: pomorski ) and "Pomeranians" ( German : Pommern ; Polish : Pomorzacy ) referring to their own population. The part of the Pomeranian population which kept their Slavic language

700-520: The case in Pomerelia , where the Slavic population became known as Kashubians and their language accordingly as Kashubian . An insular Slavic Pomeranian dialect spoken northwest of Kashubia until the 20th century became known as Slovincian . It is disputed whether Slovincian may be regarded as a dialect of Kashubian or a separate language. Likewise, it is disputed whether Kashubian may be regarded as

735-484: The city suffered a flood. In 1993 the city celebrated the 750th anniversary of receiving city rights. In 2004 a north-western part of the town was made into an industrial park - Stargardzki Park Przemysłowy . Another industrial park is located in the south - Park Przemysłowy Wysokich Technologii. On January 1, 2016, the town was renamed back to Stargard . Heavy bombing during World War II devastated most of Stargard's fine historical sites and destroyed over 75% of

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770-616: The city. Some of these monuments, such as St. Mary's Church (13th–15th centuries) and the 16th-century town hall, have been rebuilt. The newly restored buildings are on the European Route of Brick Gothic . Some of the notable surviving examples include: Other sites include: The city is home to Spójnia Stargard , a men's basketball team, which competes in the Polish Basketball League (the country's top division), 1997 runners-up, and Błękitni Stargard , formerly

805-473: The language spoken by the Pomeranians . However, it is still not clear from where the words "Kashubians" and "Kashubian" ( Polish : Kaszubi and Kaszubski , Kashubian : Kaszëbi and kaszëbsczi ) originated and how they were brought from the area near Koszalin to Pomerelia. None of the theories proposed has been widely accepted so far. There is also no indication that Pomeranians wandered from

840-750: The large prisoner-of-war camp Stalag II-D . Then, after the battle of France in 1940, also the French , the Dutch and Belgians were held there, from 1941 also Yugoslavian and Soviet POWs, from 1942 also thousands of Canadians captured at Dieppe , one of whom was Gerald MacIntosh Johnston , a Canadian actor, who was killed trying to escape, and after 1943 also Italians . The POWs were subjected to racial segregation , and Poles, Africans, Arabs, Jews and Soviet troops were separated from POWs of other nationalities and subjected to worse treatment. Serbs also faced more severe treatment. There were also two subcamps of

875-507: The majority of Polish linguists, and have been treated in Poland as "the most distinct dialect of Polish". However, there have also been some Polish linguists who treated Pomeranian as a separate language. The most prominent of them were Stefan Ramułt , and Alfred Majewicz , who overtly called Kashubian a language in the 1980s. Following the collapse of communism in Poland , attitudes on the status of Kashubian have been gradually changing. It

910-468: The most important towns and a major trade centre of the Duchy of Pomerania , after it split off from Poland as a result of the 12th-century fragmentation of Poland. From 1283, the city had a port at the mouth of the Ina River in the nowadays abandoned village of Inoujście . Defensive city walls were built in the 13th century and expanded in the 14th, 15th and early 16th centuries. In 1363 the city joined

945-599: The nearby city of Szczecin led to the outbreak of the Stargard-Szczecin war in 1454, which ended in 1464. In 1477 Stargard helped Duke Wartislaw X recapture the town of Gartz during a Brandenburgian invasion. Stargard was part of the Duchy of Pomerania until its dissolution after the death of the last duke Bogislaw XIV in 1637. During the Thirty Years' War the city was captured by Sweden in 1630. It

980-419: The old Pomeranian word of the same meaning: seza . It moved to Kashubian and Slovincian dialects through Low German, and appeared in Pomeranian dictionaries as ceza meaning "flounder and perch fishing net". Thus, it is a "reverse loan-word" as the Pomeranian language borrowed the word from Low German in which it functioned as a " Pomoranism " (a borrowing from the Pomeranian language). A borrowing from

1015-969: The sea". During the early medieval Slavic migrations , the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers was settled by tribes grouped as Pomeranians . Their dialects, sometimes referred to as Ancient Pomeranian, had a transitory character between the Polabian dialects spoken west of Pomerania and the Old Polish dialects spoken to the southeast. The earliest text written in Pomerania comes from 1304, published in 1881-1882 in Pommerellisches Urkundenbuch . Universis Christi fidelibus, ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, Venzeke prawi curriwi sin de Solkowe, felicitatem in domino sempiternam Universis Christi fidelibus, ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, Więcek prawy kur[ri]wi syn de Sul[ech]owo, felicitatem in domino sempiternam. During

1050-456: The site of the present-day district of Osetno near downtown Stargard. In 967 it became part of the emerging Polish state under the first Polish rulers from the Piast dynasty . Stargard was first mentioned in 1124, when it was part of Poland under Bolesław III Wrymouth . A church was founded in 1140. Stargard received Magdeburg city rights in 1243 from Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania . It was one of

1085-624: Was as a local newspaper published in Stargard. In the March 1933 German federal election the Nazi Party received 58.7% of the vote in the city. In 1939, during the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II , the Germans established the Dulag L temporary camp for Polish (including Kashubian ) prisoners of war and civilians near Stargard, which in October 1939 was transformed into

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1120-673: Was besieged by the troops of the Holy Roman Empire in 1635, and in order to hamper the attacks the Swedish commander set fire to the suburbs, causing a city fire, however, it was still captured by imperial troops. In 1636 it was recaptured by the Swedes, then it was taken and plundered by Imperial troops to fall back to the Swedes again after the Battle of Wittstock . In 1637 it was again captured by Imperial troops and then by Sweden. As

1155-621: Was called the Wends ( German : Wenden ) or the Kashubians ( German : Kaschuben ). As the West lost its Slavic character, those two terms were more often used in the East. In 1850, in the preface to his Kashubian-Russian dictionary, Florian Ceynowa wrote about the language of Baltic Slavic peoples: "Usually it is called the 'Kashubian language', although the 'Pomeranian-Slovenian dialect' would be

1190-538: Was launched from the Stargard area. The local population was evacuated by the Germans on the order of Heinrich Himmler before the approaching Soviets in the final stages of the war. As a result of World War II the town again became part of Poland, under territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference . Polish local administration was appointed on March 23, 1945. The town

1225-529: Was repopulated by Poles, many of whom were displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union . In 1950 the city was renamed Stargard Szczeciński by adding the adjective Szczeciński after the nearby city of Szczecin to distinguish it from Starogard Gdański in Gdańsk Pomerania . In 1961 the city limits were expanded by including the settlement of Kluczewo as a new district. In 1979

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