74-1816: Steffen is a surname and given name , and may refer to: Surname [ edit ] Albert Steffen (1884–1963), Swiss poet, painter, and novelist Alex Steffen (b. 1968), American writer and environmental futurist Anthony Steffen (1929–2004), Brazilian actor; acted in many spaghetti westerns Britta Steffen (b. 1983), German Olympic swimmer Clare E. Steffen (b. 1954), American psychologist David Steffen , American businessman and politician Hans Steffen (1865–1937), German geographer and explorer of Patagonia Jason Steffen (b. 1975), American physicist Jim Steffen (1936–2015), American football player Kai Steffen (born 1961), German football player Konrad Steffen (1952-2020), Swiss glaciologist and Arctic climate researcher Otto Steffen (b. 1874, d. unknown), American Olympic gymnast Renato Steffen (born 1991), Swiss football player Sonja Steffen (b. 1963), German politician Thomas L. Steffen (1930–2020), American judge Waldemar Steffen (b. 1872, d. unknown), German Olympic track and field athlete Walter Steffen (1886–1937), American professional football player Willi Steffen (1925–2005), Swiss football player William L. Steffen (1947–2023), Australian climate science expert and researcher Zack Steffen (born 1995), American soccer player Given name [ edit ] Steffen Dittes (born 1973), German politician Steffen Frølund (born 1984), Danish politician Steffen Grosse (born 1967), German politician Steffen Jürgens (born 1967), German actor and film director Steffen Larsen (born 1983), Danish politician Steffen Tangstad (1959–2024), Norwegian boxer See also [ edit ] Steffen Glacier in
148-526: A comma, and items are alphabetized by the last name. In France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Latin America, administrative usage is to put the surname before the first on official documents. In most Balto-Slavic languages (such as Latvian, Lithuanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Slovak, Czech, etc.) as well as in Greek , Irish, Icelandic , and Azerbaijani , some surnames change form depending on
222-578: A famous ancestor, or the place of origin; but they were not universal. For example, Hunayn ibn Ishaq (fl. 850 AD) was known by the nisbah "al-'Ibadi", a federation of Arab Christian tribes that lived in Mesopotamia prior to the advent of Islam . In Ancient Greece, as far back as the Archaic Period clan names and patronymics ("son of") were also common, as in Aristides as Λῡσῐμᾰ́χου –
296-464: A genitive singular form meaning son of Lysimachus. For example, Alexander the Great was known as Heracleides , as a supposed descendant of Heracles , and by the dynastic name Karanos / Caranus , which referred to the founder of the dynasty to which he belonged . These patronymics are already attested for many characters in the works of Homer . At other times formal identification commonly included
370-619: A number of sources, was an English nickname meaning "effeminate". A group of nicknames look like occupational ones: King , Bishop , Abbot , Sheriff , Knight , etc. but it is rather unlikely that a person with surname King was a king or descended from a king. Bernard Deacon suggests that the first nickname/surname bearer may have acted as a king or bishop, or was corpulent as bishop. etc. A considerable group of surname-producing nicknames may be found among ethnonymic surnames . Ornamental surnames are made up of names, not specific to any attribute (place, parentage, occupation, caste) of
444-631: A ring name of American professional wrestler Aron Haddad Asa Stevens (born 2000), American boxer Brad Stevens (born 1976), American basketball coach Chase Stevens (born 1979), American professional wrestler Curtis Stevens (boxer) (born 1985), American boxer Dennis Stevens (1933–2012), English footballer for Bolton Wanderers, Everton, Oldham Athletic and Tranmere Rovers Félix Stevens (born 1964), Cuban sprinter Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1954) , English footballer Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1962) (born 1962), another English footballer Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1963) ,
518-736: A surname tradition. Ornamental surnames are more common in communities that adopted (or were forced to adopt) surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries. They occur commonly in Scandinavia, and among Sinti and Roma and Jews in Germany and Austria. During the era of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade many Africans were given new names by their masters. Many of the family names of many African-Americans have their origins in slavery ( i.e. slave name ). Some freed slaves later created family names themselves. Another category of acquired names
592-602: Is Velbienė , and his unmarried daughter, Velbaitė . Many surnames include prefixes that may or may not be separated by a space or punctuation from the main part of the surname. These are usually not considered true compound names, rather single surnames are made up of more than one word. These prefixes often give hints about the type or origin of the surname (patronymic, toponymic, notable lineage) and include words that mean from [a place or lineage], and son of/daughter of/child of. The common Celtic prefixes "Ó" or "Ua" (descendant of) and "Mac" or "Mag" (son of) can be spelled with
666-521: Is foundlings names. Historically, children born to unwed parents or extremely poor parents would be abandoned in a public place or anonymously placed in a foundling wheel . Such abandoned children might be claimed and named by religious figures, the community leaders, or adoptive parents. Some such children were given surnames that reflected their condition, like (Italian) Esposito , Innocenti , Della Casagrande , Trovato , Abbandonata, or (Dutch) Vondeling, Verlaeten, Bijstand. Other children were named for
740-488: Is a traditional, although common, interpretation, since in most countries a person has a right for a name change . Depending on culture, the surname may be placed at either the start of a person's name, or at the end. The number of surnames given to an individual also varies: in most cases it is just one, but in Portuguese-speaking countries and many Spanish-speaking countries, two surnames (one inherited from
814-546: Is also customary for the Baltic Finnic peoples and the Hungarians , but other Uralic peoples traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the clan structure of their societies. The Samis , depending on the circumstances of their names, either saw no change or did see a transformation of their name. For example: Sire in some cases became Siri, and Hætta Jáhkoš Ásslat became Aslak Jacobsen Hætta – as
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#1732793085716888-545: Is also the name of one of Japan's prefectures ), Yamamoto (山本) means "the base of the mountain", and Inoue (井上) means "above the well". Arabic names sometimes contain surnames that denote the city of origin. For example, in cases of Saddam Hussein al Tikriti, meaning Saddam Hussein originated from Tikrit , a city in Iraq . This component of the name is called a nisbah . The meanings of some names are unknown or unclear. The most common European name in this category may be
962-659: Is also the case in Cambodia and among the Hmong of Laos and Thailand . The Telugu people of south India also place surname before personal name. There are some parts of Europe, in particular Hungary , where the surname is placed before the personal name. Since family names are normally written last in European societies, the terms last name or surname are commonly used for the family name, while in Japan (with vertical writing)
1036-523: Is called onomastics . While the use of given names to identify individuals is attested in the oldest historical records, the advent of surnames is relatively recent. Many cultures have used and continue to use additional descriptive terms in identifying individuals. These terms may indicate personal attributes, location of origin, occupation, parentage, patronage, adoption, or clan affiliation. In China, according to legend, family names started with Emperor Fu Xi in 2000 BC. His administration standardised
1110-410: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Surname A surname , family name , or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times the "hereditary" requirement
1184-413: Is placed before personal / first name and in most cases it is only shown as an initial (for example 'S.' for Suryapeth). In English and other languages like Spanish—although the usual order of names is "first middle last"—for the purpose of cataloging in libraries and in citing the names of authors in scholarly papers, the order is changed to "last, first middle," with the last and first names separated by
1258-953: The Aboriginal Islander Dance Theatre in the 1980s Morgan Stevens (1951–2022), American actor Onslow Stevens (1902–1977), American actor Robert Stevens (director) (1920–1989), American film director Ruth Stevens (1903–1989), Swedish actress Shadoe Stevens (born 1947), American radio host, voice actor, and television personality Stella Stevens (1938–2023), American actress Religion [ edit ] Abel Stevens (1815–1897), American editor, author and Methodist minister Thomas Stevens (bishop) , first Bishop of Barking Sports [ edit ] Amin Stevens (born 1990), American professional basketball player for Elitzur Kiryat Ata in Israel Aron Stevens (born 1982),
1332-680: The Arab world , the use of patronymics is well attested. The famous scholar Rhazes ( c. 865–925 AD ) is referred to as "al-Razi" (lit. the one from Ray) due to his origins from the city of Ray , Iran. In the Levant , surnames were in use as early as the High Middle Ages and it was common for people to derive their surname from a distant ancestor, and historically the surname would be often preceded with 'ibn' or 'son of'. Arab family names often denote either one's tribe , profession ,
1406-1837: The Northern Patagonian Ice Field v t e Surnames associated with the given name Stephen Greek Stephanos [REDACTED] Germanic Fitzstephen Steenson Steevens Stenson Stefan Stefanowitz (from Slavic) Stefansson Steffen Steffensen Stephan Stephans Stephen Stephens Stephensen Stephenson Stevens Stevenson Stinson Romance De Stefano DeStefano Di Stefano Distefano Esteves Estevez Estienne Étienne Ștefan Stefani Ștefănescu Stefano Stefanoni Slavic Stec Stefan Stefanik /Štefánik Stefanko Stefanov Stefanovski Stefanovsky Stefanovic Stefanowicz Stefanović Stefański Stepanovich Stepanović Stepan Stepankov Stepanov Stepanovsky / Štepanovský Stepanenko Stepanets Stepanchenko Stepančić Stepanchuk Stepanishchev Stepaniv Stepantsev Stepantsov Stepanyuk Stepashin Stepashkin Stepinac Stepun Stepushkin Stets Stetsenko Steshenko Stetskiv Stetsko Stevanović Stipančić Stipanovich Stjepanović Styopin Styopkin Štěch Štefan Štěpán Štěpánek Other Stepanovs Stepanyan Stepanyants Steponavičius [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
1480-444: The surname Steffen . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steffen&oldid=1241428444 " Categories : Surnames Surnames from given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1554-730: The surname Stevens . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stevens_(surname)&oldid=1247967877 " Categories : Surnames Surnames of British Isles origin English-language surnames Surnames of Belgian origin Dutch-language surnames Patronymic surnames Surnames from given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
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#17327930857161628-600: The -is suffix will have the -i suffix. Latvian, like Lithuanian, uses strictly feminized surnames for women, even in the case of foreign names. The function of the suffix is purely grammatical. Male surnames ending -e or -a need not be modified for women. Exceptions are: In Iceland, surnames have a gender-specific suffix (-dóttir = daughter, -son = son). This was also the case in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, until they were abolished by law in 1856, 1923, and 1966 respectively. Finnish used gender-specific suffixes up to 1929 when
1702-475: The 11th century by the barons in England. English surnames began as a way of identifying a certain aspect of that individual, such as by trade, father's name, location of birth, or physical features, and were not necessarily inherited. By 1400 most English families, and those from Lowland Scotland, had adopted the use of hereditary surnames. The study of proper names (in family names, personal names, or places)
1776-1641: The British colonial government in India Frederick W. Stevens (physicist) (1861–1932), American physicist who did research on gaseous explosive reactions George Phillip Stevens (1861–1941), Australian wireless experimenter and public servant John Stevens (inventor, born 1749) (1749–1838), U.S. inventor, recipient of the first American railroad charter John Frank Stevens (1853–1943), U.S. engineer (Great Northern Railway, Panama Canal) Malcolm Stevens (born 1938), English chemist and FRS Molly Stevens (born 1974), English biomedical researcher and professor Neil Everett Stevens (1887–1949), U.S. mycologist and plant pathologist Nettie Stevens (1861–1912), U.S. biologist and geneticist Perdita Stevens (born 1966), British mathematician and computer scientist Peter Stevens (car designer) (born 1945), British car designer Stanley Smith Stevens (1906–1973), U.S. psychologist W. Richard Stevens (1951–1999), author of UNIX and TCP/IP books Academia [ edit ] Albert K. Stevens (1901–1984), U.S. professor and activist Rosemary A. Stevens , American medical historian Business [ edit ] Edwin A. Stevens (1795–1868), U.S. philanthropist and entrepreneur Edwin Augustus Stevens Jr. (1858–1918), marine engineer and business co-founder John Austin Stevens (1795–1874), American banker Kenneth H. Stevens (1922–2005), executive of
1850-533: The Eastern Roman Empire, however it was not until the 11th century that surnames came to be used in West Europe. Medieval Spain used a patronymic system. For example, Álvaro, a son of Rodrigo, would be named Álvaro Rodríguez. His son, Juan, would not be named Juan Rodríguez, but Juan Álvarez. Over time, many of these patronymics became family names, and they are some of the most common names in
1924-611: The Indiana Supreme Court, abolitionist Ted Stevens (1923–2010), U.S. politician, U.S. Senator from Alaska Thaddeus Stevens (1792–1868) US Congressman from Pennsylvania, a leader of the Radical Republicans and a fierce opponent of slavery Other countries [ edit ] Jengo Stevens , Sierra Leonean politician Jimmy Stevens (politician) (1910s or 1920s–1994), Ni-Vanuatu politician Jo Stevens (born 1966), Labour Party politician in
1998-574: The Irish name Ryan , which means 'little king' in Irish. Also, Celtic origin of the name Arthur, meaning ' bear '. Other surnames may have arisen from more than one source: the name De Luca , for instance, likely arose either in or near Lucania or in the family of someone named Lucas or Lucius; in some instances, however, the name may have arisen from Lucca, with the spelling and pronunciation changing over time and with emigration. The same name may appear in different cultures by coincidence or romanization;
2072-519: The Marriage Act forced women to use the husband's form of the surname. In 1985, this clause was removed from the act. Until at least 1850, women's surnames were suffixed with an -in in Tyrol. Some Slavic cultures originally distinguished the surnames of married and unmarried women by different suffixes, but this distinction is no longer widely observed. Some Czech dialects (Southwest-Bohemian) use
2146-732: The Netherlands (1795–1811), Japan (1870s), Thailand (1920), and Turkey (1934). The structure of the Japanese name was formalized by the government as family name + given name in 1868. In Breslau Prussia enacted the Hoym Ordinance in 1790, mandating the adoption of Jewish surnames. Napoleon also insisted on Jews adopting fixed names in a decree issued in 1808. Names can sometimes be changed to protect individual privacy (such as in witness protection ), or in cases where groups of people are escaping persecution. After arriving in
2220-485: The Old English element tūn may have originally meant "enclosure" in one name, but can have meant "farmstead", "village", "manor", or "estate" in other names. Location names, or habitation names, may be as generic as "Monte" (Portuguese for "mountain"), "Górski" (Polish for "hill"), or "Pitt" (variant of "pit"), but may also refer to specific locations. "Washington", for instance, is thought to mean "the homestead of
2294-595: The Pirates' star player, Galactik Football Mr. Stevens, the butler in Kazuo Ishiguro's 1989 novel The Remains of the Day Bebe Stevens , from TV series South Park Chris Stevens ( Northern Exposure ) Erik Stevens, a character from Black Panther (film) Izzie Stevens , Grey's Anatomy Niki Stevens , a character on The L Word Serena Stevens , a fictional character in
Steffen - Misplaced Pages Continue
2368-1752: The Queensland Legislative Assembly and of the Queensland Legislative Council Henry Stevens (Australian politician) (1854–1935), Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly James Stevens (Australian politician) (born 1983), Member of the Australian House of Representatives Ray Stevens (politician) (born 1953), Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly Canada [ edit ] Henry Herbert Stevens (1878–1973), Canadian politician and businessman Ron Stevens (1949–2014), Canadian politician Sinclair Stevens (1927–2016), Canadian politician United States [ edit ] Andrew F. Stevens , African American banker and Pennsylvania state legislator Ben Stevens (1959–2022), U.S. politician, Alaska State Senator, son of Ted Stevens Durham Stevens (1851–1908), an American diplomat and later an employee of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ephraim E. Stevens (1851–1907), American architect and politician in Wisconsin Frederick P. Stevens (1810–1866), mayor of Buffalo, New York Hestor L. Stevens (1803–1864), U.S. Representative from Michigan Isaac Stevens (1818–1862), first governor of Washington Territory, brigadier general in
2442-701: The Rosenkrantz ("rose wreath") family took their surname from a wreath of roses comprising the torse of their arms, and the Gyldenstierne ("golden star") family took theirs from a 7-pointed gold star on their shield. Subsequently, many middle-class Scandinavian families desired names similar to those of the nobles and adopted "ornamental" surnames as well. Most other naming traditions refer to them as "acquired". They might be given to people newly immigrated, conquered, or converted, as well as those with unknown parentage, formerly enslaved, or from parentage without
2516-599: The Scouts Association Richard Stevens (1868–1919), French-born attorney and U.S. real estate developer Robert L. Stevens (1787–1856), U.S. railroad executive Roger L. Stevens (1910–1998), American theatrical producer, arts administrator, and real estate executive Simon Stevens (1974-), Disability Consultant Politics [ edit ] Australia [ edit ] Bertram Stevens (1889–1973), 25th Premier of New South Wales Ernest James Stevens (1845–1922), Member of
2590-557: The Spanish-speaking world today. Other sources of surnames are personal appearance or habit, e.g. Delgado ("thin") and Moreno ("dark"); geographic location or ethnicity, e.g. Alemán ("German"); and occupations, e.g. Molinero ("miller"), Zapatero ("shoe-maker") and Guerrero ("warrior"), although occupational names are much more often found in a shortened form referring to the trade itself, e.g. Molina ("mill"), Guerra ("war"), or Zapata (archaic form of zapato , "shoe"). In England
2664-735: The Union Army J. Christopher Stevens (1960–2012), an American diplomat and lawyer killed during the 2012 Benghazi attack in Libya John Stevens (New Jersey politician) (c. 1716–1792), U.S. politician, delegate to the Continental Congress John L. Stevens (1820–1895), U.S. diplomat John Paul Stevens (1920–2019), U.S. Supreme Court justice Richard Y. Stevens , U.S. politician (North Carolina) Robert T. Stevens (1899–1983), U.S. businessman and politician Stephen Stevens (1793–1870) Justice of
2738-637: The United Kingdom, Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiff Central since 2015 John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington , (born 1942), former Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, London Siaka Stevens (1905–1988), former President of Sierra Leone Military [ edit ] Ebenezer Stevens (1751–1823), American Revolutionary War figure and New York merchant Jack Stevens (1896–1969), Australian general Thomas Holdup Stevens (1795–1841), American naval admiral in
2812-642: The United States, European Jews who fled Nazi persecution sometimes anglicized their surnames to avoid discrimination. Governments can also forcibly change people's names, as when the National Socialist government of Germany assigned German names to European people in the territories they conquered. In the 1980s, the People's Republic of Bulgaria forcibly changed the first and last names of its Turkish citizens to Bulgarian names. These are
2886-462: The War of 1812 Thomas H. Stevens, Jr. (1819–1896), American naval admiral History [ edit ] Alzina Stevens (1849–1900), American labor leader, journalist John Stevens (immigrant) (1682–1737), immigrant to British America, Port Collector at Perth Amboy, New Jersey John Austin Stevens (1827–1910), U.S. historian and businessman John H. Stevens (1820–1900), considered to be
2960-705: The Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, family names were uncommon in the Eastern Roman Empire . In Western Europe, where Germanic culture dominated the aristocracy, family names were almost non-existent. They would not significantly reappear again in Eastern Roman society until the 10th century, apparently influenced by the familial affiliations of the Armenian military aristocracy. The practice of using family names spread through
3034-1758: The best known of several English footballers with this name Gary Stevens (jockey) (born 1963), American jockey Gary Stevens (rugby league) (born 1944, fl. 2013), Australian rugby league player Gina Stevens , retired Australian basketball player Greer Stevens (born 1957), South African tennis player Greville Stevens (1901–1970), English cricketer Huub Stevens (born 1953), Dutch footballer and coach JaCoby Stevens (born 1998), American football player Jessica Stevens (born 2000), American trampoline gymnast John Cox Stevens (1785–1857), American yacht sailor Kevin Stevens (born 1965), American ice hockey player Kia Stevens (born 1977), American women's professional wrestler Kirk Stevens (born 1958), Canadian professional snooker player Lamar Stevens (born 1997), American basketball player Les Stevens (footballer) , (1920–1991) English footballer Matt Stevens (quarterback) (born 1964), American football player Matt Stevens (rugby union) (born 1982), British rugby union player Matt Stevens (safety) (born 1973), American football player Matthew Stevens (born 1977), Welsh professional snooker player Monica Stevens (born 1967), Antigua and Barbuda sprinter Patrick Stevens (born 1968), Belgian sprinter Paul Stevens (baseball) (born 1953), American college baseball coach R. C. Stevens (1934–2010), Major League Baseball first baseman Ray Stevens (wrestler) (1935–1996), American professional wrestler Raymond Stevens (judoka) (born 1963), English judoka Robyn Stevens (born 1983), American race walker Scott Stevens (born 1964), Canadian ice hockey player Thomas Stevens (cyclist) (1854–1935), British cyclist,
Steffen - Misplaced Pages Continue
3108-513: The cities and the need for new arrivals to choose a defining surname. In Portuguese-speaking countries , it is uncommon, but not unprecedented, to find surnames derived from names of countries, such as Portugal, França, Brasil, Holanda. Surnames derived from country names are also found in English, such as "England", "Wales", "Spain". Some Japanese surnames derive from geographical features; for example, Ishikawa (石川) means "stone river" (and
3182-461: The family name may be referred to as "upper name" ( ue-no-namae ( 上の名前 ) ). When people from areas using Eastern naming order write their personal name in the Latin alphabet , it is common to reverse the order of the given and family names for the convenience of Westerners, so that they know which name is the family name for official/formal purposes. Reversing the order of names for the same reason
3256-591: The family of Wassa", while "Lucci" means "resident of Lucca ". Although some surnames, such as "London", "Lisboa", or "Białystok" are derived from large cities, more people reflect the names of smaller communities, as in Ó Creachmhaoil , derived from a village in County Galway . This is thought to be due to the tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages for migration to chiefly be from smaller communities to
3330-634: The female form Nováková, the family name is Novákovi in Czech and Novákovci in Slovak. When the male form is Hrubý and the female form is Hrubá, the plural family name is Hrubí (or "rodina Hrubých"). In Greece, if a man called Papadopoulos has a daughter or wife, she will likely be named Papadopoulou, the genitive form, as if the daughter/wife is "of" a man named Papadopoulos. Likewise, the surnames of daughters and wives of males with surnames ending in -as will end in -a, and those of daughters and wives of males with
3404-411: The first person to acquire the name, and stem from the middle class's desire for their own hereditary names like the nobles. They were generally acquired later in history and generally when those without surnames needed them. In 1526, King Frederik I of Denmark-Norway ordered that noble families must take up fixed surnames, and many of them took as their name some element of their coat of arms; for example,
3478-581: The first person to circle the globe by bicycle Tommy Stevens (born 1996), American football player Science and technology [ edit ] Alexander Hodgdon Stevens (1789–1869), U.S. physician Austin Stevens (born 1950), South African herpetologist and documentary film maker Brooks Stevens (1911–1995), U.S. car designer Carly Stevens UK academic ecologist and soil geochemist Frank Lincoln Stevens (1871–1934), American mycologist and phytopathologist Frederick William Stevens (1847–1900), English architectural engineer who worked for
3552-733: The first settler in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota Robert Stevens (photo editor) (1938–2001), U.S. photo editor, 2001 anthrax attacks victim Thaddeus Stevens (1792–1868), U.S. lawyer famous for defending runaway slaves Miscellaneous [ edit ] Albert Stevens (disambiguation) Christine Stevens (1918–2002), American animal welfare activist and conservationist Michael Stevens (disambiguation) Gary Stevens (disambiguation) Joseph Stevens (disambiguation) Paul Stevens (disambiguation) Fictional characters [ edit ] The Stevens family, in Even Stevens , U.S. comedy television program Stevens,
3626-589: The form "Novákojc" as informal for both genders. In the culture of the Sorbs (a.k.a. Wends or Lusatians), Sorbian used different female forms for unmarried daughters (Jordanojc, Nowcyc, Kubašec, Markulic), and for wives (Nowakowa, Budarka, Nowcyna, Markulina). In Polish, typical surnames for unmarried women ended -ówna, -anka, or -ianka, while the surnames of married women used the possessive suffixes -ina or -owa. In Serbia, unmarried women's surnames ended in -eva, while married women's surnames ended in -ka. In Lithuania, if
3700-462: The gender of the bearer. In Slavic languages, substantivized adjective surnames have commonly symmetrical adjective variants for males and females (Podwiński/Podwińska in Polish, Nový/Nová in Czech or Slovak, etc.). In the case of nominative and quasi-nominative surnames, the female variant is derived from the male variant by a possessive suffix (Novák/Nováková, Hromada/Hromadová). In Czech and Slovak,
3774-456: The group. Female praenomina were less common, as women had reduced public influence, and were commonly known by the feminine form of the nomen alone. Later with the gradual influence of Greek and Christian culture throughout the Empire, Christian religious names were sometimes put in front of traditional cognomina , but eventually people reverted to single names. By the time of the fall of
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#17327930857163848-488: The husband is named Vilkas, his wife will be named Vilkienė and his unmarried daughter will be named Vilkaitė. Male surnames have suffixes -as, -is, -ius, or -us, unmarried girl surnames aitė, -ytė, -iūtė or -utė, wife surnames -ienė. These suffixes are also used for foreign names, exclusively for grammar; Welby, the surname of the present Archbishop of Canterbury for example, becomes Velbis in Lithuanian, while his wife
3922-542: The inhabited location associated with the person given that name. Such locations can be any type of settlement, such as homesteads, farms, enclosures, villages, hamlets, strongholds, or cottages. One element of a habitation name may describe the type of settlement. Examples of Old English elements are frequently found in the second element of habitational names. The habitative elements in such names can differ in meaning, according to different periods, different locations, or with being used with certain other elements. For example,
3996-593: The introduction of family names is generally attributed to the preparation of the Domesday Book in 1086, following the Norman Conquest . Evidence indicates that surnames were first adopted among the feudal nobility and gentry, and slowly spread to other parts of society. Some of the early Norman nobility who arrived in England during the Norman conquest differentiated themselves by affixing 'de' (of) before
4070-441: The mandate to have a surname. During the modern era many cultures around the world adopted family names, particularly for administrative reasons, especially during the age of European expansion and particularly since 1600. The Napoleonic Code, adopted in various parts of Europe, stipulated that people should be known by both their given name(s) and a family name that would not change across generations. Other notable examples include
4144-433: The mother and another from the father) are used for legal purposes. Depending on culture, not all members of a family unit are required to have identical surnames. In some countries, surnames are modified depending on gender and family membership status of a person. Compound surnames can be composed of separate names. Using names has been documented in even the oldest historical records. Examples of surnames are documented in
4218-2462: The name Iamisee Connie Stevens (born 1938), American singer and actress Denis Stevens (1922–2004), British musicologist Earl Tywone Stevens Sr. (born 1967), American rapper who records under the name "E-40" Herbert Stevens IV (born 1987), American hip-hop recording artist who records under the name "Ab-Soul" John Stevens (drummer) (1940–1994), British drummer in Spontaneous Music Ensemble John Stevens (singer) (born 1987), American singer and American Idol contestant Leigh Howard Stevens (born 1953), marimba artist Matthew Stevens (born 1982) Canadian jazz guitarist and composer Mike Stevens , Canadian harmonica player R. J. S. Stevens (Richard John Samuel) (1757–1837), English composer and organist Rachel Stevens (born 1978), British singer and actress Ray Stevens (born 1939), American country music singer and songwriter Risë Stevens (1913–2013), American mezzo-soprano Rogers Stevens (born 1970), American guitarist Roy Stevens (1916–1989), American trumpeter, co-author of Stevens-Costello Triple C Embouchure Technique (1971) Shakin' Stevens (born 1948), Welsh rock and roll singer Steve Stevens (born 1959), American rock guitarist Sufjan Stevens (born 1975), American musician and songwriter Performing arts [ edit ] Amber Stevens (born 1986), American actress Andrew Stevens (born 1955), American actor and film producer Angela Stevens (1925–2016), American actress Ashton Stevens (1872–1951), American drama critic Brinke Stevens (born 1954), American actress Brody Stevens (1970–2019), American comedian and actor Carrie Stevens (born 1969), American model and actress Craig Stevens (actor) (1918–2000), American actor D Stevens, American broadcast journalist, photojournalist, photographer and filmmaker Fisher Stevens (born 1963), American actor George Stevens (1904–1975), American film director Inger Stevens (1934–1970), American actress K. T. Stevens (1919–1994), American actress Landers Stevens (1877–1940), American actor Leslie Stevens (1924–1998), American television writer Louis Stevens (1896–1963), American screenwriter Michael Fenton Stevens (born 1958), British actor and comedian Monica Stevens (dancer) , Australian dancer with
4292-638: The name of their village in France. This is what is known as a territorial surname, a consequence of feudal landownership. By the 14th century, most English and most Scottish people used surnames and in Wales following unification under Henry VIII in 1536. A four-year study led by the University of the West of England , which concluded in 2016, analysed sources dating from the 11th to the 19th century to explain
4366-465: The naming system to facilitate census-taking, and the use of census information. Originally, Chinese surnames were derived matrilineally, although by the time of the Shang dynasty (1600 to 1046 BC) they had become patrilineal. Chinese women do not change their names upon marriage. In China, surnames have been the norm since at least the 2nd century BC. In the early Islamic period (640–900 AD) and
4440-412: The occupation of smith . There are also more complicated names based on occupational titles. In England it was common for servants to take a modified version of their employer's occupation or first name as their last name, adding the letter s to the word, although this formation could also be a patronymic . For instance, the surname Vickers is thought to have arisen as an occupational name adopted by
4514-658: The oldest and most common type of surname. They may be a first name such as "Wilhelm", a patronymic such as " Andersen ", a matronymic such as " Beaton ", or a clan name such as " O'Brien ". Multiple surnames may be derived from a single given name: e.g. there are thought to be over 90 Italian surnames based on the given name " Giovanni ". This is the broadest class of surnames, originating from nicknames, encompassing many types of origin. These include names based on appearance such as "Schwartzkopf", "Short", and possibly "Caesar", and names based on temperament and personality such as "Daft", "Gutman", and "Maiden", which, according to
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#17327930857164588-412: The origin describes the original bearer such as Brown, Short , or Thin – though Short may in fact be an ironic 'nickname' surname for a tall person." In the modern era, governments have enacted laws to require people to adopt surnames. This served the purpose of uniquely identifying subjects for taxation purposes or for inheritance. In the late Middle Ages in Europe, there were several revolts against
4662-663: The origins of the surnames in the British Isles . The study found that over 90% of the 45,602 surnames in the dictionary are native to Britain and Ireland, with the most common in the UK being Smith , Jones , Williams , Brown , Taylor , Davies , and Wilson . The findings have been published in the Oxford English Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland , with project leader Richard Coates calling
4736-497: The place of origin. Over the course of the Roman Republic and the later Empire, naming conventions went through multiple changes. ( See Roman naming conventions . ) The nomen , the name of the gens (tribe) inherited patrilineally, is thought to have already been in use by 650 BC. The nomen was to identify group kinship, while the praenomen (forename; plural praenomina ) was used to distinguish individuals within
4810-2079: The prefix as a separate word, yielding "Ó Briain" or "Mac Millan" as well as the anglicized "O'Brien" and "MacMillan" or "Macmillan". Other Irish prefixes include Ní, Nic (daughter of the son of), Mhic, and Uí (wife of the son of). Stevens (surname) Stevens as an English-language surname was brought to England after the Norman Conquest and means 'son of Steven'. This surname may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Literature [ edit ] Barry Stevens (therapist) (1902–1985), writer, Gestalt therapist Benjamin Franklin Stevens (1833–1902), American bibliographer Emily Pitts Stevens (1841–1906), American educator, activist, suffragist, newspaper editor and publisher Helen Norton Stevens (1869–1943), American magazine editor Henry Stevens (bibliographer) (1819–1886), American bibliographer K. J. Stevens (born 1973), U.S. writer Nell Stevens (born 1985), British fiction and non-fiction writer Robin Stevens (born 1988), English writer Shane Stevens (author) (1941–2007), American crime writer Wallace Stevens (1879–1955), American poet Visual arts [ edit ] Agapit Stevens (1848–1924), Belgian painter Alfred Stevens (sculptor) (1817–1875), British sculptor Alfred Stevens (painter) (1823–1906), Belgian painter Elsie Stevens (1907-?), British artist Henry Isaac Stevens (1806–1873), English architect John Calvin Stevens (1855–1940), American architect John Howard Stevens (1879–1958), American architect, son of John Calvin Nelson Stevens (1938–2022), African-American painter and muralist Noreen Stevens (born 1962), Canadian cartoonist Music [ edit ] April Stevens (1929–2023), American singer Cat Stevens (born 1948), British musician Christian Stevens (born 1978), American rapper and producer performing under
4884-563: The pure possessive would be Novákova, Hromadova, but the surname evolved to a more adjectivized form Nováková, Hromadová, to suppress the historical possessivity. Some rare types of surnames are universal and gender-neutral: examples in Czech are Janů, Martinů, Fojtů, Kovářů. These are the archaic form of the possessive, related to the plural name of the family. Such rare surnames are also often used for transgender persons during transition because most common surnames are gender-specific. The informal dialectal female form in Polish and Czech dialects
4958-699: The servant of a vicar, while Roberts could have been adopted by either the son or the servant of a man named Robert. A subset of occupational names in English are names thought to be derived from the medieval mystery plays . The participants would often play the same roles for life, passing the part down to their oldest sons. Names derived from this may include King , Lord and Virgin . A Dictionary of English Surnames says that "surnames of office, such as Abbot , Bishop , Cardinal and King, are often nicknames". The original meaning of names based on medieval occupations may no longer be obvious in modern English. Location (toponymic, habitation) names derive from
5032-547: The street/place they were found (Union, Liquorpond (street), di Palermo, Baan, Bijdam, van den Eyngel (shop name), van der Stoep , von Trapp), the date they were found ( Monday , Septembre, Spring, di Gennaio), or festival/feast day they found or christened (Easter, SanJosé). Some foundlings were given the name of whoever found them. Occupational names include Smith , Miller , Farmer , Thatcher , Shepherd , Potter , and so on, and analogous names in many other languages, see, e.g., various surnames associated with
5106-432: The study "more detailed and accurate" than those before. He elaborated on the origins: "Some surnames have origins that are occupational – obvious examples are Smith and Baker. Other names can be linked to a place , for example, Hill or Green, which relates to a village green . Surnames that are 'patronymic' are those which originally enshrined the father's name – such as Jackson , or Jenkinson . There are also names where
5180-676: The surname Lee is used in English culture, but is also a romanization of the Chinese surname Li . In the Russian Empire , illegitimate children were sometimes given artificial surnames rather than the surnames of their adoptive parents. In many cultures (particularly in European and European-influenced cultures in the Americas, Oceania, etc., as well as West Asia/North Africa, South Asia, and most Sub-Saharan African cultures),
5254-446: The surname or family name ("last name") is placed after the personal, forename (in Europe) or given name ("first name"). In other cultures the surname is placed first, followed by the given name or names. The latter is often called the Eastern naming order because Europeans are most familiar with the examples from the East Asian cultural sphere , specifically, Greater China , Korea (both North and South) , Japan , and Vietnam . This
5328-1625: The television series Law & Order: Criminal Intent See also [ edit ] v t e Surnames associated with the given name Stephen Greek Stephanos [REDACTED] Germanic Fitzstephen Steenson Steevens Stenson Stefan Stefanowitz (from Slavic) Stefansson Steffen Steffensen Stephan Stephans Stephen Stephens Stephensen Stephenson Stevens Stevenson Stinson Romance De Stefano DeStefano Di Stefano Distefano Esteves Estevez Estienne Étienne Ștefan Stefani Ștefănescu Stefano Stefanoni Slavic Stec Stefan Stefanik /Štefánik Stefanko Stefanov Stefanovski Stefanovsky Stefanovic Stefanowicz Stefanović Stefański Stepanovich Stepanović Stepan Stepankov Stepanov Stepanovsky / Štepanovský Stepanenko Stepanets Stepanchenko Stepančić Stepanchuk Stepanishchev Stepaniv Stepantsev Stepantsov Stepanyuk Stepashin Stepashkin Stepinac Stepun Stepushkin Stets Stetsenko Steshenko Stetskiv Stetsko Stevanović Stipančić Stipanovich Stjepanović Styopin Styopkin Štěch Štefan Štěpán Štěpánek Other Stepanovs Stepanyan Stepanyants Steponavičius [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
5402-404: Was also -ka (Pawlaczka, Kubeška). With the exception of the -ski/-ska suffix, most feminine forms of surnames are seldom observed in Polish. Generally, inflected languages use names and surnames as living words, not as static identifiers. Thus, the pair or the family can be named by a plural form which can differ from the singular male and female form. For instance, when the male form is Novák and
5476-547: Was the norm . Recently, integration into the EU and increased communications with foreigners prompted many Samis to reverse the order of their full name to given name followed by surname, to avoid their given name being mistaken for and used as a surname. Indian surnames may often denote village, profession, and/or caste and are invariably mentioned along with the personal/first names. However, hereditary last names are not universal. In Telugu -speaking families in south India, surname
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