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86-466: Chambers Creek was named for Thomas M. Chambers, who settled near Olympia, Washington , in 1846 and later built a sawmill on the creek. The creek was also known as Steilacoom Creek, for the Coast Salish tribe whose territory on its north side. Abitibi Consolidated Inc. owned a paper mill along the south side of the lower reaches of the creek until 2010. The creek is dammed just upstream from

172-447: A "stern taskmaster", whose unrelenting demands on his son pushed the young man to his breaking point. While working on the family farm, Stevens once nearly died of sunstroke . After Stevens' mother died in a carriage accident, his widowed father married a woman whom Stevens disliked. According to Stevens, he came close to suffering a mental breakdown in his youth. Stevens graduated from the male prep school Phillips Academy in 1833 and

258-570: A brutal winter campaign against the Yakama tribe , led by Chief Kamiakin . This, along with his unjustified execution of the Nisqually chieftain Leschi , led to widespread pleas to President Pierce to remove Stevens from his post. Two men were particularly vocal in their opposition to Stevens and his policies, territorial judge Edward Lander and influential private citizen Ezra Meeker . While Meeker

344-641: A crew from the British Vancouver Expedition are said to have explored the site, but neither recorded any encounters with the resident Indigenous population. In 1846, Edmund Sylvester and Levi Lathrop Smith jointly claimed the land that is now downtown Olympia. In 1851, the U.S. Congress established the Customs District of Puget Sound for Washington Territory and Olympia became the home of the customs house. Its population steadily expanded from Oregon Trail immigrants. In 1850,

430-697: A free shuttle route called "Dash". Dash runs from the Capitol Campus to the Farmers Market at the far edge of downtown. Intercity Transit's Olympia Express provides service to Lakewood and Tacoma, with connections to regional bus and commuter rail service. In 2009 Intercity Transit won an award for America's best Public Transportation System in the midsize category by the American Public Transportation Association . The fleet runs entirely on biodiesel fuel and

516-710: A gallery in its Minnaert Center with rotating exhibitions. Evergreen State College, northwest of Olympia, has a professionally curated gallery with rotating shows in the Dan Evans Library building. South of Olympia, Monarch Contemporary Art Center and Sculpture Park has an 80-acre sculpture garden and art gallery . Each year, the Olympia Film Society (OFS) produces a film festival and fosters film and video education in Olympia. It also shows independent, classic, and international films year-round at

602-498: A general in the U.S. Army and an author. Together with P. B. Van Trump , he participated in the first documented ascent of Mount Rainier in Washington State. A combination of an increasingly violent thunderstorm and unrelenting Confederate fire had slowed the advance of the 79th New York Regiment to a crawl. Five successive regimental color bearers had died leading the line. When Stevens saw that yet another soldier who

688-467: A local coffee roaster. Donations from the public were used to form "Friends of the Artesians", a group that researched the wells, maintained them, and tested their quality. They were later replaced by the non-profit organization H2Olympia in 2009. In 2011, the city of Olympia committed $ 50,000 toward improvements of an artesian well in a parking lot that the city purchased the same year. Renovations at

774-511: A male householder with no wife present, and 48.6% were other families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the city was 38 years. 19.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.5% were from 25 to 44; 26.7% were from 45 to 64; and 13.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

860-607: A new and more significant issue. Stevens' proclamation of martial law in Pierce County stated: Whereas in the prosecution of the Indian war circumstances have existed affording such grave cause of suspicion, such that certain evil disposed persons of Pierce county have given aid and comfort to the enemy, as that they have been placed under arrest and ordered to be tried by a military commission; and whereas, efforts are now being made to withdraw, by civil process, these persons from

946-532: A period newspaper report, Stevens' body was recovered an hour after his death, his hands still clenched around the staff of the flag. He was buried in Island Cemetery in Newport, Rhode Island . Historians have generally viewed Stevens as a complicated figure. According to historian David Nicandri, the four years in which he ruled Washington "takes up a greater volume of concern and consciousness than

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1032-585: A small Eastside Community), and Trillium Park, which was created by the efforts of adjoining neighborhood associations with the easement of private property. The Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge is near Olympia, as are the Capitol State Forest , Burfoot Park , and the Woodard Bay Natural Resources Conservation Area . In 1984, Olympia hosted the U.S. Olympic women's marathon trial. The winner of

1118-701: A town on January 28, 1859, and as a city in 1882. The site of Olympia had been home to Lushootseed -speaking peoples known as the Steh-Chass (or Stehchass, later part of the post-treaty Squaxin Island Tribe) for thousands of years. Other Native Americans regularly visited the head of Budd Inlet and the Steh-Chass, including the other ancestor tribes of the Squaxin , as well as the Nisqually , Puyallup , Chehalis , Suquamish , and Duwamish . The first recorded Europeans came to Olympia in 1792. Peter Puget and

1204-488: A year-round average of 75% cloud cover. Annual precipitation has ranged from 29.92 in (760 mm) in 1952 to 66.71 in (1,694 mm) in 1950; for water year (October 1 – September 30) precipitation, the range is 32.71 in (831 mm) in 2000–01 to 72.57 in (1,843 mm) in 1998–99. With a period of record dating back to 1948, extreme temperatures have ranged from −8 °F (−22 °C) on January 1, 1979, up to 110 °F (43 °C), on June 28, 2021;

1290-476: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in the state of Washington is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Olympia, Washington Olympia is the capital city of the U.S. state of Washington and the county seat of Thurston County . It had a population of 55,605 at the time of the 2020 census , making it the state of Washington's 23rd-most populous city . Olympia borders Lacey to

1376-692: Is a private high school. In addition to primary and secondary schools, Olympia has a number of institutions of higher learning, including The Evergreen State College and South Puget Sound Community College . The Evergreen State College (TESC) offers bachelor's degrees in liberal arts and science, and master's degrees in environmental studies, public administration, education, and teaching. South Puget Sound Community College (SPSCC) offers associate degrees in arts, science, biology, elementary education, pre-nursing, applied science, general studies, and business. Robust journalism in Olympia dates to before Washington Territory 's incorporation in 1853. The Olympian

1462-672: Is a soccer club that was founded in 2014 and primarily played at Black Hill High School. They field an amateur men's team in USL League Two and the Evergreen Premier League . The women's team was associated with the Northwest Premier League . As of 2024 , the teams play their home matches at South Sound Stadium and the women's team plays in the USL W League . The majority of Olympia is located in

1548-598: Is composed of about 20% biodiesel-electric hybrid buses. Olympia Regional Airport is just south of Olympia in Tumwater. It is operated by the Port of Olympia and serves general aviation as well as corporate aviation . The airport hosts the Olympic AirShow, a medium-sized airshow that occurs on Father's Day weekend each year. Olympia is twinned with: A previous sister city agreement with Olympia, Greece ,

1634-594: Is located near the southern limit of the Fraser Glaciation and the underlying sediments consist largely of Vashon -age till and outwash deposited at that time; the area also includes former lakebeds and alluvial deposits associated with proglacial lakes that existed in the area near the end of Vashon-stage glaciation. Residual glacial topography in the area includes drumlins , subglacial channels , and kettle lakes . Much of downtown Olympia sits on reclaimed land . Tidewater areas were filled as early as

1720-709: Is no longer in effect. An attempt to create a sister city partnership with Rafah , Palestine , was rejected by the city council in 2007. On December 12, 2023, the City Council passed a resolution calling for an "immediate and permanent ceasefire" during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict . Furthermore, the city recognized the right of existence of both the Palestinian and Israeli states. Nation: States: Territories: Isaac Stevens Isaac Ingalls Stevens (March 25, 1818 – September 1, 1862)

1806-1027: Is part of USDA Hardiness zone 8a, with isolated pockets around Puget Sound in zone 8b. Most of western Washington's weather is brought in by weather systems that form near the Aleutian Islands in Alaska . It contains cold moist air, which brings western Washington cold rain, cloudiness, and fog. November through January are Olympia's rainiest months. City streets, creeks, and rivers can flood from November to February. The monthly mean temperature ranges from 38.4 °F (3.6 °C) in December to 64.1 °F (17.8 °C) in August. Seasonal snowfall for 1981–2010 averaged 10.8 inches (27.4 cm) but has historically ranged from trace amounts in 1991–92 to 81.5 in (207 cm) in 1968–69. Olympia averages 50 inches (1,270 mm) of precipitation annually and has

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1892-821: Is the Washington State University dormitory Stevens Hall. The Washington chapter of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War is known as Isaac Stevens Camp No. 1. In addition, Stevensville, Montana , Stevens County, Minnesota , and Idaho 's Stevens Peak, Upper Stevens Lake, and Lower Stevens Lake are named in tribute to Stevens. The United States Army previously maintained two military posts named after Stevens: Fort Stevens in Washington, D.C., and Fort Stevens in Oregon. Hazard Stevens wrote

1978-469: Is the local daily newspaper. The Tacoma-based Weekly Volcano has covered Olympia entertainment since 2001. Progressive newspaper Works in Progress is published monthly. The statewide government channel TVW is based in Olympia. Online outlet NorthAmericaTalk, an aggregate for local community news and marketing, was established with headquarters in Olympia. Olympia and Thurston County are included in

2064-480: Is transmitted from a tower in nearby Tumwater . Evergreen State College's KAOS broadcasts a mix of educational and political programming, with student-driven music shows. Amtrak provides service to Olympia-Lacey at Centennial Station . Amtrak train 11, the southbound Coast Starlight , departs Olympia at 11:19am with service to Centralia; Portland ; Sacramento ; Emeryville, California (with bus connection to San Francisco ); and Los Angeles . Amtrak train 14,

2150-522: The Bigelow Neighborhood . The northeast end of Capitol Lake was the location of an artesian well until the construction of a new park that included changes to the shoreline. McAllister Springs , Olympia's main water source, is fed by artesian wells, and the former Olympia Brewery is supplied by 26 artesian wells. Efforts to protect and preserve the free-flowing artesian well on 4th Avenue in downtown Olympia began in 1991 with support from

2236-635: The Olympia School District . It enrolled 9,782 students in K-12 in the 2021–22 school year. The district has a total of 18 schools: 11 elementary schools, four middle schools and three high schools. Its high schools are Olympia High School (formally known as William Winlock Miller High School), Capital High School , and Avanti High School. Portions of Olympia are in the North Thurston Public Schools district and

2322-591: The Treaty of Medicine Creek , Treaty of Hellgate , Treaty of Neah Bay , Treaty of Point Elliott , Point No Point Treaty , and Quinault Treaty . During this time, the Governor imposed martial law to better impose his will on the Indians and whites who opposed his views. The consequent political and legal battles would soon overshadow the Indian war. Stevens did not hesitate to use his troops for vengeance, and waged

2408-670: The Tumwater School District . In the 2007–08 school year, Olympia began the Parent Partnership Program, which provides more opportunities to homeschooling families. Olympia's online high school, Olympia Regional Learning Academy (ORLA), is part of the same program. Private elementary schools include Olympia Waldorf School, Olympia Community School, St. Michael School, Holy Family, and Evergreen Christian. Private middle schools include Olympia Waldorf School and NOVA School. Pope John Paul II High School

2494-555: The United States Congress ) (2 vols., Washington, 1855–1860). Stevens was a controversial governor in his time. Historians consider him even more controversial, for his role in compelling the Native American tribes of Washington Territory by intimidation and force, into signing treaties that ceded most of their lands and rights to Stevens' government, likely forging some of the signatures. These included

2580-579: The Yakama War broke out as Native Americans resisted European encroachment, he prosecuted it mercilessly. His decision to rule by martial law , jail judges who opposed him, and raise a de facto personal army led to his conviction for contempt of court, for which he famously pardoned himself, and a rebuke from the President of the United States . Nonetheless, his uncompromising decisiveness in

2666-682: The 1870s, but the major change occurred in 1910–11 with placement of the Carlyon Fill (named for mayor P.H. Carlyon). Over two million cubic yards (1,500,000 m ) of sediment were dredged , thereby creating a deep-water port at Olympia; the dredged material was used to fill tidelands, creating almost 30 blocks of what is now downtown. Olympia has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb ). The local microclimate has dry summers in July and mildly humid summers in early June and late August, with cool July and August overnight lows. It

Chambers Creek (Washington) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2752-492: The Mexican–American War. Stevens was rewarded by President Pierce on March 17, 1853 by being named governor of the newly created Washington Territory . (The position also included the title of Superintendent of Indian Affairs for that region). Stevens chose to add one more duty as he traveled west to the territory he would govern: the government was calling for a surveyor to map an appropriate railroad route across

2838-566: The New England coast from 1841 until 1849. He was given command of the U.S. Coast Survey office in Washington, D.C., working closely with the Survey's superintendent Alexander D. Bache . Stevens served in that role until March 1853. Stevens was a firm supporter of former brigadier general Franklin Pierce 's candidacy for President of the United States in 1852, as both men had served in

2924-589: The Procession of the Species attracts up to 30,000 viewers, while its costumed participants of all ages frequently number nearly 3,000. On the Friday evening before the Procession of Species, a Luminary Procession is held. The Fleetwoods , a popular 1950s and 1960s doo-wop group, whose hits included " Come Softly to Me " and " Mr. Blue ", originated in Olympia. Additionally, acclaimed black metal band Wolves in

3010-539: The Seattle-Tacoma designated market area (DMA), and therefore are chiefly served by Seattle's network-affiliated television stations and some radio stations. Since 1983, Olympia has had a public, educational and government access television station, which was rebranded in 2016 as Thurston Community Media. Olympia sits on the southern fringe of the FM signal of National Public Radio member station KUOW . An AM simulcast

3096-893: The Throne Room hails from the city, forming in 2002. Olympia has a wide array of public parks and nature conservation areas. Percival Landing Park includes 0.9 miles (1.4 km) of boardwalk along Budd Inlet, as well as a playground, picnic areas, and a large open space. The boardwalk leads north to an open-air amphitheater, a viewing tower beside the Port of Olympia, as well as the Olympia Farmers' Market. Squaxin Park has an extensive trail system, 150-year-old forest, and undeveloped waterfront on Puget Sound. The city's 39 other developed parks include Watershed Park , Woodruff Park , Sunrise Park , Yauger Park (home to one of Olympia's public skate parks ), Friendly Grove (nestled in

3182-518: The art-deco Capitol Theater . A mostly volunteer-powered organization, OFS supports and presents a variety of cultural events, including All Freakin' Night , an all-night horror film screening with a cult following. On the fourth Saturday in April, in honor of Earth Day , Olympia is host to one of the region's largest community celebrations – the Procession of the Species . Held in conjunction with

3268-475: The banner of Saint Andrew's Cross , Stevens was struck in the temple by a bullet and died instantly. He was buried in Newport, Rhode Island , at Island Cemetery . In March 1863, he was posthumously promoted to major general , backdated to July 18, 1862. Stevens had married. His son, Hazard Stevens , had become a career officer and was also injured in the Battle of Chantilly. He survived and eventually became

3354-534: The beginning of the Puget Sound War . The war ended with Leschi's capture in 1856; he was executed two years later. The 1949 Olympia earthquake damaged many historic buildings beyond repair, and they were demolished. Parts of the city also suffered damage from earthquakes in 1965 and 2001 . Interstate 5 was built through the south side of the city in the late 1950s as a replacement for earlier highways that traveled through downtown Olympia. The freeway

3440-579: The campus of Saint Martin's University. Art in Ecology is a long-established art-in-the-workplace venue that has works by numerous northwest artists. Permanent installations by Alfredo Arreguin, commissioned by the Washington State Arts Commission, are accompanied by changing solo and group exhibitions throughout the year. Appointments to view the works are needed; tours take about an hour. South Puget Sound Community College has

3526-476: The city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female. According to Olympia's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the county's top employers are: Olympia is a regional center for fine arts. A number of theatrical experiences are available with companies such as Animal Fire Theater, Olympia Family Theater, Olympia Little Theater, Theater Artists Olympia, Broadway Olympia Productions, and Harlequin Productions at

Chambers Creek (Washington) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3612-462: The city was 78.4% White , 9.6% Hispanic or Latino , 7.3% Asian , 3.1% African American , and 6.9% from other races or multiracial. As of the 2010 census , there were 46,478 people, 20,761 households, and 10,672 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,608.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,007.0/km ). There were 22,086 housing units at an average density of 1,239.4 units per square mile (478.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of

3698-444: The city was 83.7% White , 2.0% African American , 1.1% Native American , 6.0% Asian , 0.4% Pacific Islander , 1.8% from other races, and 5.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3% of the population. There were 20,761 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.2% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had

3784-419: The city's biannual Arts Walk, the Procession is organized by the community-based nonprofit organization Earthbound Productions, and is the culmination of an annual Community Art Studio that is free and open to the public. In its July 2009 Best of America feature, Reader's Digest magazine honored the Procession of the Species with the top spot in its "can't resist" parades and processions list. Open to all,

3870-421: The clergy and military. He was a cousin of brothers Moses Tyler Stevens and Charles Abbot Stevens . As a young man, he was noted for his intelligence, particularly his mathematical acuity. His diminutive stature – in adulthood he stood 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m) tall – has been attributed to a possible congenital gland malfunction. Stevens resented his father, described by historian Kent Richards as

3956-404: The defending Louisianans to fall back into the woods. Stevens led his men over the abandoned Confederate ramparts, pursuing the retreating Confederate forces into the forest. At that moment, a Confederate bullet struck Stevens in the head, killing him instantly. As he collapsed, his body twisted, wrapping itself in the flag that he was still carrying and staining it with his blood. According to

4042-515: The east and Tumwater to the south. The Squaxin and other Coast Salish peoples inhabited the southern Puget Sound region prior to the arrival of European and American settlers in the 19th century. The Treaty of Medicine Creek was signed in 1854 and followed by the Treaty of Olympia in 1856; these two treaties forced the Squaxin to relocate to an Indian reservation . Olympia was incorporated as

4128-609: The enemy (in many cases because they had married into local tribes) and placing them in the military's custody. Governor Stevens declared martial law in Pierce County in order to conduct a military trial of those settlers. He next declared martial law in Thurston County. But only the territorial legislature had the authority to declare martial law, and representatives fought Stevens' effort to abrogate their authority. A bitter political and legal battle ensued. Stevens

4214-473: The entire balance of the territorial officialdom up until the time Washington becomes a state in 1889". Accounts of Stevens' tenure have been highly polarized. Writing in 1972, Richards observed that nearly all accounts of his tenure have either "condemned" or "uncritically applauded" him. Ezra Meeker , a historian, settler, and contemporary opponent of Stevens, described him as one who would "take no counsel, nor brook opposition to his will". In March 1863, at

4300-548: The estuary at an unspecified date. The city is 47 miles (76 km) southwest of Seattle , the most populous city in Washington, and 100 miles (160 km) north of Portland, Oregon . According to the United States Census Bureau , Olympia has an area of 19.68 square miles (50.97 km ), of which 17.82 sq mi (46.15 km ) is land and 1.86 sq mi (4.82 km ) is water. The cities of Lacey and Tumwater border Olympia. The area

4386-801: The event was Joan Benoit , who won a gold medal at the first women's Olympic marathon at the 1984 Summer Olympic games in Los Angeles . Olympia is the home of the Oly Rollers , the local women's flat track roller derby league whose travel team, the Cosa Nostra Donnas, were the 2009 national champions of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA), winning the national Declaration of Derby tournament in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . FC Olympia (also known as Oly Town Artesians)

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4472-553: The face of crisis was both applauded by his supporters and noted by historians. Isaac Stevens was the father of Hazard Stevens , the hero of the Battle of Suffolk and one of the first men to summit Mount Rainier . Stevens was born in North Andover, Massachusetts , to Isaac Stevens and Hannah Stevens (née Cummings), a descendant of early Puritan settlers from a gentry family that had produced several distinguished members of

4558-583: The freezing mark. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 8 through May 3, allowing a growing season of 157 days, nearly 100 days shorter than in Seattle. See or edit raw graph data . Olympia was historically dependent on artesian waters , including springs that supplied early settlers in Swantown and Tumwater. The artesian spring at Fourth Avenue and Main Street (now called Capitol Way)

4644-474: The future when Stevens left Washington State for good in 1857. In January 1856, Governor Stevens declared to the territorial House of Representatives in Olympia that "war shall be prosecuted until the last hostile Indian is exterminated", although there is uncertainty among historians about whether this was a call for genocide or instead for war crimes against certain "hostile Indians". In April 1856, Governor Stevens removed settlers whom he believed to be aiding

4730-611: The historic State Theater, as well as Broadway Olympia's Black Box Theater at Capitol Mall. The Olympia Symphony Orchestra performs five regular-season concerts at the Washington Center and two pops concerts. The Masterworks Chorale Ensemble performs four regular-season concerts at the Washington Center for the Performing Arts. Visual art venues include some of the local coffeehouses, Olympia Coffee Roasting Co., Batdorf & Bronson , and Burial Grounds downtown, with

4816-505: The hour of his death Stevens was being considered by President Abraham Lincoln for appointment to command the Army of Virginia . He was posthumously advanced to the rank of Major General. Several schools, towns, counties, and lakes are named in his honor. Descended from early American settlers in New England, Stevens – a man who stood just 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m) tall – overcame a troubled childhood and personal setbacks to graduate at

4902-717: The latter indefinitely closed. Art House Designs is an art gallery that also hosts a jazz performance space. Murals and public art installations of sculpture are prevalent in Olympia and are especially featured on the State Capitol Campus and along Percival Landing on the urban waterfront. The Washington Center for the Performing Arts also presents visual art exhibitions throughout the season in its lobby areas. Notable art venues near Olympia include Art in Ecology, housed in Washington Department of Ecology's 322,000-square-foot, three-story building on

4988-531: The limited number of men at his disposal. He determined that the white population should be concentrated at specific strongly protected points. For that reason, the volunteers under Stevens' command built a series of forts and blockhouses along the Snoqualmie , White, and Nisqually rivers. Once completed, Stevens ordered the settler population to leave their claims and take temporary residence in these safer areas. Once Stevens proclaimed martial law, he raised

5074-439: The mill to provide water for the now-defunct mill, which began to be demolished in 2011 after the land was purchased by Tim Ralston. Much of the lower reaches of Chambers Creek is part of the Chambers Creek Properties, a series of recreational sites owned and operated by Pierce County . The creek is a popular location for fishing , walking, and skimboarding . This Pierce County, Washington state location article

5160-517: The northbound Coast Starlight, departs Olympia at 6:01pm daily with service to Tacoma and Seattle . Amtrak Cascades trains, operating as far north as Vancouver and as far south as Eugene, Oregon , serve Olympia-Lacey several times daily in both directions. Olympia, Lacey, Tumwater, and the surrounding area are primarily served by Intercity Transit , with connections to Grays Harbor Transit , Mason Transit Authority , Pierce Transit , Sound Transit , and Twin Transit . Intercity Transit maintains

5246-404: The northern United States , hoping that a transcontinental railroad would open up Asian markets. With Stevens' engineering experience (and likely the favor of Pierce yet again, as well as Secretary of War Jefferson Davis ), he won the bid. His party, which included George Suckley , John Mullan and Fred Burr, son of David H. Burr , spent most of 1853 moving slowly across the prairie, surveying

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5332-410: The only factual related evidence was that on Christmas Day, a party of Indians had visited McLeod's cabin and had forced him to give them food. Gibbs and Goldsborough declared that: The sole object of the proclamation was to get half a dozen obscure individuals into his absolute control, and to demonstrate that he, Isaac I. Stevens, could, on the field offered by a small Territory, enact, at second hand,

5418-472: The part of Napoleon . The territorial organic act designated the governor as "commander-in-chief of the militia thereof," but there were not a regularly constituted militia. Stevens assumed his powers from his control of local volunteer troops, which had been organized to meet the necessities of the situation. These had not been authorized either by the federal government or by the territorial legislature. Stevens' position as Superintendent of Indian Affairs for

5504-519: The preservation of Indigenous fishing, hunting, gathering and other rights. It also included a section which, at least as interpreted by United States officials, required the Native American signatories to move to one of three reservations. Doing so would effectively force the Nisqually people to cede their prime farming and living space. One of the leaders of the Nisqually, Chief Leschi , outraged, refused to give up ownership of this land and instead fought for his people's right to their territory, sparking

5590-436: The purview of the said commission. Therefore, as the war is now being actively prosecuted through- out nearly the whole of the said county, and great injury to the public, and the plans of the campaign be frustrated, if the alleged designs of these persons be not arrested, I, Isaac I. Stevens, Governor of the Territory of Washington, do hereby proclaim Martial Law over the said county of Pierce, and do by these presents suspend for

5676-491: The record cold daily maximum is 18 °F (−8 °C) on January 31, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 69 °F (21 °C) on July 22, 2006. Between 1991 and 2020 the mean coldest daily maximum was right on the freezing point at 32 °F (0 °C) and the warmest night of the year averaged a very mild 60 °F (16 °C). On average, 6.3 days annually reach 90 °F (32 °C), 1.8 days stay at or below freezing all day, and 78 nights reach

5762-409: The request of President Abraham Lincoln , the United States Senate posthumously advanced Stevens to the rank of Major General . According to George Cullum's Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy "at the very hour of his death, the President and Secretary of War were considering the advisability of placing Stevens in command of the Army in which he

5848-421: The territory had a broad administrative responsibility but possessed no direct military power. On May 24, 1856, following a legal opinion rendered by Judge Chenoweth, ruling that Stevens had no legal power to declare martial law, Governor Stevens rescinded his proclamation in Pierce and Thurston counties. After the Civil War began in 1861, and following the Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run , Stevens

5934-546: The time being and till further notice, the functions of all civil officers in said county. On May 11, 1856, attorneys George Gibbs and H. A. Goldsborough sent a letter to the Secretary of State denying that the war situation throughout the territory, and especially in Pierce County, was as grave as Governor Stevens had declared at the time of proclaiming martial law. They said that Stevens' allegations made against Charles Wren, John McLeod, John McField, Lyon A. Smith, and Henry Smith, were based wholly on suspicion. They asserted that

6020-481: The top of his class at West Point before embarking on a successful military career. He was a controversial and polarizing figure as governor of the Washington Territory, where he was both praised and condemned. He was described by one historian as the subject of more reflection and study than almost the rest of the territory's 19th-century history combined. Stevens' marathon diplomacy with Native American tribes sought to avoid military conflict in Washington; however, when

6106-553: The town settled on the name Olympia, at local resident Colonel Isaac N. Ebey 's suggestion, because of its view of the Olympic Mountains to the northwest. The area began to be served by a small fleet of steamboats known as the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet . Over two days, December 24–26, 1854, Governor Isaac I. Stevens negotiated the Treaty of Medicine Creek with the representatives of the Nisqually, Puyallup, Squawksin, Steh'Chass, Noo-Seh-Chatl, Squi-Aitl, T'Peeksin, Sah-Heh-Wa-Mish, and S'Hotl-Ma-Mish tribes. Stevens's treaty included

6192-718: The way to Washington Territory. There Stevens met George McClellan 's party, which had surveyed the line between the Puget Sound and the Spokane River . He took up his post at Olympia as governor in November that year. As a result of his expedition, Stevens wrote a third book, Report of Explorations for a Route for the Pacific Railroad near the 47th and 49th Parallels of North Latitude, from St. Paul, Minnesota, to Puget Sound , (commissioned and published by

6278-505: The well were completed in late 2011, including surface improvements, solar lighting, and a raised area to fill bottles. In spring 2012, sea-themed mosaic artwork created by community members was installed at the site of the well. As of the 2020 census , there were 55,605 people within the city. The population density was 2,825 inhabitants per square mile (1,090.7/km ). There were 25,642 housing units at an average density of 1,303 units per square mile (503 units/km ). The racial makeup of

6364-617: Was accepted to the United States Military Academy at West Point. He graduated in 1839 at the top of his class. Stevens was the adjutant of the Corps of Engineers during the Mexican–American War , seeing action at the siege of Vera Cruz and at Cerro Gordo , Contreras , and Churubusco . In the latter fight, he caught the attention of his superiors, who rewarded him with the brevet rank of captain . He

6450-531: Was again cited and breveted for gallantry at the Battle of Chapultepec , this time to the rank of major . Stevens participated in combat at Molino del Rey , and the Battle for Mexico City , where he was severely wounded. He later wrote a book on his adventures, Campaigns of the Rio Grande and Mexico, with Notices of the Recent Work of Major Ripley (New York, 1851). He superintended fortifications on

6536-716: Was an American military officer and politician who served as governor of the Territory of Washington from 1853 to 1857, and later as its delegate to the United States House of Representatives . During the American Civil War , he held several commands in the Union Army . He was killed at the Battle of Chantilly , while at the head of his men and carrying the fallen colors of one of his regiments against Confederate positions. According to one account, at

6622-441: Was carrying the regimental flag had been shot, he raced from his position in the rear, through the panicked body of his men, to wrench the flag from the wounded man's grasp. According to witnesses, the injured color bearer - knowing the regimental flag would be a target - yelled at Stevens "for God's sake, General, don't take the colors!" Stevens ignored the man's appeal and seized the colors, at which point his own son, Hazard, who

6708-689: Was commissioned in the army again. He was appointed as colonel of the 79th New York Volunteers , known as the "Cameron Highlanders." He was promoted to a brigadier general on September 28, 1861, and fought at Port Royal . He led the Second Brigade of the Expeditionary Forces sent to attack the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina . He led a division at the Battle of Secessionville , where he led an attack on Fort Lamar, in which 25% of his men were casualties. Stevens

6794-625: Was forced to repeal the declaration and fight subsequent calls for his removal. His decision to use martial law was the result of his determination to enforce a blockhouse policy in the war against the Indians of the Puget Sound region. Indian raids on scattered settlements and an intimidating attack on the city of Seattle in February 1856 resulted in Governor Stevens concluding that he needed to concentrate on defensive measures, given

6880-512: Was ignored, Lander was arrested by Stevens' forces due to his opposition. Pierce refused to remove Stevens from his position, but eventually sent word to the governor expressing his disapproval. Any opposition eventually died down, as most white settlers in Washington Territory felt that Stevens was on "their side", while they considered Meeker to be too sympathetic to Native Americans. As a result of this public perception, Stevens

6966-530: Was originally planned to cut through the city, but was moved further out to save costs. It opened to traffic on December 12, 1958, and was later expanded in 1991. Olympia is at the southern end of Puget Sound on Budd Inlet , where the Deschutes River estuary enters the Sound. The river was dammed in 1951 to create Capitol Lake ; in late 2022 the state government approved the dam's removal to restore

7052-479: Was popular enough to be elected as the territory's delegate to the United States Congress in 1857 and 1858. The tensions between whites and Native Americans would be left for others to resolve. Stevens is often charged with responsibility for the later conflicts in eastern Washington and Idaho , especially the war fought by the United States against Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce , These events were decades in

7138-536: Was serving in the regiment, was shot and injured by a Confederate volley. Hazard Stevens cried out to his father for help, to which the general replied, "I can't attend to you now, Hazard. Corporal Thompson, see to my boy". Stevens turned to his men and yelled, "Follow your General!" Facing the Confederate line and waving the recovered regimental colors, Stevens proceeded to charge the Confederate positions, his men following in close order. The renewed advance forced

7224-450: Was serving". A marker at Ox Hill Battlefield Park , site of the Battle of Chantilly , commemorates the approximate place where Stevens fell while leading his men. In Washington, Stevens County is named in his honor, as is Lake Stevens . Several Washington public schools, including Seattle's Isaac I. Stevens Elementary School, Port Angeles' Stevens Middle School, and Pasco's Isaac Stevens Middle School, are also named in his honor, as

7310-409: Was the main community well where settlers, as well as the local Steh-Chass and visiting Native Americans, gathered to socialize. Settler accounts recall paying Native Americans to collect water here. The artesian well at Artesian Commons park, a former parking lot, is active. Another still flows at the corner of Olympia Avenue and Washington Street. A small park was constructed around another spring in

7396-556: Was transferred with his IX Corps division to Virginia to serve under Major General John Pope in the Northern Virginia Campaign and the Second Battle of Bull Run . He was killed in action at the Battle of Chantilly on September 1, 1862, after picking up the fallen regimental colors of his old regiment, shouting "Highlanders, my Highlanders, follow your general!" Charging with his troops while carrying

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