Steven C. McConnell is an author of software engineering textbooks such as Code Complete , Rapid Development , and Software Estimation . He is cited as an expert in software engineering and project management.
54-608: McConnell graduated with a bachelor's degree in philosophy, minoring in computer science, at Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington , and a master's degree in software engineering from Seattle University . He then pursued a career in the desktop software industry, working at Microsoft , Boeing , the Russell Investment Group and several other Seattle area firms. At Microsoft, McConnell worked on TrueType as part of Windows 3.1 . At Boeing, he worked on
108-535: A Strategic Defense Initiative project. McConnell published his first book, Code Complete , in 1993. From 1996 to 1998, he was the editor of the "Best Practices" column in the IEEE Software magazine. From 1998 to 2002, he served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine. The New York Times has quoted McConnell stating that there are "15 to 50 defects per 1,000 lines of code in delivered software" on average. Whitman College Whitman College
162-577: A "monument" to his former missionary colleagues in the form of a school for pioneer boys and girls. Eells obtained a charter for Whitman Seminary , a pre-collegiate school, from the territorial legislature. From the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, he acquired the Whitman mission site. Eells soon moved to the site with his family and began working to establish Whitman Seminary. Despite Eells's desire to locate Whitman Seminary at
216-710: A Cayuse settlement called Waíilatpu (Why-ee-laht-poo) in the Cayuse language , meaning "People of the Place of the Rye Grass". It was located just west of the northern end of the Blue Mountains . The present-day city of Walla Walla, Washington developed six miles to the east. The settlement was in the territory of both the Cayuse and the Nez Perce tribes . Whitman farmed and provided medical care, while Narcissa set up
270-526: A boarding school for settlers' children. The Cayuse resented the encroachment of white settlers. More significantly, the influx of settlers in the territory brought new infectious diseases to the Indian Tribes, including a severe epidemic of measles in 1847. The Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases resulted in high death rates, with children dying in large numbers. The Whitmans cared for both Cayuse and white settlers, but half of
324-727: A century or more and having the first chapters in the Pacific Northwest . Some claim that around 33% of students are involved in the Greek system. KWCW 90.5 FM is a Class A radio station owned and operated by the Whitman Students' Union , the Associated Students of Whitman College (ASWC). "K-dub" as it is known to students, is located inside the Reid Campus Center on Whitman Campus. At
378-485: A defense of the student's senior thesis, or is one or multiple exams of material the student is expected to have learned during their major. The written exam is either a GRE subject test or a test composed by the department. For students who are interested in foreign policy , Whitman is one of 16 institutions participating in the two-year-old Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Fellowship program. The State Department pays for fellows to obtain their master's degree at
432-670: A few years in Canada but was interested in going to the west. In 1835, Whitman traveled with the missionary Samuel Parker to present-day northwestern Montana and northern Idaho , to minister to bands of the Flathead and Nez Perce nations. During this journey, he treated several fur trappers during an outbreak of cholera . At the end of their stay, he promised the Nez Perce that he would return with other missionaries and teachers to live with them. Parker and Whitman were present for
486-665: A junior, and was named NWC Player of the Year. The club-sport-level Whitman cycling team has won the DII National Championships for two years, and four times in six years, making them the athletic team at Whitman with the most national championships. The women's ultimate team, also a club sports team, finished second to Stanford in Division I play in 2016. The football program began in 1892 and ended in March 1977;
540-624: A medical doctor in that town. In 1977, he was inducted into Steuben County, New York 's Hall of Fame. Walla Walla has a Marcus Whitman Hotel and Conference Center . In 1953, the state of Washington donated a statue of him by the sculptor Avard Fairbanks to the National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol , An identical one stands at the edge of the campus of Whitman College . Marcus Whitman's alleged political influence over
594-523: A power of 160 watts, the station's range is approximately 15 miles (24 km), broadcasting as well as streaming online Marcus Whitman Marcus Whitman (September 4, 1802 – November 29, 1847) was an American physician and missionary. He is most well-known for leading American settlers across the Oregon Trail , unsuccessfully attempting to Christianize the Cayuse Indians , and
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#1732792969698648-670: A school for the Native American children. In 1842, Whitman traveled east, and on his return, he accompanied the first large group of wagon trains west. Known as the "Great Emigration", the 1843 expedition established the viability of the Oregon Trail for later homesteaders. Not having much success with converting the Cayuse, the Whitmans gave more attention to the settlers. They took in children to their own home and established
702-408: A small liberal arts institution, albeit with increased focus on co-curricular activities. Penrose iterated the school's purpose "to be a small college, with a limited number of students to whom it will give the finest quality of education". In 1920 Phi Beta Kappa installed a chapter, the first for a Northwest college, and Whitman had its first alum Rhodes Scholar . During World War II , Whitman
756-463: A wide range of competing perspectives on the politics of immigration, border enforcement, and globalization. Since 1982, "Whitman in China" provides Whitman alumni the opportunity to teach English at Northwestern Polytechnical University , Shantou University , or Yunnan University . Participants receive an immersion experience in urban Chinese culture, where they can witness the rapid modernization of
810-399: A year and Cushing Eells was called upon to serve as principal, which he did until 1869. After Eells's resignation in 1869, the school struggled—and often failed—to attract students, pay teachers, and stay open for each term. Whitman's trustees decided in 1882 that while their institution could not continue as a prep school, it might survive as the area's only college. Alexander Jay Anderson,
864-402: Is a private liberal arts college in Walla Walla, Washington . The school offers 53 majors and 33 minors in the liberal arts and sciences, and it has a student-to-faculty ratio of 9:1. Founded as a seminary by a territorial legislative charter in 1859, the school became a four-year degree-granting institution in 1882 and abandoned its religious affiliation in 1907. It is accredited by
918-414: Is noted for a strong science program . Its three most popular majors, based on 2021 graduates, were: Biological and Biomedical Sciences (33), Research and Experimental Psychology (32), and Economics (30). In early 2021, Whitman president Kathleen Murray proposed substantial cuts to a number of social science, humanities, arts, and other academic programs in anticipation of a $ 3.5 million budget deficit for
972-594: Is preserved as Whitman Mission National Historic Site . While the name is not used much now, the road from Penn Yan, New York to Rushville, New York was formerly called the Marcus Whitman Highway. Fort Whitman (active 1900–1947) located near LaConner, Washington was named for him. The Washington State Legislature has declared the fourth day of September as Marcus Whitman Day. A bronze tablet in Wheeler, New York commemorates his 1828–1835 practice as
1026-559: Is used for academic and social retreats. Whitman College focuses solely on undergraduate studies in the liberal arts. All students must take a two-semester course their first year, Encounters, which examines cultural interactions throughout history and gives students a grounding in the liberal arts. Students choose from courses in 48 major fields and 34 minor fields and have wide flexibility in designing independent study programs, electing special majors, and participating in internships and study-abroad programs. In addition, Whitman
1080-528: The American West . During every other fall semester since 2002, 21 students leave Walla Walla to travel throughout the interior West for field meetings with a variety of leading figures in conservation, ecology, environmental writing, and social justice. Whitman also offers "The U.S.-Mexico Border Program" every other June. The program is based in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, and exposes students to
1134-453: The NCAA 's Northwest Conference ( Division III ) and fields nine varsity teams each for men and women. More than 20 percent of students participate in a varsity sport. In addition, 70 percent of the student body participates in intramural and club sports. These sports include rugby union , water polo , lacrosse , dodgeball , and nationally renowned cycling and ultimate teams. In 2016,
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#17327929696981188-741: The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities and competes athletically in the NCAA Division III as a member of the Northwest Conference . Alumni have received 1 Nobel Prize in physics, 1 Presidential Medal of Freedom , 5 Rhodes Scholarships , and 93 Fulbright Fellowships . In 1859, soon after the United States military declared that the land east of the Cascade Mountains
1242-581: The Walla Walla River at age two. As settlers came in increasing numbers, the Whitmans took in eleven orphaned children, including the adoption of the Sager orphans . They also established a kind of boarding school for settlers' children at their mission. On May 25, 1836, the Whitmans, and a group of other missionaries including Henry H. Spalding and Eliza Hart Spalding , joined a caravan of fur traders and traveled west. The fur company caravan
1296-529: The 1835 Rocky Mountain Rendezvous . In 1836, Whitman married Narcissa Prentiss , a teacher of physics and chemistry . She had also been eager to travel west as a missionary, but she had been unable to do so as a single woman. They had one daughter, Alice Clarissa, born On March 14, 1837, the first Anglo-American child born in Oregon Country. She was named after her grandmothers. She drowned in
1350-439: The 1890s increased the institution's financial worries and lost Eaton his backing, leading to his resignation in 1894. Reverend Stephen Penrose , an area Congregational minister and former trustee, became president of the college and brought the school back to solvency by establishing Whitman's endowment with the aid of D. K. Pearsons, a Chicago philanthropist. By popularizing Marcus Whitman 's life and accomplishments (including
1404-407: The 2021–2022 academic year, prompting criticism from students, faculty, and alumni. Degrees are awarded after successful completion of senior "comprehensive exams". These exams vary depending on the students' primary focus of study, but commonly include some combination of (i) a senior thesis, (ii) written examination, and (iii) oral examination. The oral examination is either
1458-450: The Cayuse died and nearly all the Cayuse children perished. Seeing that more whites had survived, the Cayuse blamed the Whitmans for the devastating deaths among their people. The Cayuse tradition held medicine men personally responsible for the patient's recovery. Their despair at the deaths, especially of their children, led the Cayuse under Chief Tiloukaikt to kill the Whitmans in their home on November 29, 1847. Warriors destroyed most of
1512-488: The Class of 2023 (enrolling Fall 2019), Whitman received 4,823 applications and accepted 2,697 (55.9%), with 425 enrolling. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolling freshmen was 630-710 for evidence-based reading and writing, and 610-740 for math. The middle 50% ACT score range was 25-31 for math, 30-35 for English, and 28-33 for the composite. For 2020, students of color (including non-citizens) made up 36.8% of
1566-720: The French, Spanish, or German languages. These houses, like most of the residential architecture of Walla Walla, are in the Victorian or Craftsman style. In addition to property in Walla Walla, the college also has about 22,000 acres (89 km ) of other land holdings – mainly in the form of wheat farms in Eastern Washington and Oregon. Of special note: the Johnston Wilderness Campus, which
1620-547: The United States' claim to the Oregon country, as well as his purported leadership role in the emigration, were greatly exaggerated in the decades following his death, leading to great controversy in popular and academic literature. After Whitman's death, Spalding energetically promoted the idea that Marcus Whitman had traveled east to Washington in order to "save" the Oregon Territory from British control by convincing
1674-614: The Walla Walla Valley. The office that emerged, the Student Engagement Center (SEC), houses community service and career services in one place. Students and alumni can get assistance with resumes, cover letters, networking, internships, interviews, grad school applications, and civic engagement in the SEC. Whitman's admission selectivity is considered "more selective" by U.S. News & World Report . For
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1728-428: The Whitman mission site, local pressure and resources provided a way for the school to open in the burgeoning town of Walla Walla. In 1866, Walla Walla's wealthiest citizen, Dorsey Baker , donated land near his house to the east of downtown. A two-story wood-frame building was quickly erected and classes began later that year. The school's first principal, local Congregational minister Peasly B. Chamberlin, resigned within
1782-479: The buildings at Waiilatpu and killed twelve other white settlers in the community, kidnapping many children and forcibly marrying them in certain cases. The events became known among white settlers as the Whitman massacre . The Cayuse held another 53 women and children captive for a month before releasing them through negotiations. These events, and continued white encroachment, triggered a continuing conflict between
1836-590: The college adopted the new mascot for the school and its athletes of the "Blues", named after the local mountain range . Whitman's athletic teams had formerly used the nickname "Missionaries". As a junior in 2012–13, basketball player Ben Eisenhardt led the Northwest Conference (NWC) in scoring (442 points), became the first Missionary to be named to the National Association of Basketball Coaches Division 3 All-American Third Team as
1890-484: The college into an advanced technical and science center. To aid fundraising, Penrose abandoned affiliation with the Congregational Church, and became unaffiliated with any denomination. The prep school was closed and fraternities and sororities were introduced to the campus. Ultimately, this program was unable to raise enough capital; in 1912, the plan was abandoned and Whitman College returned to being
1944-549: The country. At the same time, Whitman alumni give Chinese university students the rare chance to study with an English native speaker. Whitman also offers a large range of year- or semester-long off-campus study programs - 88 programs across 40 countries, and a few short-term, faculty-led programs. In 2010, under the leadership of (former) President George Bridges, Whitman centralized and integrated various programs intended to help students connect their in-class learning to off-campus work, volunteer, and internship opportunities in
1998-493: The false claim that the missionary had been pivotal in the annexation by the United States of Oregon Territory ), Penrose was able to gain support and resources for the college. Under his leadership, the faculty was strengthened and the first masonry buildings, Billings Hall and the Whitman Memorial Building, were constructed. In 1907, Penrose began a plan called "Greater Whitman" which sought to transform
2052-560: The former president of the Territorial University (now the University of Washington), came to turn the institution into a college and become its president. After modeling the institution after New England liberal arts colleges, Anderson opened the school, Whitman College , on September 4, 1882 ( Marcus Whitman 's birthday) with an enrollment of 60 students and three senior faculty (Anderson, his wife and son). In 1883,
2106-475: The incoming class; international students were 8.8% of enrolling freshmen. In May 2022, Whitman College announced a $ 10 million donation made in memory of long-time professor of 35 years J.Walter Weingart. The donation is set to fund full scholarships for all in-state students with financial need. The J. Waler and Katherine Weingart opportunity scholarship will begin distribution in 2023 and will annually support 500 in-state students. Whitman holds membership in
2160-473: The last winning season was in 1969. Of the 1,579 undergraduate students enrolled in Whitman College in the fall of 2019, 55.3% were female and 44.7% male. There are over one hundred student activities, many of which focus on student activism and social improvement, such as Whitman Direct Action and Global Medicine. Greek life has a long history at Whitman, with many chapters dating back to
2214-409: The main campus, filling the artificially created "Lakum Duckum", the heart of campus and the habitat for many of Whitman's beloved ducks. The oldest building on campus is the administrative center, Whitman Memorial Building, commonly referred to as "Mem". Built in 1899, the hall, like the college, serves as a memorial to Marcus and Narcissa Prentiss Whitman . The building is the tallest on campus and
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2268-658: The next half-century. Whitman is commemorated by Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington , the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest , Mount Rainier 's Whitman Glacier , and numerous schools, including Marcus Whitman Middle School in Port Orchard, Washington; Marcus Whitman Junior High School in Seattle, Washington; and Marcus Whitman Central School in Rushville, New York, his hometown. His mission
2322-579: The school received a collegiate charter and began expanding with aid from the Congregational American College and Education Society . Despite local support for Whitman College and help from the Congregational community, financial troubles set in for the school. After losing favor with some of the school's supporters, Anderson left Whitman in 1891 to be replaced by Reverend James Francis Eaton. The continuing recession of
2376-516: The settlers and the Cayuse that became known as the Cayuse War . Five Cayuse were hanged for murder. Historians have noted contemporary accounts of competition between the Protestant missionaries and Catholic priests, who had become established with Jesuit missions from Canada and St. Louis, Missouri , as contributing to the tensions. The Roman Catholic priest John Baptiste Brouillet aided
2430-502: The survivors and helped bury the victims. Two days later Brouillet encountered Rev. Henry H. Spalding on his way to the Whitmans', told him what had happened, and warned him that he might be in danger. Spalding later wrote a pamphlet stating forcefully that the Catholic priests, including Father Brouillet, had incited the Cayuse to massacre. Spalding's version of the disaster was printed and reprinted, sometimes at taxpayer expense, for
2484-569: The university of their choice in return for three years of service as a Foreign Service Officer. Whitman has a number of alumni who serve in diplomatic corps . Whitman also offers combined programs in conjunction with several institutions throughout the United States: Whitman offers a "Semester in the West" program, a field study program in environmental studies , focusing on ecological, social, and political issues confronting
2538-531: The winter of 1842, Whitman went back east, returning the following summer with the first large wagon train of settlers across the Oregon Trail . These new settlers encroached on the Cayuse Indians living near the Whitman Mission and were unsuccessful in their efforts to Christianize the tribe. Following the deaths of many nearby Cayuse from an outbreak of measles, some remaining Cayuse accused Whitman of murder, suggesting that he had administered poison and
2592-475: Was a failed shaman . In retaliation, a group of Cayuse killed the Whitmans and eleven other settlers on November 29, 1847, an event that came to be known as the Whitman massacre . This led to continuing warfare between settlers and the Cayuse which reduced their numbers further. On September 4, 1802, Whitman was born in Federal Hollow, New York to Beza and Alice Whitman. After Beza's death when Whitman
2646-461: Was led by the mountain men Milton Sublette and Thomas Fitzpatrick . The fur traders had seven covered wagons , each pulled by six mules . An additional cart drawn by two mules carried Milton Sublette, who had lost a leg a year earlier and walked on a "cork" one made by a friend. The combined group arrived in time for the fur-traders' annual Rocky Mountain Rendezvous . The group established several missions as well as Whitman's settlement at
2700-656: Was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. Whitman's 117 acre campus is located in downtown Walla Walla, Washington. Most of the campus is centered around a quad, which serves as the location for intramural field sports. Around this, Ankeny Field, sits Penrose Library, Olin Hall and Maxey Hall, and two residence halls, Lyman and Jewett. South of Ankeny Field, College Creek meanders through
2754-537: Was open for settlement by American pioneers, Cushing Eells traveled from the Willamette Valley to Waiilatpu, near present-day Walla Walla, where 12 years earlier, Congregationalist missionaries Marcus Whitman and Narcissa Whitman , along with 12 others were killed by a group of Cayuse Indians during the Whitman Massacre . While at the site, Eells became determined to establish
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#17327929696982808-726: Was placed on the National Historical Register of Historic Places in 1974. The oldest residence halls on campus, Lyman House and Prentiss Hall, were built in 1924 and 1926. Over the next fifty years, the college built or purchased several other buildings to house students, including the former Walla Walla Valley General Hospital, which was transformed into North Hall in 1978. In addition to the nine residence halls, many students choose to live in one of eleven "Interest Houses," run for sophomore, juniors, and seniors committed to specific focuses such as community service, fine arts, environmental studies, multicultural awareness, or
2862-458: Was seven, he was sent to Massachusetts to live with his uncle. Whitman dreamed of becoming a minister but did not have the money for such schooling. He returned to New York as a young man. He studied medicine for two years with an experienced physician under the form of apprenticeship approved then, and received his degree from Fairfield Medical College in New York. He practiced medicine for
2916-535: Was subsequently killed by the Cayuse Indians in a event known as the 1847 Whitman massacre , over a misunderstanding, resulting in the beginning of the Cayuse war (1847-1855). In 1836, Marcus Whitman led an overland party by wagon to the West. He and his wife, Narcissa , along with Reverend Henry Spalding and his wife, Eliza, and William Gray, founded a mission near present-day Walla Walla, Washington in an effort to convert local Indians to Christianity. In
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