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82-561: Stockholm Skavsta Airport ( Swedish : Stockholm Skavsta flygplats ) ( IATA : NYO , ICAO : ESKN ), or Nyköping Airport is an international airport in Nyköping Municipality , Sweden, 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Nyköping and approximately 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Stockholm . It is served primarily by low-cost airlines and cargo operators , and is the fifth-busiest airport in Sweden. The airport
164-445: A common gender with the definite suffix -en and the definite article den , in contrast with the neuter gender equivalents -et and det . The verb system was also more complex: it included subjunctive and imperative moods and verbs were conjugated according to person as well as number . By the 16th century, the case and gender systems of the colloquial spoken language and the profane literature had been largely reduced to
246-477: A guttural or "French R" pronunciation in the South Swedish dialects ; consequently, these dialects lack retroflex consonants . Swedish is a stress-timed language, where the time intervals between stressed syllables are equal. However, when casually spoken, it tends to be syllable-timed . Any stressed syllable carries one of two tones , which gives Swedish much of its characteristic sound. Prosody
328-429: A 25-year term. In April 2018, Vinci Airports announced the acquisition of Airports Worldwide, a U.S. airport concession company, and thus became concessionaire for 8 airports including Belfast International Airport , Northern Ireland , Stockholm-Skavsta Airport , Sweden , Orlando-Sanford Airport , U.S.A. , and Guanacaste Airport , Costa Rica . In December 2018 Vinci Airports reached an agreement to buy 50.01% of
410-537: A change from tauþr into tuþr . Moreover, the øy diphthong changed into a long, close ø , as in the Old Norse word for "island". By the end of the period, these innovations had affected most of the Runic Swedish-speaking area as well, with the exception of the dialects spoken north and east of Mälardalen where the diphthongs still exist in remote areas. Old Swedish (Swedish: fornsvenska )
492-528: A conversation. Due to the close relation between the Scandinavian languages, a considerable proportion of speakers of Danish and especially Norwegian are able to understand Swedish. There is considerable migration between the Nordic countries , but owing to the similarity between the cultures and languages (with the exception of Finnish ), expatriates generally assimilate quickly and do not stand out as
574-747: A group. According to the 2000 United States Census , some 67,000 people over the age of five were reported as Swedish speakers, though without any information on the degree of language proficiency. Similarly, there were 16,915 reported Swedish speakers in Canada from the 2001 census. Although there are no certain numbers, some 40,000 Swedes are estimated to live in the London area in the United Kingdom. Outside Sweden and Finland, there are about 40,000 active learners enrolled in Swedish language courses. In
656-684: A journey which currently takes around 90 minutes by coach. As part of the project, various existing structures at the airport will need to be modified, rebuilt, or relocated. In October 2023, the Swedish Transport Administration announced an agreement to provide SEK 385 million to the Arlandastad Group in compensation for the works. [REDACTED] Media related to Stockholm-Skavsta Airport at Wikimedia Commons Swedish language Swedish ( endonym : svenska [ˈsvɛ̂nːska] )
738-629: A large proportion of the remaining 100,000 in the Scandinavian countries, France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada and Australia. Over three million people speak Swedish as a second language, with about 2,410,000 of those in Finland. According to a survey by the European Commission , 44% of respondents from Finland who did not have Swedish as a native language considered themselves to be proficient enough in Swedish to hold
820-425: A more abstract sense, such as that set of fish; while fisken means "the fish". In certain cases, the definite form indicates possession, e. g., jag måste tvätta hår et ("I must wash my hair"). Adjectives are inflected in two declensions – indefinite and definite – and they must match the noun they modify in gender and number. The indefinite neuter and plural forms of an adjective are usually created by adding
902-435: A noun. They can double as demonstrative pronouns or demonstrative determiners when used with adverbs such as här ("here") or där ("there") to form den/det här (can also be "denna/detta") ("this"), de här (can also be "dessa") ("these"), den/det där ("that"), and de där ("those"). For example, den där fisken means "that fish" and refers to a specific fish; den fisken is less definite and means "that fish" in
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#1732790499379984-636: A special branch of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland has official status as the regulatory body for Swedish in Finland. Among its highest priorities is to maintain intelligibility with the language spoken in Sweden. It has published Finlandssvensk ordbok , a dictionary about the differences between Swedish in Finland and Sweden. From the 13th to 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia , particularly on
1066-442: A suffix ( -t or -a ) to the common form of the adjective, e. g., en grön stol (a green chair), ett grönt hus (a green house), and gröna stolar ("green chairs"). The definite form of an adjective is identical to the indefinite plural form, e. g., den gröna stolen ("the green chair"), det gröna huset ("the green house"), and de gröna stolarna ("the green chairs"). Swedish pronouns are similar to those of English. Besides
1148-413: A village, Gammalsvenskby ("Old Swedish Village"). A few elderly people in the village still speak a Swedish dialect and observe the holidays of the Swedish calendar, although their dialect is most likely facing extinction. From 1918 to 1940, when Estonia was independent, the small Swedish community was well treated. Municipalities with a Swedish majority, mainly found along the coast, used Swedish as
1230-636: Is 108 kilometres (67 mi). Flygbussarna operate coaches directly between Stockholm Skavsta Airport and Cityterminalen Bus Terminal in Central Stockholm. These are scheduled according to the flight schedule, and the journey time is approximately 90 minutes. There are also airport buses to Södertälje , Linköping , Norrköping , and local stops in the southern parts of Stockholm . Local bus services are available to Nyköping's city centre and its railway station. The railway station in Nyköping
1312-481: Is 7 kilometres (4 mi) away. It is served by regional trains (operated by Mälartåg) on the Norrköping–Stockholm route. Local buses and taxis provide connections to the airport. The East Link (Ostlänken) high-speed rail project is planned to include a station at Skavsta Airport, to be opened by 2035. This is expected reduce the travel time between Stockholm Central Station and Skavsta airport to 52 minutes,
1394-676: Is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family , spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland . It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the fourth most spoken Germanic language , and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall. Swedish, like the other Nordic languages , is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during
1476-892: Is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages . In the established classification, it belongs to the East Scandinavian languages , together with Danish , separating it from the West Scandinavian languages , consisting of Faroese , Icelandic , and Norwegian . However, more recent analyses divide the North Germanic languages into two groups: Insular Scandinavian (Faroese and Icelandic), and Continental Scandinavian (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish), based on mutual intelligibility due to heavy influence of East Scandinavian (particularly Danish) on Norwegian during
1558-481: Is generally seen as adding specific Central Swedish features to the new Bible. Though it might seem as if the Bible translation set a very powerful precedent for orthographic standards, spelling actually became more inconsistent during the remainder of the century. It was not until the 17th century that spelling began to be discussed, around the time when the first grammars were written. Capitalization during this time
1640-596: Is located far outside Stockholm Municipality and Stockholm County, but is named Stockholm for marketing purposes, and is included in STO, the IATA airport code for all Stockholm airports. Locally the airport is referred to simply as Skavsta . Stockholm's main international airport is Stockholm Arlanda Airport . The airfield was established between 1940 and 1941 and was initially part of the Nyköping garrison . Named Nyköping - Oxelösund Airport (Nyköping-Oxelösunds flygplats) It
1722-538: Is marked primarily through suffixes (endings), complemented with separate definite and indefinite articles . The prosody features both stress and in most dialects tonal qualities. The language has a comparatively large vowel inventory. Swedish is also notable for the voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative , a highly variable consonant phoneme . Swedish nouns and adjectives are declined in genders as well as number . Nouns are of common gender ( en form) or neuter gender ( ett form). The gender determines
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#17327904993791804-568: Is often one of the most noticeable differences between dialects. The standard word order is, as in most Germanic languages , V2 , which means that the finite verb (V) appears in the second position (2) of a declarative main clause . Swedish morphology is similar to English; that is, words have comparatively few inflections . Swedish has two genders and is generally seen to have two grammatical cases – nominative and genitive (except for pronouns that, as in English, also are inflected in
1886-638: Is one of the official languages of the European Union , and one of the working languages of the Nordic Council . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Swedish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for interpretation or translation costs. The Swedish Language Council ( Språkrådet )
1968-475: Is termed nusvenska (lit., "Now-Swedish") in linguistics, and started in the last decades of the 19th century. It saw a democratization of the language with a less formal written form that approached the spoken one. The growth of a public school system also led to the evolution of so-called boksvenska (literally, "book Swedish"), especially among the working classes, where spelling to some extent influenced pronunciation, particularly in official contexts. With
2050-527: Is the predominant language; in 19 municipalities , 16 of which are located in Åland , Swedish is the sole official language. Åland county is an autonomous region of Finland. According to a rough estimation, as of 2010 there were up to 300,000 Swedish-speakers living outside Sweden and Finland. The largest populations were in the United States (up to 100,000), the UK, Spain and Germany (c. 30,000 each) and
2132-455: Is the regulator of Swedish in Sweden but does not attempt to enforce control of the language, as for instance the Académie française does for French . However, many organizations and agencies require the use of the council's publication Svenska skrivregler in official contexts, with it otherwise being regarded as a de facto orthographic standard. Among the many organizations that make up
2214-407: Is the sole official language of Åland (an autonomous province under the sovereignty of Finland), where the vast majority of the 26,000 inhabitants speak Swedish as a first language. In Finland as a whole, Swedish is one of the two "national" languages, with the same official status as Finnish (spoken by the majority) at the state level and an official language in some municipalities . Swedish
2296-631: Is the term used for the medieval Swedish language. The start date is usually set to 1225 since this is the year that Västgötalagen ("the Västgöta Law") is believed to have been compiled for the first time. It is among the most important documents of the period written in Latin script and the oldest Swedish law codes . Old Swedish is divided into äldre fornsvenska (1225–1375) and yngre fornsvenska (1375–1526), "older" and "younger" Old Swedish. Important outside influences during this time came with
2378-465: The Gustav Vasa Bible , a translation deemed so successful and influential that, with revisions incorporated in successive editions, it remained the most common Bible translation until 1917. The main translators were Laurentius Andreæ and the brothers Laurentius and Olaus Petri . The Vasa Bible is often considered to be a reasonable compromise between old and new; while not adhering to
2460-467: The French vous (see T-V distinction ). Ni wound up being used as a slightly less familiar form of du , the singular second person pronoun, used to address people of lower social status. With the liberalization and radicalization of Swedish society in the 1950s and 1960s, these class distinctions became less important, and du became the standard, even in formal and official contexts. Though
2542-518: The United States , particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a significant Swedish-speaking immigrant population. This was notably true in states like Minnesota , where many Swedish immigrants settled. By 1940, approximately 6% of Minnesota's population spoke Swedish. Although the use of Swedish has significantly declined, it is not uncommon to find older generations and communities that still retain some use and knowledge of
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2624-585: The Viking Age . It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish , although the degree of mutual intelligibility is dependent on the dialect and accent of the speaker. Standard Swedish , spoken by most Swedes , is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century, and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional varieties and rural dialects still exist,
2706-581: The nationalist ideas that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the languages have separate orthographies , dictionaries, grammars, and regulatory bodies. Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish are thus from a linguistic perspective more accurately described as a dialect continuum of Scandinavian (North Germanic), and some of the dialects, such as those on the border between Norway and Sweden, especially parts of Bohuslän , Dalsland , western Värmland , western Dalarna , Härjedalen , Jämtland , and Scania , could be described as intermediate dialects of
2788-410: The object form) – although it is debated if the genitive in Swedish should be seen as a genitive case or just the nominative plus the so-called genitive s , then seen as a clitic . Swedish has two grammatical numbers – plural and singular . Adjectives have discrete comparative and superlative forms and are also inflected according to gender, number and definiteness . The definiteness of nouns
2870-399: The 1950s, when their use was removed from all official recommendations. A very significant change in Swedish occurred in the late 1960s, with the so-called du-reformen . Previously, the proper way to address people of the same or higher social status had been by title and surname. The use of herr ("Mr." or "Sir"), fru ("Mrs." or "Ma'am") or fröken ("Miss") was considered
2952-473: The 1990s. The Coast Guard's three Bombardier Dash 8 Q-300 aircraft are based at Skavsta. The F11 Museum, inaugurated in 1991, is located at Stockholm Skavsta Airport. It showcases Sweden's military aviation history from 1941 to 1980, featuring preserved aircraft, flight simulators and educational exhibits, reflecting the evolution of Swedish air reconnaissance during World War II and the Cold War. Because
3034-485: The 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse , evolved into Old Norse. This language underwent more changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects: Old West Norse (Norway, the Faroe Islands and Iceland) and Old East Norse (Denmark and Sweden). The dialects of Old East Norse spoken in Sweden are called Runic Swedish , while
3116-535: The COVID-19 pandemic and Ryanair's departure from Skavsta resulted in a 70% reduction in passenger numbers at Stockholm Skavsta Airport between 2019 and 2023. In April 2022, Vinci Airports sold its 90.1% stake in Stockholm Skavsta Airport to the Swedish real estate company Arlandastad Group AB for a purchase price of SEK 117 million, of which SEK 29 million was paid in cash and the rest through
3198-471: The Modern Swedish period were the gradual assimilation of several different consonant clusters into the fricative [ʃ] and later into [ɧ] . There was also the gradual softening of [ɡ] and [k] into [j] and the fricative [ɕ] before front vowels . The velar fricative [ɣ] was also transformed into the corresponding plosive [ɡ] . The period that includes Swedish as it is spoken today
3280-584: The Spanish ACDL group acquired TBI Limited , which owned and managed the airport. This ownership structure remained in place until 2013, when most of ACDL's airport assets, including Skavsta, were sold to the Canadian pension fund OMERS Strategic Investments . In October 2007, Ryanair launched six new routes from Stockholm Skavsta Airport. The newly introduced destinations included Baden-Baden, Basel, Berlin, Bratislava, Pisa, and Valencia. This expansion
3362-601: The Swedish Language Council, the Swedish Academy (established 1786) is arguably the most influential. Its primary instruments are the spelling dictionary Svenska Akademiens ordlista ( SAOL , currently in its 14th edition) and the dictionary Svenska Akademiens Ordbok , in addition to various books on grammar, spelling and manuals of style. Although the dictionaries have a prescriptive element, they mainly describe current usage. In Finland,
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3444-502: The administrative language and Swedish-Estonian culture saw an upswing. However, most Swedish-speaking people fled to Sweden before the end of World War II , that is, before the invasion of Estonia by the Soviet army in 1944. Only a handful of speakers remain. Swedish dialects have either 17 or 18 vowel phonemes , 9 long and 9 short. As in the other Germanic languages, including English, most long vowels are phonetically paired with one of
3526-406: The airport furloughed around 120 employees, as flight traffic came to a near standstill with only a handful of departures per week. In May 2021, Ryanair announced it would relocate all routes from Skavsta to Stockholm Arlanda Airport by October 2021. After initially claiming the option to leave some operations from Skavsta, Ryanair left the airport entirely on 30 October 2021. The dual impact of
3608-641: The airport is located 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Harpsund , the official leisure residence for the Prime Minister of Sweden , to which foreign heads of governments sometimes are invited, Skavsta is sometimes used for flights for a head of government . The Swedish Border Police have a station at Stockholm Skavsta Airport. The following airlines offer scheduled services to and from Stockholm Skavsta Airport: Both short and long-term parking facilities are available. The terminal can be reached by foot from all parking areas. The road distance from Stockholm
3690-462: The assumption of debts. In October 2023, Wizz Air relocated two major routes to Budapest and Gdansk from Skavsta to Arlanda. In December 2022, Norwegian Air announced plans to start operating flights from Stockholm Skavsta Airport in April 2023, marking its debut at the airport with seasonal routes to Malaga and Alicante. The inaugural flights took place on 1 and 2 April 2023. This was followed by
3772-504: The colloquial spoken language of its day, it was not overly conservative in its use of archaic forms. It was a major step towards a more consistent Swedish orthography . It established the use of the vowels "å", "ä", and "ö", and the spelling "ck" in place of "kk", distinguishing it clearly from the Danish Bible, perhaps intentionally, given the ongoing rivalry between the countries. All three translators came from central Sweden, which
3854-403: The declension of the adjectives . For example, the word fisk ("fish") is a noun of common gender ( en fisk ) and can have the following forms: The definite singular form of a noun is created by adding a suffix ( -en , -n , -et or -t ), depending on its gender and if the noun ends in a vowel or not. The definite articles den , det , and de are used for variations to the definitiveness of
3936-541: The dialects of Denmark are referred to as Runic Danish . The dialects are described as "runic" because the main body of text appears in the runic alphabet . Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which had only 16 letters. Because the number of runes was limited, some runes were used for a range of phonemes , such as
4018-455: The entry of low-cost carriers into the Swedish market. Before Ryanair's arrival, the lowest round-trip fare from Stockholm to London was approximately 2,065 SEK with Malmö Aviation , while Ryanair's fare from Skavsta was approximately 990 SEK. In 1998, Nyköping Municipality sold 90.1% of the ownership of Stockholm Skavsta Airport to the British airport operating company TBI Limited , with
4100-545: The firm establishment of the Christian church and various monastic orders, introducing many Greek and Latin loanwords. With the rise of Hanseatic power in the late 13th and early 14th century, Middle Low German became very influential. The Hanseatic league provided Swedish commerce and administration with a large number of Low German -speaking immigrants. Many became quite influential members of Swedish medieval society, and brought terms from their native languages into
4182-430: The industrialization and urbanization of Sweden well under way by the last decades of the 19th century, a new breed of authors made their mark on Swedish literature . Many scholars, politicians and other public figures had a great influence on the emerging national language, among them prolific authors like the poet Gustaf Fröding , Nobel laureate Selma Lagerlöf and radical writer and playwright August Strindberg . It
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#17327904993794264-704: The introduction of flights to Palma de Mallorca starting 1 May 2023. In January 2024 Norwegian announced that it would expand to year-round flights to Malaga and Alicante from November 2024. In 2023 Stockholm Skavsta Airport was designated as an official contingency airport (Beredskapsflygplats) by the Swedish government. This new status means the airport is available for essential air transport services 24/7, including for healthcare, rescue services, firefighting aircraft, and total defence needs. The Swedish Coast Guard commenced its aviation operations at Skavsta Airport in 1986 and has maintained it as its primary base since
4346-614: The islands (e. g., Hiiumaa , Vormsi , Ruhnu ; in Swedish, known as Dagö , Ormsö , Runö , respectively) along the coast of the Baltic , communities that today have all disappeared. The Swedish-speaking minority was represented in parliament , and entitled to use their native language in parliamentary debates. After the loss of Estonia to the Russian Empire in the early 18th century, around 1,000 Estonian Swedish speakers were forced to march to southern Ukraine , where they founded
4428-484: The language, particularly in rural communities like Lindström and Scandia . Swedish is the official main language of Sweden. Swedish is also one of two official languages of Finland. In Sweden, it has long been used in local and state government, and most of the educational system, but remained only a de facto primary language with no official status in law until 2009. A bill was proposed in 2005 that would have made Swedish an official language, but failed to pass by
4510-490: The last millennium and divergence from both Faroese and Icelandic. By many general criteria of mutual intelligibility, the Continental Scandinavian languages could very well be considered dialects of a common Scandinavian language. However, because of several hundred years of sometimes quite intense rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, including a long series of wars from the 16th to 18th centuries, and
4592-661: The leading Mexican airport operator, which operates 13 airports in that country. in July 2023, it was announced Vinci Airports had secured €60 million in financing to acquire seven airports in Cape Verde and subsequently took over the operations of the airports On June 6, 2024, the government of Hungary announced that, together with Vinci Airports, they have purchased Budapest Airport, the operator of Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport, from its previous owners. Hungary and Vinci, after paying €3.1 billion in cash and assuming
4674-738: The municipality retaining a 9.9% stake. This sale was part of TBI's strategy to acquire and manage several airports, which included London Luton Airport , Belfast International Airport , and Orlando Sanford International Airport . In April 2003, Ryanair established its first Scandinavian base at Stockholm Skavsta Airport. The airline stationed three Boeing 737-800 aircraft there, and expanded its route network to destinations across Europe including Glasgow, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Paris, Oslo, Aarhus and Tampere. In July 2004, Wizz Air began operations at Skavsta, with flights to destinations in Eastern Europe including Warsaw and Budapest. In early 2005,
4756-577: The narrowest possible margin (145–147) due to a pairing-off failure. A proposal for a broader language law, designating Swedish as the main language of the country and bolstering the status of the minority languages, was submitted by an expert committee to the Swedish Ministry of Culture in March 2008. It was subsequently enacted by the Riksdag , and entered into effect on 1 July 2009. Swedish
4838-421: The national standard languages. Swedish pronunciations also vary greatly from one region to another, a legacy of the vast geographic distances and historical isolation. Even so, the vocabulary is standardized to a level that make dialects within Sweden virtually fully mutually intelligible. East Germanic languages West Germanic languages Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Danish Swedish In
4920-424: The north. An early change that separated Runic Danish from the other dialects of Old East Norse was the change of the diphthong æi to the monophthong é , as in stæinn to sténn "stone". This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read stain and the later stin . There was also a change of au as in dauðr into a long open ø as in døðr "dead". This change is shown in runic inscriptions as
5002-441: The only acceptable way to begin conversation with strangers of unknown occupation, academic title or military rank. The fact that the listener should preferably be referred to in the third person tended to further complicate spoken communication between members of society. In the early 20th century, an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace the insistence on titles with ni —the standard second person plural pronoun)—analogous to
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#17327904993795084-466: The operation of Santiago de Chile Airport for 20 years. It was also in 2015 that Vinci Airports and its partner Orix were appointed prospective concessionaires for Kansai and Osaka International airports for a 44-year period starting 1 April 2016. In 2018 Vinci Airports signed the concession contract for Belgrade Airport , Serbia and officially became the concessionaire in December 2018 for
5166-402: The original Germanic three- gender system. Nouns , adjectives , pronouns and certain numerals were inflected in four cases; besides the extant nominative , there were also the genitive (later possessive ), dative and accusative . The gender system resembled that of modern German , having masculine, feminine and neuter genders. The masculine and feminine genders were later merged into
5248-480: The reform was not an act of any centralized political decree, but rather the result of sweeping change in social attitudes, it was completed in just a few years, from the late 1960s to early 1970s. The use of ni as a polite form of address is sometimes encountered today in both the written and spoken language, particularly among older speakers. Swedish is the sole official national language of Sweden , and one of two in Finland (alongside Finnish ). As of 2006, it
5330-468: The rune for the vowel u , which was also used for the vowels o , ø and y , and the rune for i , also used for e . From 1200 onwards, the dialects in Denmark began to diverge from those of Sweden. The innovations spread unevenly from Denmark, creating a series of minor dialectal boundaries, or isoglosses , ranging from Zealand in the south to Norrland , Österbotten and northwestern Finland in
5412-629: The shares in Gatwick Airport Limited, the company that owns London Gatwick Airport , from its current shareholders, enabling it to become the majority shareholder for €3.2 billion. In 2021 Vinci Airports won the concession for seven new airports ( Manaus , Tabatinga, Téfé , Cruzeiro do Sul , Porto Velho, Rio Branco , Boa Vista ) in the Amazon region of northern Brazil , for 30 years. In December 2022 Vinci Airports acquired 30% of OMA ( Grupo Aeroportuario del Centro Norte ),
5494-444: The short /e/ (transcribed ⟨ ɛ ⟩ in the chart below). There are 18 consonant phonemes, two of which, / ɧ / and /r/ , vary considerably in pronunciation depending on the dialect and social status of the speaker. In many dialects, sequences of /r/ (pronounced alveolarly) with a dental consonant result in retroflex consonants ; alveolarity of the pronunciation of /r/ is a precondition for this retroflexion. /r/ has
5576-428: The short vowels, and the pairs are such that the two vowels are of similar quality , but with the short vowel being slightly lower and slightly centralized. In contrast to e.g. Danish, which has only tense vowels, the short vowels are slightly more lax, but the tense vs. lax contrast is not nearly as pronounced as in English, German or Dutch. In many dialects, the short vowel sound pronounced [ɛ] or [æ] has merged with
5658-477: The subject in a clause, a trait that is restricted to North Germanic languages: Vinci Airports Vinci Airports is a subsidiary of Vinci Group , which develops and operates civil airports. The company develops a network of 65 airports in 12 countries including France, Portugal, Brazil, United States, Cambodia, Japan, Dominican Republic, Chile, Serbia, United Kingdom, and Costa Rica. In 1995, Vinci Airports obtained its first airport concession. A contract
5740-621: The terminal building was inaugurated. The following year, the airport was renamed Stockholm Skavsta Airport (Stockholm Skavsta flygplats) to facilitate marketing and booking systems linked to Stockholm. In 1995, charter services started operating from Skavsta, with flights to Turkey introducing duty-free sales at the airport. The growth of charter operators continued throughout the 1990s, with operators such as Ving, Always, Spies, and Fritidsresor establishing routes from Skavsta. In June 1997, Ryanair launched its first flight from Stockholm Skavsta to London Stansted Airport . This move marked
5822-420: The time, took over the majority 90.1% share of the airport. Between 2018 and 2020 Skavsta was Sweden's third busiest airport . The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on Stockholm Skavsta Airport, pushing it to the brink of bankruptcy. The airport experienced a drastic reduction in passenger traffic, with January 2021 seeing approximately 85% fewer passengers compared to the same month in 2020. In March 2020
5904-534: The two cases and two genders of modern Swedish. A transitional change of the Latin script in the Nordic countries was to spell the letter combination "ae" as æ – and sometimes as a' – though it varied between persons and regions. The combination "ao" was similarly rendered a , and "oe" became o . These three were later to evolve into the separate letters ä , å and ö . The first time the new letters were used in print
5986-517: The two natural genders han and hon ("he" and "she"), there are also the two grammatical genders den and det , usually termed common and neuter . In recent years, a gender-neutral pronoun hen has been introduced, particularly in literary Swedish. Unlike the nouns, pronouns have an additional object form, derived from the old dative form. Hon , for example, has the following nominative, possessive, and object forms: Swedish also uses third-person possessive reflexive pronouns that refer to
6068-439: The vocabulary. Besides a great number of loanwords for such areas as warfare, trade and administration, general grammatical suffixes and even conjunctions were imported. The League also brought a certain measure of influence from Danish (at the time Swedish and Danish were much more similar than today). Early Old Swedish was markedly different from the modern language in that it had a more complex case structure and also retained
6150-530: The written language is uniform and standardized . Swedish is the most widely spoken second language in Finland where its status is co- official language . Swedish was long spoken in parts of Estonia , although the current status of the Estonian Swedish speakers is almost extinct. It is also used in the Swedish diaspora , most notably in Oslo , Norway, with more than 50,000 Swedish residents. Swedish
6232-484: Was during the 20th century that a common, standardized national language became available to all Swedes. The orthography finally stabilized and became almost completely uniform, with some minor deviations, by the time of the spelling reform of 1906. With the exception of plural forms of verbs and a slightly different syntax, particularly in the written language, the language was the same as the Swedish of today. The plural verb forms appeared decreasingly in formal writing into
6314-459: Was facilitated by the addition of Boeing 737-800 aircraft, bringing the total number of Ryanair aircraft based at Skavsta to six. Ryanair estimated that approximately 2.5 million passengers would use these new routes. Skavsta's passenger numbers peaked in 2011, with 2,581,639 passengers using the airport. In August 2018, the French company VINCI Airports , which operated 46 airports worldwide at
6396-656: Was in Aff dyäffwlsens frästilse ("By the Devil's temptation") published by Johan Gerson in 1495. Modern Swedish (Swedish: nysvenska ) begins with the advent of the printing press and the European Reformation . After assuming power, the new monarch Gustav Vasa ordered a Swedish translation of the Bible . The New Testament was published in 1526, followed by a full Bible translation in 1541, usually referred to as
6478-523: Was not standardized. It depended on the authors and their background. Those influenced by German capitalized all nouns, while others capitalized more sparsely. It is also not always apparent which letters are capitalized owing to the Gothic or blackletter typeface that was used to print the Bible. This typeface was in use until the mid-18th century, when it was gradually replaced with a Latin typeface (often Antiqua ). Some important changes in sound during
6560-415: Was primarily used by Södermanland Wing (F11) until the wing was decommissioned on 30 June 1980, although some military activities continued in the area until 1985. In November 1983, an agreement was reached between the state and Nyköping Municipality regarding the future of the airport. In September 1984, the airport was inaugurated as a civil airport under the management of the municipality. In 1987
6642-659: Was signed, via its subsidiary Cambodia Airports, until 2040 for the airports of Phnom Penh and Siem Reap . Since 2006, Vinci Airports has also held the concession for a third international airport in Cambodia: Sihanoukville . In France Vinci Airports won its first tender for Grenoble Airport in 2003, followed by a second in 2004 for Chambéry Airport . VINCI Airports was set up in Chile in 2015. The Nuevo Pudahuel consortium, including Vinci Airports (40%), Aéroports de Paris (45%) and Astaldi (15%), took over
6724-537: Was the sole native language of 83% of Swedish residents. In 2007, around 5.5% (c. 290,000) of the population of Finland were native speakers of Swedish, partially due to a decline following the Russian annexation of Finland after the Finnish War 1808–1809. The Fenno-Swedish - speaking minority is concentrated in the coastal areas and archipelagos of southern and western Finland. In some of these areas, Swedish
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