The Stonewall Jackson House , located at 8 East Washington Street in the Historic District of Lexington, Virginia , was the residence of Confederate general Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson from 1858 to 1861.
70-405: The house is a two-story, four-bay, brick dwelling with a large, stone rear addition. It has a side-gable roof and interior end chimneys. The house was constructed in 1800, by Cornelius Dorman. Dr. Archibald Graham purchased the house and significantly expanded it in 1845 by adding a stone addition on the rear and remodeling the front and interior to accommodate his medical practice. Dr. Graham sold
140-582: A property in Lexington, Virginia on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Virginia Military Institute The Virginia Military Institute ( VMI ) is a public senior military college in Lexington, Virginia . It was founded in 1839 as America's first state military college and is the oldest public senior military college in
210-472: A code, such as emergency clauses, clauses providing for specific nonrecurring appropriations and general repealing clauses." The Virginia Code Commission is required to update the printed Code of Virginia at the end of each regular session of the General Assembly prior to the date new statutes and amendments become effective. "Pocket part" supplements— stapled paper updates literally stuck in
280-531: A complete revision, and the General Assembly in turn gave the Code Commission the responsibility for drafting recodification bills. More than 50 titles have been repealed and replaced by successor titles, and thirteen of those have been replaced a second time. With change thus occurring step-by-step, the Code of 1950 continues to remain in force. In 2005, the General Assembly authorized a complete revision of
350-406: A cover pocket of the hardcover volumes—are printed annually. The pocket parts were originally issued biennially, and then annually once the General Assembly began meeting every year in 1970. Volumes are also periodically recompiled and reissued, which has occurred over a hundred times; each of the original volumes of the Code of 1950 has been split at least once into separate parts. Since 1953,
420-475: A letter dated February 27, 1845, addressed to William S. Beale, VMI Class of 1843, Superintendent Smith solicited items to create an Institute museum to inspire and educate cadets. Superintendent Smith accepted a donation of a Revolutionary War musket in 1856, thus establishing the first public museum in the Commonwealth of Virginia. For the first 75 years the museum was a "special collection" administered by
490-483: A liberal education. The school's graduates would contribute to the development of the state and, should the need arise, provide trained officers for the state's militia. After a public relations campaign that included Preston meeting in person with influential business, military and political figures and many open letters from prominent supporters, in 1836 the Virginia legislature passed a bill authorizing creation of
560-667: A month after New Market, Union forces, under the command of General David Hunter , shelled and burned the Institute as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 . The museum was also destroyed (but was later reopened in 1870). The destruction of the buildings was almost complete, and VMI had to temporarily hold classes at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia . One of the reasons that Confederate General Jubal A. Early burned
630-641: A museum. In 1979 the house was carefully restored to its appearance at the time of the Jacksons' occupancy. The house and garden are owned and operated as a historic house museum by the Virginia Military Institute from April through December. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. This Virginia museum–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about
700-462: A retired judge—drafted a proposed code that contained laws enacted through 1916, which was passed by the General Assembly with few amendments in March 1918. The Code of 1919 went into effect on January 13, 1920. The code contained 63 titles, with 6,571 consecutively numbered sections, and was published in an oversized, unannotated single volume and a two-volume annotated edition. Neither version of
770-830: A school at the Lexington arsenal, and the Governor signed the measure into law. The organizers of the planned school formed a board of visitors, which included Preston, and the board selected Claudius Crozet as their first president. Crozet had served as an engineer in Napoleon Bonaparte's army before immigrating to the United States. In America, he served as an engineering professor at West Point, as well as state engineer in Louisiana and mathematics professor at Jefferson College in Convent , Louisiana. Crozet
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#1732786997790840-561: Is an unofficial, competing version issued by West Publishing , which includes more cross-references and West key numbers. The Virginia government also makes the code available without annotations for free on the internet. As of 2008 , the printed Code of Virginia consists of twenty-nine hardcover volumes, with a two-volume subject matter index that is replaced annually. The statutes are fully annotated by Virginia attorneys, and include cites to and summaries of Virginia state and federal court decisions as well as law reviews . The first volume of
910-560: The Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) of the United States Armed Forces programs, but are afforded the flexibility of pursuing civilian endeavors or accepting an officer's commission in the active or reserve components of one of the six U.S. military branches upon graduation. Approximately 65% of VMI graduates enter the military upon graduation, making it one of the largest producers of officers for
980-516: The Revised Statutes of the United States , which simplified citation to Virginia statutes. The revisors submitted the manuscript of their proposed code without having made any written progress reports, which the General Assembly passed without amendment with "An act to revise, arrange, and consolidate into a Code the general statutes of the Commonwealth," approved on May 16, 1887. The Code of 1887 went into effect on May 1, 1888. The flaws of
1050-610: The counties and independent cities of Virginia. In turn, the Code's provisions must comply and be consistent with the Virginia Constitution , as well as the Constitution of the United States and federal law generally, and so its provisions are subject to invalidation by Virginia state or U.S. federal courts upon a finding that they are unconstitutional or preempted by federal legislation. Otherwise, Code provisions remain in effect until amended or repealed by
1120-535: The state militia in the event of invasion or slave revolt. One of them was placed in Lexington. Residents came to resent the presence of the soldiers, whom they saw as drunken and undisciplined. In 1826, one guard beat another to death. Townspeople wanted to keep the arsenal, but sought a new way of guarding it, so as to eliminate the "undesirable element." In 1834, the Franklin Society, a local literary and debate society, debated, "Would it be politic for
1190-523: The École Polytechnique of Paris. So, instead of the mix of military and liberal education imagined by Preston, the board created a military and engineering school offering the most thorough engineering curriculum in America, outside of West Point. Preston was also tasked with hiring VMI's first superintendent. He was persuaded that West Point graduate and former army officer Francis Henney Smith , then professor of mathematics at Hampden–Sydney College ,
1260-435: The Code of 1887 included its lack of provision for supplementation and an outdated index, and the only annotations were citations in the margins that lacked the names of the cases as well as a description of the rulings. John Garland Pollard , a private Richmond attorney who was later to serve as Virginia's attorney general and governor, corrected these errors in a series of privately published editions. His 1894 Amendments to
1330-587: The Code of 1919 had any provision for supplementation, and so the Code of 1919 quickly became outdated, so that as soon as 1923, the director of the State Legislative Reference Bureau published General Laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia to incorporate amendments and assign section numbers to new statutes. In 1924, the Michie Company published The Code of Virginia as Amended to Adjournment of General Assembly 1924, which
1400-645: The Code of 1950, the Virginia Code Commission was made a permanent part of the state's legislative branch and given the responsibility for publishing and maintaining the code. It also has responsibility for publishing the Virginia Administrative Code and Rules of Evidence, as well as Virginia State Bar advisory opinions and Virginia compacts , which it may incorporate into the code. Though the Commission may arrange for
1470-521: The Code of Virginia was printed on slips of paper intended to be pasted over the amended sections. Four years later, Pollard published the Supplement to the Code of Virginia , which only printed amended sections and new laws, with new case annotations. In 1904, Pollard published the two volume Code of Virginia as Amended to Adjournment of General Assembly , which was the first printed Virginia code to be updated regularly, by biennials and supplements. It
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#17327869977901540-453: The Code of Virginia also prints the Virginia Constitution and the Constitution of the United States . The government of Virginia claims copyright over the Code, including the text of statutes. Individual preparers, however, may obtain rights over case annotations, indices, and various notes concerning sections and reference tables they have written. Originally created in 1946 as the Commission on Code Recodification to prepare what became
1610-558: The Codes of 1819, 1849, 1887, and 1919, though other compilations had been printed privately as early as 1733, and other editions have been issued that were not designated full revisions of the code. The official version of the Code of Virginia is published by the Michie Company under contract with the Virginia Code Commission, the governmental body responsible for printing and maintaining the code. West's Annotated Code of Virginia
1680-874: The Confederates. In a matter of minutes, VMI suffered fifty-five casualties with another five cadets killed in action; the cadets were led into battle by the Commandant of Cadets and future VMI Superintendent Colonel Scott Shipp . Shipp was also wounded during the battle. The VMI battalion (of infantry and artillery) received an institutional battle streamer for its part in the battle of New Market, one of only five American institutions to be awarded such an honor. Five cadets were killed in action on May 15: Class of 1865 (Junior) Company D Class of 1867 (Freshman) Company D Class of 1867 (Freshman) Company D Class of 1867 (Freshman) Company B Class of 1867 (Freshman) Company B In addition, five of those wounded in
1750-507: The General Assembly appointed the Virginia Advisory Legislative Council to update the Code of Virginia with a view to emulating the multivolume, annotated codes that more than thirty other states had published by that time. The Council recommended a four-volume code, with provision for pocket part supplementation. The Commission on Code Recodification was created in 1946, and its proposed code was enacted by
1820-408: The General Assembly authorized a new code and appointed three revisors—two former and one future Supreme Court of Appeals judges—to correct contradictions, omissions, and other errors in the statutes "without producing a radical change in the present system." The General Assembly also required the sections of the new code to be numbered in one sequence, following the system adopted in 1873 by
1890-468: The General Assembly has revised the code on a title-by-title basis rather than enacting entirely new revisions of the code as it had in the past. The Commission has the responsibility for drafting title revision and recodification bills. More than 50 titles have been repealed and replaced by successor titles, and nine of those have been replaced a second time. For example, the General Assembly repealed Title 63.1 in 2002 and replaced it with Title 63.2. While
1960-469: The General Assembly on April 6, 1948, with few amendments, and published in 1949 in ten volumes by the Michie Company. The Code of 1950 became effective on February 1, 1950. In 1953, the Virginia Code Commission recommended that the General Assembly revise the law on a title-by-title basis (which was the method followed by the U.S. Congress when it revised the United States Code ) rather than
2030-419: The General Assembly. Changes are added through regular supplements and replacement volumes, rather than the issuance of a completely new code, which has only occurred five times. The Virginia Constitution , Article IV, § 12, which states that " No law shall embrace more than one object, which shall be expressed in its title ", has periodically been used to attack the constitutionality of particular provisions of
2100-600: The Laws of this Commonwealth," and the resulting Code of 1819 entered into force on January 1, 1820. The Revised Code of the Laws of Virginia: Being A Collection of all such Acts of the General Assembly, of a Public and Permanent Nature as are now in Force contained 262 chapters arranged in 23 subject titles and was published in two volumes by Thomas Ritchie , Printer to the Commonwealth. Benjamin Watkins Leigh , member of
2170-743: The State to establish a military school, at the Arsenal, near Lexington, in connection with Washington College, on the plan of the West Point Academy?" They unanimously concluded that it would. Lexington attorney John Thomas Lewis Preston became the most active advocate of the proposal. In a series of three anonymous letters in the Lexington Gazette in 1835, he proposed replacing the arsenal guard with students living under military discipline, receiving some military education, as well as
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2240-513: The United States Army and Marine Corps each year. The Board of Visitors is the supervisory board of the Virginia Military Institute. Although the Governor is ex officio the commander-in-chief of the institute, and no one may be declared a graduate without his signature, he delegates to the board the responsibility for developing the institute's policy. The board appoints the superintendent and approves appointment of members of
2310-541: The United States. In keeping with its founding principles and unlike any other senior military college in the United States, VMI enrolls cadets only and awards bachelor's degrees exclusively. The institute grants degrees in 14 disciplines in engineering, science, and the liberal arts. While Abraham Lincoln first called VMI "The West Point of the South " because of its role during the American Civil War ,
2380-478: The VMI Board of Visitors; in that position he promoted and worked actively for the reconstruction. Scott Shipp, who led cadets at New Market, became the school’s second superintendent in 1890. In 1903, a statue sculpted by Moses Ezekiel , a VMI cadet who had fought and was wounded at New Market, called Virginia Mourning Her Dead , was dedicated. Six of the ten fallen cadets are now buried on VMI grounds behind
2450-700: The VMI library, a common model still in use by many colleges and universities. In the early 20th century, the collection was organized as a public resource and took the form of a modern museum. In 1970, the museum was recognized as its own department, and was professionally accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. Today the VMI Museum System consists of the VMI Museum on the VMI Post,
2520-481: The Virginia Code on the basis that disparate subjects were codified under too broad or vague a topic. The Virginia Supreme Court has repeatedly rejected these arguments, ruling that § 12 does not prevent the Code from being organized around general subject matter, or require the Code to be a literal and detailed index of its contents. Instead, the purpose of this provision was to prevent the General Assembly and
2590-673: The Virginia House of Delegates member and later reporter for the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, was appointed superintendent over the publication by the March 12 Act. The General Assembly, which provided him with an eight-page list of which laws to codify and expressly told him to ignore the date of enactment and categorize them instead by subject. Leigh was assisted by Hening. Several other states had already organized their codes by subject, but conservative jurists, such as those that composed Virginia's bar, preferred
2660-572: The Virginia Militia to be subject to orders of the governor. The cadets are a military corps (the Corps of Cadets) under the command of the superintendent and under the administration of the Commandant of Cadets, and constitute the guard of the institute. In the years after the War of 1812 , the Commonwealth of Virginia built and maintained several arsenals to store weapons intended for use by
2730-754: The Virginia Museum of the Civil War located at the 300-acre New Market Battlefield State Historical Park ; and the Jackson House , interpreting the life of VMI Professor Thomas J. (later "Stonewall") Jackson and his household on the eve of Civil War. VMI cadets and alumni played instrumental roles in the American Civil War . On 14 occasions, the Confederacy called cadets into active military engagements. VMI authorized battle streamers for each one of these engagements but chose to carry only one:
2800-547: The acts of Assembly of Virginia. Official action was not taken until 1808, after Virginia became part of the United States, when the Virginia General Assembly tasked William Waller Hening with the publication of the state's laws. His thirteen volume Statutes at Large (1809–23) was not comprehensive due to the loss of many records, but included all the session laws Hening could find dating from 1619 to 1792, as well as royal charters. Many of these came from
2870-586: The battle later died of their wounds: Class of 1866 (Sophomore) Company A ‣ Promoted to Cadet Third Sergeant, Company C on June 27, 1864, but never served Class of 1866 (Sophomore) Company D ‣ Listed under Company B on the monument Class of 1867 (Freshman) Company B Class of 1867 (Freshman) Company B Class of 1867 (Freshman) Company C Another cadet, William D. Buster, died of typhoid while on service in Richmond in April 1865. On June 12, 1864,
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2940-472: The battle streamer for New Market. Many VMI Cadets were ordered to Camp Lee, at Richmond , to train recruits under Stonewall Jackson. During the war, approximately 1,800 VMI alumni served the South (including 19 in the U.S. Army), with about 250 of them killed in action. VMI alumni were regarded among the best officers, and several distinguished themselves in the Union forces as well. Fifteen graduates rose to
3010-401: The business of the board during recesses. The board has 17 members, including ex officio the adjutant general of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Regular members are appointed by the governor for a four-year term and may be reappointed once. Of the sixteen appointed members, twelve must be alumni of the institute, eight of whom must be residents of Virginia and four must be non-residents; and
3080-591: The code to be published directly by and at the expense of the Commonwealth of Virginia, since 1950 it has contracted the task of printing the code out to the Michie Company . The Commission is composed of ten members, chosen by statute from the following: The Commission has full discretion to publish the code with or without annotations, "to fix the number of volumes; and to decide all questions of form, makeup and arrangement, including title pages, prefaces, annotations, indices, tables of contents and reference, appendices, paper, type, binding and lettering." It also has
3150-563: The commanding Southern general, had held the cadets in reserve and did not use them until Union troops broke through the Confederate lines. Upon seeing the tide of battle turning in favor of the Union forces, Breckinridge stated, "Put the boys in...and may God forgive me for the order." The VMI cadets held the line and eventually pushed forward across an open muddy field, capturing a Union artillery emplacement, and helping to secure victory for
3220-496: The development of institutions and legal doctrines back to the 17th century. It was nonetheless fewer than 1000 pages, something its compilers were proud of. The Code of 1849 was principally the work of former U.S. Congressman and acting governor of Virginia , John M. Patton , and legal scholar and Virginia Supreme Court reporter Conway Robinson. They had been asked by the General Assembly in 1846 to "suggest such contradictions, omissions or imperfections, as they may perceive in
3290-583: The faculty and staff on the recommendation of the superintendent. The board may make bylaws and regulations for their own government and the management of the affairs of the institute, and while the institute is exempt from the Administrative Process Act in accordance with Va. Code (which exempts educational institutions operated by the Commonwealth), some of its regulations are codified at 8VAC 100. The Executive Committee conducts
3360-461: The first 175 years of its lawmaking history. Aside from original manuscript copies that were commonly misplaced or left to rot in county courthouses, information on new legislation was largely spread by word of mouth. Aside from a few collections printed in London, the first unofficial publication of Virginia laws was in 1733, when Virginia newspaper pioneer William Parks published A collection of all
3430-574: The governor of Virginia called upon the cadets from VMI to service. After marching overnight 80 miles (129 km) from Lexington to New Market, on May 15, 1864, 247 cadets then fought at the Battle of New Market , marking the only time in U.S. history wherein the student body of an operating college fought as an organized unit in pitched combat in battle (as recognized by the American Battlefield Trust). General John C. Breckinridge ,
3500-410: The house to then-Major Thomas Jackson, a professor at the nearby Virginia Military Institute , on November 4, 1858, for $ 3000. It is the only house Jackson ever owned. He lived in the brick and stone house with his second wife, Mary Anna Morrison Jackson , until the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. It housed Stonewall Jackson Memorial Hospital from 1907 until 1954; when it was converted to
3570-402: The independent authority to make minor changes to the code without ratification by the General Assembly. Such changes include correcting "unmistakable printer's errors," misspellings, and erroneous cross-references, and updating obsolete references to renamed code titles, governmental officers and agencies. It may also omit provisions "which, in the judgment of the Commission, are inappropriate in
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#17327869977903640-726: The name (Welfare (Social Services)) remained the same, many of the chapters were modified. The Virginia Code Commission undertook the recodification of Title 63.1 in 2000 noting that such title had last been recodified in 1968 and during the intervening 34 years, "much has happened to affect laws governing social services programs and the two disability programs". The Commission rewrote and combined sections "to clarify provisions and to eliminate archaic, obsolete or redundant language" and made some substantive changes to "reflect current practices, delete eliminated programs, or conform provisions to other statutes and regulations". The Commission must also evaluate whether any statutory provisions relating to
3710-488: The nickname has remained because VMI has produced more Army generals than any ROTC program in the United States. Despite the nickname, VMI differs from the federal military service academies in many regards. For example, as of 2019 VMI had a total enrollment of 1,722 cadets (as compared to 4,500 at the Academies) making it one of the smallest NCAA Division I schools in the United States. All VMI cadets must participate in
3780-551: The personal collection of Thomas Jefferson , who had preserved manuscript copies of legislation as early as 1734, and had offered to take on the task of publishing himself decades prior to Hening's work. The Code of 1819 was the first codification in Virginia that organized the statutory law by subject matter. On March 12, 1819, the Virginia General Assembly passed "An Act Providing for the re-publication of
3850-469: The public from being misled as to the nature of a law, such that "vicious legislation" was hidden by a "deceptive title." Though compilations of Virginia legislation were published before the Code of 1819, these were organized by their date of enactment rather than by subject matter, and so lacked the integration of modern codes. The legislation of the Colony of Virginia was not even officially published for
3920-642: The rank of general in the Confederate Army, and one rose to this rank in the Union Army. Just before his famous flank attack at the Battle of Chancellorsville , Jackson looked at his division and brigade commanders, noted the high number of VMI graduates and said, "The Institute will be heard from today." Two of Jackson's four division commanders at Chancellorsville, Generals Robert Rodes and Raleigh Colston , were VMI graduates as were more than twenty of his brigadiers and colonels. On May 14, 1864,
3990-527: The remaining four members must be non-alumni Virginia residents. The Executive Committee consists of the board's president, three vice presidents, and one non-alumnus at large, and is appointed by the board at each annual meeting. Under the militia bill (the Virginia Code of 1860) officers of the institute were recognized as part of the military establishment of the state, and the governor had authority to issue commissions to them in accordance with institute regulations. Current law makes provision for officers of
4060-411: The revised title have failed to be implemented over the previous five years due to the General Assembly failing to appropriate funds, and to recommend that such provisions be repealed. The Commission also makes annual recommendations to the General Assembly regarding which sections are obsolete and should be repealed. The laws published in the Code of Virginia are supreme over local ordinances passed by
4130-484: The school year since November 11, 1839. The Class of 1842 graduated 16 cadets. Living conditions were poor until 1850 when the cornerstone of the new barracks was laid. In 1851 Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson became a member of the faculty and professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy . Under Major Jackson and Major William Gilham , VMI infantry and artillery units were present at the hanging of John Brown at Charles Town , Virginia (now West Virginia ) in 1859. In
4200-404: The statue. In 1912, another statue by Ezekiel, a relica statue of General Jackson, was also donated to the VMI. Code of Virginia The Code of Virginia is the statutory law of the U.S. state of Virginia and consists of the codified legislation of the Virginia General Assembly . The 1950 Code of Virginia is the revision currently in force. The previous official versions were
4270-492: The statutes" and to revise the code "in such as manner as in their opinion will render the said general statutes most concise, plain and intelligible." Patton and Robinson submitted five reports to the General Assembly between 1847 and 1849, and their work was finally adopted and passed by the General Assembly with only minor modifications. The 1849 revision was generally accepted as a modernization of Virginia statutory law and remained in force for almost 40 years, including during
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#17327869977904340-447: The temporary secession of Virginia from the United States during the American Civil War . It also became the first statutory law of West Virginia , when it broke off from Virginia in 1863 to be admitted as a separate state. The code was updated in 1860 and 1873, but neither edition was adopted by the General Assembly as a revision. By the 1870s, the code had expanded to more than 1,500 pages and contained numerous redundancies. In 1884,
4410-519: The town of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania , was in retaliation for the destruction of VMI. In April 1865, Richmond was evacuated due to the impending fall of Petersburg and the VMI Corps of Cadets was disbanded. The Lexington campus reopened for classes on October 17, 1865 with Francis H. Smith returning as superintendent. VMI went on to become a model for other institutions in the South, including Louisiana State University and Texas A&M. After
4480-572: The tradition of dating public acts from the year of independence. Leigh accordingly wrote an apologetic note in his preface to the Code on this issue and retained the dates in the side margin. The Code of 1819 mistakenly included the proposed Titles of Nobility Amendment to the U.S. Constitution , which would have been the Thirteenth Amendment had it been ratified. Modern-day proponents of TONA's enactment incorrectly point to its inclusion as evidence that Virginia had ratified it, but it
4550-456: The war, Matthew Fontaine Maury , the pioneering oceanographer known as the "Pathfinder of the Seas", accepted a teaching position at VMI, holding the physics chair. John Mercer Brooke also joined the school. Similarly, David Hunter Strother, who was chief of staff to General Hunter and had advised the destruction of the institute, served as Adjutant General of the Virginia Militia and member of
4620-599: Was also the Chief Engineer of Virginia and someone whom Thomas Jefferson referred to as, "the smartest mathematician in the United States." The board delegated to Preston the task of deciding what to call the new school, and he created the name Virginia Military Institute. Under Crozet's direction, the board of visitors crafted VMI's program of instruction, basing it off of those of the United States Military Academy and Crozet's alma mater
4690-504: Was also the first to include full case annotations that included summaries of the decisions, which more than half of those of other states had already published. After nearly 30 years without an official revision, the General Assembly passed an act of March 21, 1914, that empowered the governor to appoint a revision committee. The appointed revisors—a private attorney, the dean of the Washington & Lee University law school, and
4760-410: Was merely an editorial error due to incorrect information. The Code of 1849 has been considered the most thorough revision of Virginia law to date. The General Assembly approved it in 1849, and it entered into force on July 1, 1850. The Code of 1849 contained 216 chapters in 56 titles, with individually numbered sections in each chapter. It also included annotations, in the form of footnotes that traced
4830-430: Was prepared by company founder and Supreme Court of Appeals reporter Thomas Johnson Michie. The Michie Code , as it became known, was supplemented after each session of the General Assembly, and a new edition was published in 1930, 1936, and 1942, by which time the one-volume code had grown to more than 3000 pages, and preparers had an increasingly difficult time squeezing new laws into the 1919 section numbering. In 1944,
4900-476: Was the most suitable candidate. Preston successfully recruited Smith, and convinced him to become the first superintendent and Professor of Tactics. After Smith agreed to accept the superintendent's position, Preston applied to join the faculty, and was hired as Professor of Languages. Classes began in 1839, and the first cadet to march a sentinel post was Private John Strange. With few exceptions, there have been sentinels posted at VMI every hour of every day of
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