57-465: Stone Barn Farm is one of a small number of surviving farm properties on Mount Desert Island off the coast of Maine , United States. Located at the junction of Crooked Road and Norway Drive, the farm has a distinctive stone barn, built in 1907, along with a c. 1850 Greek Revival farm house and carriage barn. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, and
114-415: A feature of shellfish consumption. When served freshly shucked (opened) and iced, one may find a liquid inside the shell, called the liquor. Some believe that oysters have the properties of an aphrodisiac . Inter-tidal herbivorous shellfish such as mussels and clams can help people reach a healthy balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fats in their diets, instead of the current Western diets . For this reason,
171-522: A few species of land crabs are eaten, for example Cardisoma guanhumi in the Caribbean . Shellfish are among the most common food allergens . Despite the name, shellfish are not fish . Most shellfish are low on the food chain and eat a diet composed primarily of phytoplankton and zooplankton . Many varieties of shellfish, and crustaceans in particular, are actually closely related to insects and arachnids ; crustaceans make up one of
228-627: A fort, plant their corn, and baptize the indigenous inhabitants. Two months later, on July 2, 1613, Captain Samuel Argall of the English colony of Virginia arrived on board the Treasurer and destroyed their mission. Three of the missionaries were killed and three were wounded. The rest of the company, some twenty in all, were taken prisoner. Argall took many of the prisoners to Jamestown . He eventually returned to Saint-Sauveur and cut down
285-769: A house, "Petite Plaisance", in Northeast Harbor on the island. Yourcenar wrote a large part of her novel Memoires d'Hadrien on the island, and she died there in 1987. Their house is now a museum. Both ladies were cremated and their ashes are buried in the Brookside Cemetery in Somesville . In 1969, College of the Atlantic , the island's first and only institution of higher education, was established in Bar Harbor. In 1986, Friends of Acadia ,
342-420: A modest fee. The rusticators returned to renew friendships with local islanders and, most of all, to savor the fresh salt air, scenery, and relaxed pace. Soon the villagers' cottages and fishermen's huts filled to overflowing, and by 1880, 30 hotels competed for vacationers' dollars. Tourism was becoming the major industry. For a select handful of Americans, the 1880s and the "Gay Nineties" meant affluence on
399-601: A royal land grant on Mount Desert Island. The next year, Bernard attempted to secure his claim by offering free land to colonists. Abraham Somes and James Richardson accepted the offer and settled their families at what is now Somesville. The onset of the American Revolution ended Bernard's plans for Mount Desert Island. In its aftermath, Bernard, who had sided with the British Crown , lost his claim. Massachusetts, now independent of British rule, granted
456-504: A scale without precedent. Mount Desert, still remote from the cities of the East, became a retreat for prominent people of the time. The Rockefellers , Morgans , Fords , Vanderbilts , Carnegies , and Astors chose to spend their summers here. Not content with the simple lodgings then available, these families transformed the landscape of Mount Desert Island with elegant estates, called "cottages". The landscape architect Beatrix Farrand , at
513-519: A separate state, farming and lumbering vied with fishing and shipbuilding as major occupations. Settlers converted hundreds of acres of trees into wood products ranging from schooners and barns to baby cribs and hand tools. Farmers harvested wheat, rye, corn, and potatoes. By 1850, the familiar sights of fishermen and sailors, fish racks and shipyards , revealed a way of life linked to the sea. Quarrying of granite , which could be cut from hills close to deep water anchorage for shipment to major cities on
570-542: A spice with extremely strong, hot flavor), thinly sliced pickled ginger root, and a simple garnish such as shiso (a kitchen herb, member of the mint family) or finely shredded daikon radish, or both. Lobster in particular is a great delicacy in the United States , where families in the Northeast region make them into the centerpiece of a clam bake , usually for special occasions. Lobsters are eaten on much of
627-540: A toxic effect. Some shellfish, such as whelk , contain arsenic . A sample of whelk was found to have a total content of arsenic at 15.42 mg/kg of which 1% is inorganic arsenic. Shellfish caught in Alaska can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). PSP is caused by toxins, namely saxitoxin, released by dinoflagellates , a type of protista (also considered algae), which are extremely poisonous (1000 times more potent than cyanide) and can lead to death by paralyzing
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#1732782423866684-518: Is often narrowly defined as filter-feeding molluscs such as clams, mussels, and oyster to the exclusion of crustaceans and all else. Although the term is primarily applied to marine species, edible freshwater invertebrates such as crayfish and river mussels are also sometimes grouped under the umbrella term "shellfish". Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates. As non-mammalian animals that spend their entire lives in water they are "fish" in an informal sense; however,
741-517: Is scant. The first written descriptions of the indigenous tribes of the Maine coast, recorded 100 years after European trade contacts began, describe people who lived off the land by hunting, fishing, collecting shellfish , and gathering plants and berries. The Wabanaki knew Mount Desert Island as Pemetic, "the sloping land". They built bark-covered conical shelters, and traveled in exquisitely designed birch bark canoes. Historical notes record that
798-404: Is set near Crooked Road, and consists of a wood-frame house and carriage barn, and an unusual gambrel-roofed barn whose first level is stone and granite (the latter quarried from nearby Otter Creek). As of 2020, only its southern gambrel end is clapboarded. The house is 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 stories in height, with a three-bay gabled front sheltered by a hip-roofed porch. Two additions extend to
855-528: Is subject to a conservation easement held by the Maine Coast Heritage Trust . Stone Barn Farm occupies 167 acres (68 ha) of land in north-central Bar Harbor , a rural inland area of the fashionable resort community. It is set on the north side of Crooked Road, just west of its junction with Norway Drive, and consists of 30 acres (12 ha) each of fields and marshland , and about 100 acres (40 ha) of woodland. The farm complex
912-643: Is the 52nd-largest island in the United States , the sixth-largest island in the contiguous United States , and the second-largest island on the Eastern Seaboard , behind Long Island and ahead of Martha's Vineyard . According to the 2010 census, the island has a year-round population of 10,615. In 2017, an estimated 3.5 million tourists visited Acadia National Park on MDI. The island is home to numerous well-known summer colonies such as Northeast Harbor and Bar Harbor . Some residents stress
969-510: Is typically expected with a fjord. Excavations of old Indian sites in the Mount Desert Island region have yielded remains of the native mammals. Bones of wolf, North American beaver ( Castor canadensis ), deer, elk, gray seal ( Halichoerus grypus ), " Indian dog ", and sea mink ( Neogale macrodon ) have been uncovered, as well as large numbers of raccoon, lynx, muskrat, and deer. Although beaver were trapped to extinction on
1026-464: The Acadian orogeny — the collision of Laurentia , Gondwanaland , and Avalonia — caused the formation to fold, thrust, and lift above sea level, where later layers were eroded away and the schist was exposed. The Bar Harbor Formation, which is made up predominantly of sands and silts, and Cranberry Island Formation, made up from volcanic ash and magmatic debris, occurred under similar circumstances in
1083-629: The Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean to satisfy a national demand for shrimp. Locally, prawns and shrimp are often deep fried; in the Cajun and Creole kitchens of Louisiana , shrimp and prawns are a common addition to traditional recipes like jambalaya and certain stews. Crawfish are a well known and much eaten delicacy there, often boiled in huge pots and heavily spiced. In many major cities with active fishing ports, raw oyster bars are also
1140-655: The Silurian and Devonian periods, and were deposited on top of the Ellsworth Schist. However, due to less tectonic activity at that time, their deformation was less severe. Quarrying of granite was historically an important industry. Orogenic activity during the Devonian period gave Mount Desert Island three granite units: the Cadillac Mountain granite, the fine-grained Somesville granite, and
1197-422: The cuisine of New England . The soft-shelled clam is eaten either fried or steamed (and then called " steamers "). Many types of clams can be used for clam chowder , but the quahog , a hard shelled clam also known as a chowder clam, is often used because the long cooking time softens its tougher meat. The Chesapeake Bay and Maryland region has generally been associated more with crabs, but in recent years
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#17327824238661254-737: The Cadwalder Rawle - Rhinelander Jones family summer home Reef Point Estate , designed the gardens for many of these people. Projects included the Chinese-inspired garden at "The Eyrie" for Abby Aldrich Rockefeller at Seal Harbor (1926–35), and the planting plans for subtle roads at Acadia National Park sponsored by John D. Rockefeller Jr. (c.1930). Luxury, refinement, and ostentatious gatherings replaced buckboard rides, picnics, and day-long hikes of an earlier era. Some rusticators also formed "Village Improvement Societies" which constructed hiking trails and walking paths connecting
1311-649: The East Coast; the American lobster ranges from Newfoundland down to about the Carolinas , but is most often associated with Maine . A typical meal involves boiling the lobster with some slight seasoning and then serving it with drawn butter, baked potato , and corn on the cob . Clamming is done both commercially and recreationally along the Northeast coastline of the US. Various type of clams are incorporated into
1368-536: The Island's villages to its interior mountains. For over 40 years, the wealthy held sway at Mount Desert, but the Great Depression and World War II marked the end of such extravagance. The final blow came in 1947 when a fire of monumental proportions consumed many of the great estates. In 1901, George B. Dorr , disturbed by the growing development of the Bar Harbor area and the dangers he foresaw in
1425-515: The Wabanaki wintered in interior forests and spent their summers near the coast. Archeological evidence suggests the opposite pattern; in order to avoid harsh inland winters and to take advantage of salmon runs upstream, Native Americans wintered on the coast and summered inland. The first meeting between the indigenous inhabitants of Pemetic and the Europeans is a matter of conjecture, but it
1482-485: The act establishing Lafayette National Park, the first national park east of the Mississippi . Dorr, whose labors constituted "the greatest of one-man shows in the history of land conservation", became the first park superintendent. In 1929, the park name was changed to Acadia National Park . John D. Rockefeller Jr. endowed the park with much of its land area. Like many rusticators, Rockefeller, whose family fortune
1539-491: The area has been trying to reduce its catch of blue crabs , as wild populations have been depleted. This has not, however, stemmed the demand: Maryland-style crabcakes are still a well known treat in crabhouses all over the bay, though the catch now comes from points farther south. In the Southeast , and particularly the gulf states, shrimping is an important industry. Copious amounts of shrimp are harvested each year in
1596-410: The breathing muscles. Due to warming oceans, algae blooms have become more widespread, thereby increasing the likelihood of intoxications of various types. Shellfish of various kinds contribute to the formation of reefs , such as when millions of oysters or mussels aggregate together. Reefs provide habitat for numerous other species, bury carbon, contributing to climate change mitigation , and defend
1653-579: The cross the Jesuits had planted, replacing it with a Protestant version. He then set fire to the few buildings that were there. He then went on to burn the remaining French buildings on Saint Croix Island and Port Royal , Nova Scotia. The English raid at Fernald Point signaled the dispute over the boundary between the French colony of Acadia to the north and the English colonies in New England to
1710-502: The east coast, was also a major industry. It was the outsiders, artists, and journalists who revealed and popularized this island to the world in the mid 19th century. Painters of the Hudson River School , including Thomas Cole and Frederic Church , inspired patrons and friends to flock here. Called rusticators, despite the lack of existing accommodations they sought out local fishermen and farmers to put them up for
1767-596: The eating of shellfish is often encouraged by dietitians. Some popular dishes using shellfish: The Torah forbids the consumption of shellfish (i.e. the only permitted seafood is fish with fins and scales), in the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy . Jews (of all religious traditions) who fully observe the dietary laws thus do not eat shellfish, neither do Seventh-day Adventists , who also follow Jewish dietary law. Shia Islamic schools of thought vary on whether (and which types of) shellfish may be acceptable. Sunni Muslims view them as halal . Approximately 1% of
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1824-568: The expedition crossed Frenchman Bay and sailed towards Otter Creek, where smoke could be seen rising from an American Indian encampment. During high tide the ship hit a ledge off Otter Cliff and while repairing a hole two American Indians boarded the ship as guides. It is not clear whether Champlain sailed around the Island or was informed by the guides, but on that day, he wrote in his journal, " Le sommet de la plus part d’icelles est desgarny d’arbres parceque ce ne sont que roches. Je l’ay nommée l’Isle des Monts-déserts ", which translates to "Most of
1881-518: The farmhouse construction as early as 1840. The builder was Richard Paine, whose farm was 45 acres (18 ha), most of it uncleared, in 1860. In 1907 Paine's son, Willis, sold the farm to the Shea Brothers masonry firm, who may have built the stone barn as a vehicle to showcase their building skills. The Sheas eventually leased the property back to the Paines for a time. In 1963, the property
1938-457: The highest point on the eastern seaboard of the United States , bears the name Cadillac Mountain , and is notable for the fact that its summit is among the first points in the United States touched by the rays of the rising sun. During much of the seventeenth century, nearby Castine was the most southern settlement of Acadia. ( Bristol, Maine , was the northernmost English colonial settlement.) No one settled in this contested territory, and for
1995-547: The ice sheet from a Lucerne granite outcrop and deposited precariously on the side of South Bubble Mountain in Acadia National Park . Other examples are the moraines deposited at the southern ends of many of the glacier-carved valleys on the Island such as the Jordan Pond valley, indicating the extent of the glacier; and the beach sediments in a regressional sequence beneath and around Jordan Pond, indicating
2052-631: The island, largely to serve visitors to Acadia. The Far Harbor add-on for the 2015 video game Fallout 4 is set on a post-apocalyptic Mount Desert Island. The module draws its name from the game's settlement of Far Harbor, which is in the same location as Bar Harbor in reality. Shellfish Shellfish , in colloquial and fisheries usage, are exoskeleton -bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food , including various species of molluscs , crustaceans , and echinoderms . Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some are found in freshwater . In addition,
2109-435: The island, two pairs of beaver that were released in 1920 by George B. Dorr at the brook between Bubble Pond and Eagle Lake and their descendants have repopulated it. A large fire in 1947 cleared the eastern half of the island of its coniferous trees and permitted the growth of aspen, birch, alder, maple and other deciduous trees which enabled the beaver to thrive. The Island Explorer provides seasonal bus service on and near
2166-638: The main subphyla of the phylum Arthropoda . Molluscs include cephalopods (squids, octopuses, cuttlefish) and bivalves (clams, oysters), as well as gastropods (aquatic species such as whelks and winkles; land species such as snails and slugs). Molluscs used as a food source by humans include many species of clams , mussels , oysters , winkles , and scallops . Some crustaceans that are commonly eaten are shrimp , lobsters , crayfish , crabs and barnacles . Echinoderms are not as frequently harvested for food as molluscs and crustaceans; however, sea urchin gonads are quite popular in many parts of
2223-563: The medium-grained Somesville granite. Surrounding these granites (labeled "DCg" on geologic maps) is a zone of brecciated material, known as DSz (Devonian Shatter Zone). Most recently, Mount Desert Island was host to the Laurentide Ice Sheet as it extended and receded during the Pleistocene epoch. The glacier left visible marks upon the landscape, such as Bubble Rock, a glacial erratic carried 19 miles (31 km) by
2280-657: The newly invented gasoline-powered portable sawmill, established along with others the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations. The corporation, whose sole purpose was to preserve land for the perpetual use of the public, acquired 6,000 acres (24 km ) by 1913. Dorr offered the land to the federal government, and in 1916, President Wilson announced the creation of Sieur de Monts National Monument. Dorr continued to acquire property and renewed his efforts to obtain full national park status for his beloved preserve. In 1919, President Woodrow Wilson signed
2337-750: The next 150 years Mount Desert Island's importance to Europeans was primarily its use as a landmark for seamen, as for example when John Winthrop , first governor of the English Massachusetts Bay Colony , sketched the island's mountains on his voyage to the New World. During Queen Anne's War , in response to the French raid on Deerfield , New Englander Benjamin Church raided the Acadian village of Castine before gathering at Mount Desert Island with other ships to continue with
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2394-605: The nonprofit organization that directs private philanthropy and volunteerism for the benefit of Acadia National Park, was founded. Mount Desert Island is rich in geological history dating back about 550 million years. The earliest formation on the island is the Ellsworth Schist Formation, which was a sea-floor mud deposit created during the Cambrian period by volcanic ash. During the Ordovician period,
2451-546: The population is estimated to suffer from shellfish allergy, which is more common in teenage and adult life than very early childhood. There is some evidence that shellfish intolerance exists in an unknown proportion of the population. The symptoms of this do not include the immune and respiratory symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as hives, hyperventilation, or anaphylaxis, but do involve gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Similar symptoms can come from foodborne illness or as part of
2508-624: The present, shellfish dishes are a feature of almost all the cuisines of the world, providing an important source of protein in many cuisines around the world, especially in the countries with coastal areas. In Japanese cuisine , chefs often use shellfish and their roe in different dishes. Sushi (vinegared rice, topped with other ingredients, including shellfish, fish, meat and vegetables) features both raw and cooked shellfish. Sashimi primarily consists of very fresh raw seafood, sliced into thin pieces. Both sushi and sashimi are served with soy sauce and wasabi paste (a Japanese horseradish root,
2565-463: The raid on St. Stephen , raid on Grand Pré , the raid on Piziquid , and the raid on Chignecto . In 1759, the British Army defeated the French at Quebec , ending France's control over Acadia . This also had the effect of opening lands along the Maine coast opened for settlement by colonists from British North America . The royal governor of Massachusetts , Sir Francis Bernard , obtained
2622-457: The rear of the building. The carriage house a single-story clapboarded structure with a gable roof , and a track-mounted sliding door providing access to its interior. The stone barn is fashioned out of glacial till , and has a two-leaf board-and-batten door providing access to its interior. The farmhouse and carriage house were probably built sometime between 1850 and 1860, based on their architectural style, although local histories have placed
2679-407: The rebound of the continent after the glacier's recession about 25,000 years ago. The area around Somes Sound was originally categorized as a fjord and was the only one on the East Coast of North America. It has since been recategorized as a fjard due to the lack of an area of de-oxygenated water (dead zone), as well as the fact that the mountains on either side of the sound are not as steep as
2736-671: The second syllable ( / d ɪ ˈ z ɜːr t / dih- ZURT ), while others pronounce it like the English common noun desert ( / ˈ d ɛ z ər t / DEZ -ərt ). French explorer Samuel de Champlain 's observation that the summits of the island's mountains were free of vegetation as seen from the sea led him to call the island L’Isle des Monts-déserts (meaning island of barren mountains ). There are four towns on Mount Desert Island: Deep shell heaps indicate Native American encampments dating back 6,000 years in Acadia National Park, but prehistoric data
2793-481: The south. There is evidence that Claude de La Tour immediately challenged the English action by re-establishing a fur-trading post in the nearby village of Castine in the wake of Argall's raid. There was a brief period when it seemed Mount Desert would again become a center of French activity. In 1688, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac , an ambitious young man who had immigrated to New France and bestowed upon himself
2850-572: The summits are free of trees because they are only rocks present. I named [the island] Isle of the Desert Mountains." In 1613, French Jesuits , welcomed by Indians, established the first French mission in America—Saint Sauveur Mission—on what is now Fernald Point, near the entrance to Somes Sound . Saint Sauveur Mountain, overlooking the point, still bears the name of the mission. The French missionaries began to build
2907-424: The term ”finfish" is sometimes used to distinguish fish , animals defined by having vertebrae , from shellfish in modern terminology. The word "shellfish" is both singular and plural; the rarely used "shellfishes" is sometimes employed to distinguish among various types of shellfish. Archaeological finds have shown that humans have been making use of shellfish as a food item for hundreds of thousands of years. In
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#17327824238662964-461: The title sieur de Cadillac , asked for and received 100,000 acres (400 km ) of land along the Maine coast, including all of Mount Desert Island. Cadillac's hopes of establishing a feudal estate in the New World, however, were short-lived. Although he and his bride resided there for a time, they soon abandoned their enterprise. Cadillac later gained lasting recognition as the founder of Detroit . The island's highest point, at 1,528 feet (466 m)
3021-581: The western half of Mount Desert Island to John Bernard, son of the governor, who, unlike his father, sided with the Patriots. The eastern half of the island was granted to Marie Therese de Gregoire, granddaughter of Cadillac. Bernard and de Gregoire soon sold their landholdings to nonresident landlords. Their real estate transactions probably made very little difference to the increasing number of white settlers homesteading on Mount Desert Island. By 1820, when Maine separated from Massachusetts and became
3078-528: The world, where the live delicacy is harder to transport. Though some shellfish harvesting has been unsustainable, and shrimp farming has been destructive in some parts of the world, shellfish farming can be important to environmental restoration, by developing reefs, filtering water and eating biomass. The term "shellfish" is used both broadly and specifically. In common parlance, as in "having shellfish for dinner", it can refer to anything from clams and oysters to lobster and shrimp. For regulatory purposes it
3135-458: Was a Frenchman, Samuel de Champlain , who made the first important contribution to the historical record of Mount Desert Island. Champlain led an expedition from the St. Croix Settlement . He was tasked with exploring the coast in a patache with twelve sailors and two American Indian guides. They were in search of a mythical walled and wealthy American Indian city named Norumbega . On September 6, 1604
3192-486: Was acquired by Harry and Mary "Cindy" Owen, who granted the Maine Coast Heritage Trust (MCHT) a conservation easement on the property in 2001. MCHT purchased the property in 2019 for $ 625,000. Mount Desert Island Mount Desert Island ( MDI ; French : Île des Monts Déserts ) in Hancock County , Maine , is the largest island off the coast of Maine. With an area of 108 square miles (280 km ) it
3249-597: Was derived from the petroleum industry, wanted to keep the island free of automobiles, but local governments allowed the entry of automobiles on the island's roads. Rockefeller constructed about 50 miles (80 km) of carriage roads around the eastern half of the island. These roads were closed to automobiles and included several vistas and stone bridges. About 40 miles (64 km) of these roads are within Acadia National Park and open only to hikers, bicyclists, horseback riders, horse-drawn carriages and cross country skiers. In 1950, Marguerite Yourcenar and Grace Frick bought
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