42-718: The Stony Brook Reservation Parkways are a group of historic parkways in Boston and Dedham, Massachusetts . They provide access to and within the Stony Brook Reservation , a Massachusetts state park. The roadways and the park are administered by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation , a successor to the Metropolitan District Commission, which oversaw their construction. The roads consist of
84-494: A city's boundaries, eventually limiting the parkway's recreational driving use. The Arroyo Seco Parkway between Downtown Los Angeles and Pasadena, California , is an example of lost pastoral aesthetics. It and others have become major commuting routes, while retaining the name "parkway". In New York City, construction on the Long Island Motor Parkway (Vanderbilt Parkway) began in 1906 and planning for
126-732: A direct route from New York City to Harriman State Park . In New Jersey, the Garden State Parkway , connecting the northern part of the state with the Jersey Shore , is restricted to buses and non-commercial traffic north of the Route 18 interchange, but trucks are permitted south of this point. It is one of the busiest toll roads in the country. In the Pittsburgh region, two of the major Interstates are referred to informally as parkways. The Parkway East ( I-376 , formally
168-770: A four-lane freeway before funding for the road was cut. In Minneapolis , the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway system has 50 miles (80 km) of streets designated as parkways. These are not freeways; they have a slow 25-mile-per-hour (40 km/h) speed limit, pedestrian crossings, and stop signs. In Cincinnati , parkways are major roads which trucks are prohibited from using. Some Cincinnati parkways, such as Columbia Parkway, are high-speed, limited-access roads, while others, such as Central Parkway, are multi-lane urban roads without controlled access. Columbia Parkway carries US-50 traffic from downtown towards east-side suburbs of Mariemont, Anderson, and Milford, and
210-661: A junction with River Street. River Street provides a connection (on the far side of Mill Pond Reservation) to the Neponset Valley Parkway . The Enneking Parkway, built in 1897, extends north and east from the Bleakie Intersection. The northern leg extends through much of the reservation, eventually reaching its northern terminus with Washington Street and the West Roxbury Parkway , which continues northward. The eastern leg reaches
252-538: A junction with West Smithfield Road, before turning into East Boundary Road near the Smith Pond Playground. Parkway A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare . The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded. Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with
294-583: A landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both. The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally. Many parkways originally intended for scenic, recreational driving have evolved into major urban and commuter routes. The first parkways in the United States were developed during the late 19th century by landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux as roads that separated pedestrians, bicyclists, equestrians, and horse carriages , such as
336-529: A public transport shuttle (initially buses, now the Luton DART light railway). Parkways fitting the definition applied in this article also exist, as listed in this section. The city of Peterborough has roads branded as "parkways" which provide routes for much through traffic and local traffic. The majority are dual carriageways, with many of their junctions numbered. Five main parkways form an orbital outer ring road. Three parkways serve settlements. In
378-623: Is a large bronze sculpture by Larry Griffiths titled Birds in Flight (1980). Formerly Bidwell Place; a 5.4-acre (2.2 ha) plot, 510 by 465 feet (155 by 142 m), at the intersection of Richmond Avenue, Bidwell Parkway, and Lafayette Avenue. The circle's center contains an equestrian statue of General Daniel D. Bidwell . Originally The Avenue; connects Symphony Circle to Colonial Circle; 100 feet (30 m) wide and 6,022 feet (1,836 m) in length. It traverses Ferry Circle at West Ferry Street. A 300-foot-diameter (91 m) circle at
420-538: Is a limited access road from downtown to the Village of Mariemont. In Boston , parkways are generally four to six lanes wide but are not usually controlled-access. They are highly trafficked in most cases, transporting people between neighborhoods quicker than a typical city street. Many of them serve as principal arterials and some (like Storrow Drive , Memorial Drive , the Alewife Brook Parkway and
462-536: Is a surviving remnant of the Long Island Motor Parkway that became a surface street , no longer with controlled-access or non-commercial vehicle restrictions. The Palisades Interstate Parkway is a post-war parkway that starts at the George Washington Bridge , heads north through New Jersey, continuing through Rockland and Orange counties in New York. The Palisades Parkway was built to allow for
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#1732802480231504-473: Is also applied to multi-use paths and greenways used by walkers and cyclists. In the United Kingdom, the term "parkway" more commonly refers to park and ride railway stations , where this is often indicated as part of the name, as with Bristol Parkway , the first such station, opened in 1972. Luton Airport Parkway is somewhat analogous - an interconnect railway station but with an airport via
546-522: Is currently the only expressway in Singapore that uses this terminology. In Russia, long, broad (multi-lane) and beautified thoroughfares are referred to as prospekts . Delaware Park-Front Park System Delaware Park–Front Park System is a historic park system and national historic district in the northern and western sections of Buffalo in Erie County, New York . The park system
588-693: Is home to Shakespeare in Delaware Park , a summer tradition since the mid-1970s, and the second largest free outdoor Shakespeare festival in the United States (after New York City 's). It is also the location of the Buffalo Zoo on the east side of Meadow Park. The park has a golf course, two baseball diamonds, a softball diamond, cross country running, tennis courts, and soccer fields. Contributing structures are: Caretakers Cottage (1889); Lincoln Parkway Bridge (1900), designed by Green and Wicks ; Rose Garden Pergola (1912); Stone Bridge (ca. 1887),
630-697: Is located adjacent to D'Youville College and is home to a branch of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library . The Shelter House (ca. 1908) is a contributing structure. Formerly The Front; a 32-acre (13 ha) park located at the beginning of the Niagara River and overlooking Lake Erie . The park is home to the U.S. entrance to the Peace Bridge , erected in 1927 on the site of the former Fort Porter , and includes baseball diamonds, large open playing fields, and tennis courts. The park contains
672-595: Is located on the southeast side of the circle; it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1989. The circle is located within the Allentown Historic District . A former city street incorporated into the parks system; connects Symphony Circle to Columbus Park and Front Park. Formerly Prospect Park; located at the intersection of Niagara Street and Porter Avenue; the site of the Connecticut Street Armory . The park
714-642: The Bronx River Parkway in 1907. In the 1920s, the New York City Metropolitan Area 's parkway system grew under the direction of Robert Moses , the president of the New York State Council of Parks and Long Island State Park Commission , who used parkways to provide access to newly created state parks, especially for city dwellers. As Commissioner of New York City Parks under Mayor LaGuardia, he extended
756-742: The City of Plymouth , the A38 is called "The Parkway" and bisects a rural belt of the local authority area, which coincides with the geographical centre; it has two junctions to enter the downtown part of the city. The Australian Capital Territory uses the term "parkway" to refer to roadways of a standard approximately equivalent to what would be designated as an "expressway", "freeway", or "motorway" in other areas. Parkways generally have multiple lanes in each direction of travel, no intersections (crossroads are accessed by interchanges), high speed limits, and are of dual carriageway design (or have high crash barriers on
798-695: The Clara Barton Parkway , running along the Potomac River near Washington, D.C. , and Alexandria, Virginia , were also constructed during this era. In Kentucky the term "parkway" designates a freeway in the Kentucky Parkway system , with nine built in the 1960s and 1970s. They were toll roads until the construction bonds were repaid; the last of these roads to charge tolls became freeways in 2006. The Arroyo Seco Parkway from Pasadena to Los Angeles , built in 1940,
840-543: The Eastern Parkway , which is credited as the world's first parkway, and Ocean Parkway in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . The term "parkway" to define this type of road was coined by Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted in their proposal to link city and suburban parks with "pleasure roads". In Buffalo, New York , Olmsted and Vaux used parkways with landscaped medians and setbacks to create
882-892: The National Park Service . An example is the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) built Blue Ridge Parkway in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and Virginia . Others are: Skyline Drive in Virginia ; the Natchez Trace Parkway in Mississippi , Alabama , and Tennessee ; and the Colonial Parkway in eastern Virginia's Historic Triangle area. The George Washington Memorial Parkway and
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#1732802480231924-467: The National Register of Historic Places . The park is home to an exact replica of Michelangelo's David . It is 18 feet tall and weighs 3000 pounds. The statue was dedicated in 1903, one of only three bronze replicas made of the original sculpture. At one time it included a fig leaf, which was not present in the original; this was later removed so David can be viewed in all his glory. When
966-681: The Penn-Lincoln Parkway ) connects Downtown Pittsburgh to Monroeville, Pennsylvania . The Parkway West ( I-376 ) runs through the Fort Pitt Tunnel and links Downtown to Pittsburgh International Airport , southbound I-79 , Imperial, Pennsylvania , and westbound US 22/US 30. The Parkway North ( I-279 ) connects Downtown to Franklin Park, Pennsylvania and northbound I-79 . In the suburbs of Philadelphia , U.S. Route 202 follows an at-grade parkway alignment known as
1008-636: The VFW Parkway ) have evolved into regional commuter routes. "Parkway" is used in the names of many Canadian roads, including major routes through national parks , scenic drives, major urban thoroughfares, and even regular freeways that carry commercial traffic. Parkways in the National Capital Region are administered by the National Capital Region (Canada) . However, some of them are named "drive" or "driveway". The term in Canada
1050-465: The "U.S. Route 202 Parkway" between Montgomeryville and Doylestown . The parkway varies from two to four lanes in width, has 5-foot-wide (1.5 m) shoulders, a 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) walking path called the US 202 Parkway Trail on the side, and a 40 mph (64 km/h) speed limit. The parkway opened in 2012 as a bypass of a section of US 202 between the two towns; it had originally been proposed as
1092-482: The Dedham, Enneking, and Turtle Pond Parkways and West Boundary Road. Two roads within the park, Smithfield Road and Reservation Road, are listed as non-contributing properties. The park roads were built between 1894 and 1956, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. When it was built in 1928, West Boundary Road skirted the western boundary of the reservation, running from Washington Street in
1134-662: The early 20th century, the meaning of the word was expanded to include limited-access highways designed for recreational driving of automobiles, with landscaping . These parkways originally provided scenic routes without very slow or commercial vehicles , at grade intersections , or pedestrian traffic. Examples are the Merritt Parkway in Connecticut and the Vanderbilt Motor Parkway in New York. But their success led to more development, expanding
1176-796: The first interconnected park and parkway system in the United States. Bidwell Parkway and Chapin Parkway are 200 foot wide city streets with only one lane for cars in each direction and broad landscaped medians that provide a pleasant, shaded route to the park and serve as mini-parks within the neighborhood. The Rhode Island Metropolitan Park Commission developed several parkways in the Providence area. Other parkways, such as Park Presidio Boulevard in San Francisco, California , were designed to serve larger volumes of traffic. During
1218-408: The intersection of West Ferry Street, Massachusetts Street, and Richmond Avenue. Originally known as just The Circle. A 500-foot-diameter (150 m), 4.5-acre (1.8 ha) circle at the juncture of Porter Avenue with Richmond Avenue, North Street, Pennsylvania Street, and Wadsworth Street. Due south of the circle lies First Presbyterian Church , Buffalo's oldest congregation. Kleinhans Music Hall
1260-516: The juncture of Bidwell Parkway, Lincoln Parkway, Bird Avenue, and Chapin Parkway. Frank Lloyd Wright 's William R. Heath House (1904) overlooks the circle at Bird Avenue. A 200-foot-wide (61 m), 9-acre (3.6 ha) thoroughfare, connecting Soldier's Place to Delaware Park; 1,965 feet (599 m) in length. A 200-foot-wide (61 m), 10.7-acre (4.3 ha) thoroughfare, connecting Colonial Circle to Soldier's Place; 2,323 feet (708 m) in length. At its intersection with Soldier's Place
1302-616: The latter. Olmsted dammed Scajaquada Creek to create the lake, originally called Gala Water, then Delaware Park Lake, and now known as Hoyt Lake. The lake was a feature during the Pan-American Exposition . The Scajaquada Expressway bisects the park west to east. The Albright-Knox Art Gallery occupies the park's western edge, overlooking Hoyt Lake, and the Buffalo History Museum is situated on its northern edge, overlooking Scajaquada Creek. The park
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1344-438: The median). Victoria uses the term "parkway" to sometimes refer to smaller local access roads that travel through parkland. Unlike other uses of the term, these parkways are not high-speed routes but may still have some degree of limited access. Singapore uses the term "parkway" as an alternative to " expressway ". As such, parkways are also dual carriageways with high speed limits and interchanges . The East Coast Parkway
1386-489: The north to Turtle Pond Parkway in the south. This route is now interrupted by a housing development, and the southern end of the roadway ends after 0.8 miles (1.3 km) at Georgetowne Drive. Most of the rest of its former alignment has been converted to a wide hiking path. The reservation's three main parkways meet at a junction within the park known as the Robert Bleakie Intersection, located in
1428-631: The only remaining structure from the original Olmsted plan; Parkside Lodge (1914); Rumsey Shelter (1900); Main Zoo Building (1935–1940); Shelter House (ca. 1900); and Elephant House (ca. 1912). Located north of the park are the Parkside East Historic District and Parkside West Historic District and to the south are the Elmwood Historic District–East and Elmwood Historic District–West , all listed on
1470-491: The parkways to the heart of the city, creating and linking its parks to the greater metropolitan systems. Most of the New York metropolitan parkways were designed by Gilmore Clark. The famed "Gateway to New England" Merritt Parkway in Connecticut was designed in the 1930s as a pleasurable alternative for affluent locals to the congested Boston Post Road, running through forest with each bridge designed uniquely to enhance
1512-807: The scenery. Another example is the Sprain Brook Parkway from lower- Westchester to connect to the Taconic State Parkway to Chatham, New York . Landscape architect George Kessler designed extensive parkway systems for Kansas City, Missouri ; Memphis, Tennessee ; Indianapolis ; and other cities at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1930s, as part of the New Deal the U.S. federal government constructed National Parkways designed for recreational driving and to commemorate historic trails and routes. These divided four-lane parkways have lower speed limits and are maintained by
1554-507: The southern part of the park. The Dedham Parkway, a two-lane road, extends southwest from this junction, exiting the park soon afterward. It passes a junction with Georgetowne Drive, and then with Alwin Street, before crossing into Dedham and reaching its southern terminus, a junction with Harding Terrace (the cross street), and Dedham Boulevard (its southerly continuation). The parkway was built in stages, in 1900 and 1912. Turtle Pond Parkway
1596-626: The statue was rededicated in 2013, it was given a new plaque which corrected the spelling of the artist's name from Michael Angelo to Michelangelo. Originally Chapin Place, a 5-acre (2.0 ha) plot measuring 500 by 420 feet (150 by 130 m) at the intersection of Delaware Avenue, Lafayette Avenue, and Chapin Parkway. The circle's center contains a monumental sunken fountain constructed in 1904. Connects Gates Circle and Soldier's Place; 1,904 feet (580 m) in length. Consists of an 8.8-acre (3.6 ha) area 700 feet (210 m) in diameter at
1638-469: Was built in 1897, and extends southeast from the Bleakie Intersection. It is, like the Dedham Parkway, a two-lane road. It eventually skirts the southwestern edge of the reservation, passing through an intersection with Smithfield Road and Alwin Street. It continues roughly southward, passing the southern tip of the reservation before reaching Boston's Mill Pond Reservation, and its own terminus at
1680-496: Was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux and developed between 1868 and 1876. The park system was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Delaware Park–Front Park System encompasses the following parts: The centerpiece of the Buffalo, New York parks system and located in the North Buffalo neighborhood. The 376-acre (152 ha) park was named simply The Park by Olmsted; it
1722-402: Was later renamed Delaware Park because of its proximity to Delaware Avenue, Buffalo's mansion row . It is divided into two areas: the 243-acre (98 ha) "Meadow Park" on the east and the 133-acre (54 ha) "Water Park", with what was originally a 43-acre (17 ha) lake, on the west. The 12-acre (4.9 ha) ravine and picnic grove on the south side of the lake comprise a subdivision of
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1764-734: Was the first segment of the vast Southern California freeway system. It became part of State Route 110 and was renamed the Pasadena Freeway. A 2010 restoration of the freeway brought the Arroyo Seco Parkway designation back. In the New York metropolitan area , contemporary parkways are predominantly limited-access highways or freeways restricted to non-commercial traffic, excluding trucks and tractor-trailers . Some have low overpasses that also exclude buses. The Vanderbilt Parkway, an exception in western Suffolk County ,
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