59-588: The Strachey family originated in Saffron Walden , Essex, England. By the mid-1600s, they were based at Sutton Court in Stowey , Somerset, England. Strachey Place of origin Saffron Walden, Essex, England Titles Baronet Strachey; Baron Strachie Strachey family [ edit ] See also: Strachey Baronets William Strachey
118-416: A dwelling. Later this became the site of Audley End House . The market was moved from nearby Newport to Walden during de Mandeville's tenure, increasing the town's influence. This Tuesday market was held from 1295. The town's first charter was granted in about 1300, to what was known then as Chepyng (i. e. Market) Walden. The town at that time was largely confined to the castle's outer bailey, but in
177-659: A history of cricket matches recorded back to 1757. A monument at the site commemorates the American airmen and people of Saffron Walden who died in the Second World War. Bengal Army The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency , one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire . The presidency armies , like the presidencies themselves, belonged to
236-1226: A lesbian relationship. Pippa Strachey (1872–1968), suffragist and feminist John Strachey (civil servant) (1823–1907) served as an administrator in India. He married Katherine Batten and had eight children, including: Sir Arthur Strachey (1858–1901) served as a judge in India. Winifred Barnes was the wife of Indian civil servant Hugh Shakespear Barnes . Mary Barnes (1889–1977) married St John Hutchinson (1884–1942). Jeremy Hutchinson, Baron Hutchinson of Lullington (1915–2017), British barrister Barbara Judith Barnes married Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild (1910–1990). James Strachey Barnes (1890–1955), British theorist of Fascism Charles Strachey Jack Strachey (1894–1972), English composer and songwriter Richard Strachey (1781–1847) Mary Augusta Strachey (1838–1914), English co-author of The Great Book-Collectors , married Charles Isaac Elton (1839–1900). Isabel Strachey (1845–1920) married John Holland Baker (1841–1930). Noeline Baker (1878–1958), New Zealand suffragist [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
295-591: A lieutenant-general. These comprised Bengal, Bombay (including Aden), Madras (including Burma) and Punjab (including the North West Frontier). In 1903 the separately numbered regiments of the Bombay, Madras and Bengal Armies were unified in a single organisational sequence and the presidency affiliations disappeared. The Bengal infantry units in existence at the end of the Presidency era continued as
354-666: A maze, rose garden and walled garden – were originally laid out by the Gibson family in about 1840. They have been restored with help from the Heritage Lottery Fund and volunteers. St Mary the Virgin, Saffron Walden ( Church of England ) is the largest parish church in Essex. The church dates mainly from the end of the 15th century, when an old smaller church was extensively rebuilt by the master mason John Wastell , who
413-709: A psychoanalyst and biographer of Sigmund Freud, married psychoanalyst Alix Strachey (1892–1973). Oliver Strachey (1874–1960) was a writer and cryptoanalyst and worked at Bletchley Park during WWII . His wives were Ruby Mayer and the feminist Ray Costelloe Strachey (1887–1940). He had three children: Julia Strachey (1901–1979), writer; daughter of Oliver and his first wife Ruby Mayer Barbara Strachey (1912–1999), writer; daughter of Oliver and his second wife Ray Christopher Strachey (1916–1975), computer scientist; son of Oliver and his second wife Ray Dorothy Bussy (née Strachey) (1865–1960), wife of French painter Simon Bussy , wrote one novel, Olivia , about
472-511: A school on this site since 1317 but it was in 1521 that Dame Bradbury made this school available for local people. For the first four years Dame Bradbury paid the salary of the schoolmaster herself, until the school was endowed in 1535. Friends' School , renamed Walden School, was a co-educational Quaker independent school with roots dating back to 1702. Its final building, in Mount Pleasant Road, opened in 1879. On 11 May 2017 it
531-456: A series of circular excavations cut into the turf of the common . It is the largest example of this style of maze in England, the main part being about 100 feet (30 m) in diameter. The earliest record of it dates from 1699, although its origin may be earlier. It has been extensively restored several times, most recently in 1979. The oldest inhabited building in the town is believed to be
590-548: A significant employer and economic influence in the area. For a short time there was a dedicated railway station for the works known as Acrow Halt . Saffron Walden's unofficial coat of arms showed the saffron crocus within the walls of the castle in the form of an heraldic pun – as in, "Saffron walled-in". In 1961, a formal coat of arms was granted by the College of Arms and this was adapted in 1974 into its current form. The town has three ceremonial maces . The large mace
649-579: A special allowance or batta . Two of these BNI regiments were serving in China in 1857 and so escaped any involvement in the great rebellion of that year. The East India Company's Bengal Army in 1857 consisted of 151,361 men of all ranks, of whom the great majority - 128,663 - were Indians. A total of 64 Bengal Army regular infantry and cavalry regiments rebelled during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , or were disbanded after their continued loyalty
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#1732780033087708-426: A stone church was built. Walden Castle , dating from about 1140, may have been built on pre-existing fortifications. A priory, Walden Abbey, was founded under the patronage of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex about 1136, on the site of what is now Audley End House. The abbey was separated from Walden by Holywell Field. After the dissolution of the monasteries , Sir Thomas Audley converted its cloisters into
767-405: Is Residents for Uttlesford ('R4U'), who are a local political party formed by residents. As of 2024 the mayor is Deryk Eke of Residents for Uttlesford. The town is divided into four parish wards: Audley, named after Audley End House - representing the western area of Saffron Walden including Audley End; Castle - taking its name from Saffron Walden Castle; Shire (formerly Plantation) - representing
826-500: Is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and opened in 1964. Saffron Walden Museum , which was established in 1835 by Saffron Walden Natural History Society, is close to the town's castle. The museum had many benefactors from local families, including the Gibsons, Frys and Tukes. The first professional curator, Guy Nathan Mayard, was appointed in 1889 and his son, also Guy Maynard, succeeded him as curator before moving on to Ipswich Museum . It
885-415: Is a large co-educational academy with over 2000 pupils. Located to the west of the town centre, it was rated outstanding in its most recent Ofsted report in 2012. The school replaced Saffron Walden Grammar School , which was established in 1521 by the town's Holy Trinity Guild and Dame Joan Bradbury , a local benefactor. Dame Bradbury also founded Dame Bradbury's School on Ashdon Road. There has been
944-479: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Saffron Walden Saffron Walden is a market town and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex , England, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bishop's Stortford , 15 miles (24 km) south of Cambridge and 43 miles (69 km) north of London . It retains a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. The population
1003-454: Is held every Tuesday and Saturday (and Thursdays in the run up to Christmas); it is attended by local residents like Jamie Oliver . The Anglo American playing fields , located close to Bridge End Gardens on Catons Lane, are home to the town's cricket club and were donated to Saffron Walden by the US forces after the war . Prior to that, Saffron Walden Cricket Club played on the town's common, with
1062-406: Is on Castle Street. Created in 1906 from a 16th-century barn, it was restored in 2004–5. With a long history of non-conformism , Saffron Walden has: Saffron Walden falls in to three local government administrative areas, including Uttlesford District Council and Essex County Council . The town itself is administered by Saffron Walden Town Council which has 18 members. The majority party
1121-747: Is sited on the West Anglia Main Line between Cambridge and London Liverpool Street . Greater Anglia operates an off-peak service of two trains an hour in each direction, with additional services during peak times; the journey time to London is approximately 55 minutes and approximately 20 minutes to Cambridge. All southbound trains also stop at Tottenham Hale , where there is a London Underground Victoria line station and onward rail connections to Stratford station in east London. An hourly GreaterAnglia service between Stansted Airport and Norwich , via Cambridge and Ely , also stops at Audley End. Saffron Walden railway station served
1180-618: Is still owned by the founding society – now Saffron Walden Museum Society – and is managed by Uttlesford District Council. The museum contains the stuffed remains of a lion named Wallace (1812 – 1838), said to have inspired Marriott Edgar 's comic poem "The Lion and Albert". It is also home to the mummy of a 7 year old dating to the 3rd century AD. The Fry Art Gallery exhibits the work of artists who had an association with Saffron Walden and north west Essex, focusing on Great Bardfield Artists . The collection includes extensive artworks and supporting material by Edward Bawden , who lived in
1239-515: The Bengal Army and was responsible for surveying large portions of western Tibet. Julia Charlotte Chance married in 1884 barrister William Chance (later 2nd Baronet Chance ), of the wealthy family which owned the glassmaking company Chance Brothers . The couple's residence, Orchards, Surrey , was designed for them by Edwin Lutyens . Richard Strachey (1817–1908) was the husband of
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#17327800330871298-1100: The Brahman and Bhumihar caste were common and they would use service in the Bengal Army as an opportunity to raise their wealth and status and for this reason, the Bhumihar zamindaris of Bihar became "prime recruiting grounds" for the Army. In the 1780s, the Company maintained a major recruiting station in Buxar with six companies under a Captain Eaton. These recruiting stations in Bihar were kept as "nurseries" which supplied battalions when drafts were made. Other recruiting centres were located in Bhagalpur , Shahabad , Monghyr , Saran and Hajipur . Brigadier Troup, who served as
1357-529: The Conservative Party since 1922. In the 1840s Saffron Walden became a municipal borough , the district contained the parish of Saffron Walden. On 1 April 1974 the district and parish were abolished and became part of Uttlesford district. A successor parish was formed covering the same area as the former district and its parish. According to the Office for National Statistics , at the time of
1416-736: The East India Company (EIC) until the Government of India Act 1858 directly under Crown, passed in the House of Commons aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , transferred all three presidencies to the direct authority of the British Crown . In 1895 all three presidency armies were merged into the British Indian Army . The Bengal Army originated with the establishment of a European Regiment in 1756. While
1475-676: The English Civil War . While the town was the headquarters of the New Model Army , Lieutenant-General of Horse, Oliver Cromwell paid a 19-day visit in May 1647, taking part in debates to seek a settlement between Parliament and the army. He is thought to have stayed at the Sun Inn . By the end of the 18th century saffron was no longer in demand and the industry was replaced by malt and barley . More than 40 maltings stood in
1534-617: The Saffron Walden Museum and the Saffron Walden Town Hall . In the 1900s the Saffron Walden branch railway line from Audley End station , on the mainline from London to Cambridge, was extended to Bartlow . The branch succumbed to the Beeching cuts in the 1960s. Heavy industry arrived after the Second World War. Acrows Ltd, makers of falsework , built premises to the east of the town and became
1593-692: The United Kingdom Census 2001 , Saffron Walden had a population of 14,313. The 2001 population density was 10,900 inhabitants per square mile (4,209/km ), with a 100 to 94.5 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 45.0 per cent were married, 27.4 per cent were single (never married), and 8.2 per cent divorced. The parish's 6,013 households included 38.5 per cent married couples living together, 31.5 per cent one-person households, 8.4 per cent co-habiting couples, and 7.9 per cent single parents with children. Of those aged 16–74, 22.3 per cent had no academic qualifications , close to
1652-436: The surname Strachey . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strachey&oldid=1252768805 " Categories : Surnames Strachey family Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1711-536: The 13th century the Battle or Repel Ditches were built or extended to enclose a larger area to the south. The focus of the town moved southwards to Market Square. The main trading item in medieval times was wool. A guildhall was built by the wool-staplers in the market place, but demolished in 1847 to make way for the Corn Exchange . In the 16th and 17th centuries the saffron crocus ( Crocus sativus )
1770-628: The 1540s it had become Saffron Walden. The town and surrounding area, like much of East Anglia , was strongly Puritan during the 17th century. The population was influenced by the missionary John Eliot . By 1640, Samuel Bass's family and a number of others had departed for the Massachusetts Bay Colony as part of the Great Migration . Saffron Walden was at the centre of the Eastern Association during
1829-609: The Awadh ( Oudh ) who were collectively called Purbiyas . Drilled and armed along British army lines this force served well at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and 20 more Indian battalions were raised by 1764. In 1766, the Monghyr Mutiny , quelled by Robert Clive , affected many of the white officers of the Bengal Army. In his deposition, Lieutenant General Jasper Nicolls , who was an army commander stationed in India, stated of
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1888-471: The Bengal Army underwent reorganisation, with the regular infantry being grouped into 68 single battalion regiments numbered according to their date of establishment. Nine additional infantry regiments were subsequently raised, though several existing units were disbanded between 1826 and 1843. On the eve of the First Afghan War (1839–42) the Bengal Army had achieved a dominant role in the forces of
1947-467: The Bengal Army's recruitment that: "It may well be said that the whole sepoy army of Bengal is drawn from the Company's province of Bihar and Oudh, with very few exceptions". The East India Company steadily expanded its Bengal Army and by 1796 the establishment was set at three battalions of European artillery, three regiments of European infantry, ten regiments of Indian cavalry and twelve regiments (each of two battalions) of Indian infantry. In 1824
2006-566: The Bengal Army. Writing in The Indian Army (1834), Sir John Malcolm , who had a lifetime's experience of Indian soldiering, wrote: "They consist largely of Rajpoots ( Rajput ), who are a distinguished race. We may judge the size of these men when we are told that the height below which no recruit is taken is five feet six inches. The great proportion of the Grenadiers are six feet and upwards." Both prior to and following 1857,
2065-632: The East India Company had previously maintained a small force of Dutch and Eurasian mercenaries in Bengal, this was destroyed when Calcutta was captured by the Nawab of Bengal on 30 June that year. In 1757 the first locally recruited unit of Bengal sepoys was created in the form of the Lal Paltan battalion. It was recruited from soldiers that had served in the Nawab's Army from Bihar and
2124-1648: The English writer William Strachey (c. 1596/97–1635) John Strachey (d. 1674), friend of John Locke John Strachey (geologist) (1671–1743), British geologist Thomas Strachey (1699–1740) served in the British Royal Navy. Susannah Strachey married Edmund Harper. Tristram Harper (1760–1842) Harriette Strachey Harper (1802–1889) married John Shephard (1791–1878) Sir Horatio Hale Shephard (1842–1921), British lawyer Brigadier-General Gordon Strachey Shephard (1885–1918), Royal Flying Corps commander Rev. Henry John Chitty Harper (1804–1893), Anglican bishop Emily Weddell Harper (1830–1950) married John Barton Arundel Acland (1823-1904). Sir Hugh Thomas Dyke Acland (1874–1956), New Zealand surgeon Sir Hugh John Dyke "Jack" Acland (1904–1981), New Zealand politician Mary Anna Harper (1832–1924) married Charles Robert Blakiston (1825–1898). Ven. Henry William Harper (1833–1922), Anglican priest Ellen Shephard Harper (1834–1916) married Charles George Tripp (1826–1897). Leonard Harper (1837–1915), New Zealand politician Arthur Paul Harper (1865–1955), New Zealand lawyer Sir George Harper (1843–1937), New Zealand lawyer Eric Tristram Harper (1877–1918), New Zealand rugby player Henry Strachey of Sutton Court, Somerset Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet (1737–1810), British politician and civil servant Sir Henry Strachey, 2nd Baronet (1772–1858) Edward Strachey (1774–1832)
2183-450: The HEIC. There were 74 battalions of Bengal regular infantry against only 52 from Madras, 26 from Bombay and 24 British (Queen's and Company). On average an inch and a half taller and a stone heavier than the southern Indian troops, the Bengal sepoy was highly regarded by a military establishment that tended to evaluate its soldiers by physical appearance. A new feature in the Bengal Army was
2242-544: The Indian Muslim biradaris such as the Ranghar (Rajput Muslims) , Sheikhs , Sayyids , Mughals , and Hindustani Pathans . Another innovation introduced prior to 1845 was to designate specific regiments as "Volunteers" – that is recruited for general service, with sepoys who had accepted a commitment for possible overseas duty. Recruits for the Bengal Army who were prepared to travel by ship if required, received
2301-471: The average for Uttlesford (22.0 per cent) and below that for the whole of England (28.9 per cent). In the 2001 UK census, 73.0 per cent of Saffron Walden residents declared themselves Christian, 0.6 per cent Muslim, 0.4 per cent Buddhist, 0.2 per cent Jewish, and 0.1 per cent Hindu. The census recorded 17.6 per cent as having no religion, 0.4 per cent with an alternative religion, and 7.8 per cent not stating their religion. Saffron Walden County High School
2360-417: The commander of Bareilly , stated of recruitment that the ‘Bengal native Infantry came chiefly from the province of Awadh, Buxar, Bhojpur and Arrah.’ In 1810, Francis Buchanan-Hamilton noted in his account of the districts of Bihar, that the number of men absent from Shahabad to serve in the Army was 4680. The Ujjainiya zamindar of Bhojpur also informed him that 12000 recruits from his district had joined
2419-454: The creation of irregular infantry and cavalry regiments during the 1840s. Originally designated as "Local Infantry" these were permanently established units but with less formal drill and fewer British officers than the regular Bengal line regiments. The main source of recruitment continued to be high caste Brahmins, Bhumihars and Rajputs from Bihar and Oudh, although the eight regular cavalry regiments consisted mainly of Muslim sowars from
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2478-714: The former maltings at 1 Myddleton Place. The 15th-century building with a courtyard garden was used by the Youth Hostel Association from 1947 to 2010. It is now used for functions. Pevsner described it as: "without doubt, the best medieval house of Saffron Walden". Other notable early buildings are in Bridge Street, Castle Street and the side streets off the High Street. The High Street contains some late-Georgian and Victorian buildings. Bridge End Gardens , seven interlinked gardens – including
2537-460: The ownce 7l.7s" . The 12th-century Walden Castle , built or expanded by Geoffrey de Mandeville , the first Earl of Essex , is in ruins. After the medieval period, the castle fell into disuse and much of the flint was taken and used in the construction of local houses and the wall surrounding the Audley End estate. All that remains is the ruined basement. Near the castle is a turf maze ,
2596-480: The same basis of recruitment, traditions and uniform colours as before. A largely unspoken rationale was that an army of diverse origins was unlikely to unite in rebellion. In 1895 the three separate Presidency Armies began a process of unification which was not to be concluded until the Kitchener reforms of eight years later. As an initial step the Army of India was divided into four commands, each commanded by
2655-403: The senior regiments ( 1st Brahmans to 48th Pioneers) of the newly unified Indian Army. The Bengal Army of the East India Company was mainly recruited from high castes living in Bihar and the Awadh. Prior to 1857, company military service was most popular in the zamindaris of North and South Bihar with the East India Company signing contracts to raise levies of troops from them. Recruits from
2714-412: The southern area of the town; and Little Walden - representing the small village of the same name and a large rural area to the north of the town. Nationally, the town is part of the much larger Saffron Walden Parliamentary constituency . The MP is Conservative , Kemi Badenoch who is Secretary of State for International Trade. Notable former MPs include: It has been considered a safe seat for
2773-402: The suffragette Jane Maria Strachey (1840–1928) and father of 10 surviving children, including: Lytton Strachey (1880–1932) was a writer and thinker and among his prominent works are Eminent Victorians and a celebrated biography of Queen Victoria. Pernel Strachey (1876–1951), scholar and educationist and the principal of Newnham College, Cambridge . James Strachey (1887–1967),
2832-489: The town between 1865 and 1964. Regular bus services connect the town with Cambridge, Bishop's Stortford , Haverhill and Stansted Airport. Operators include Stephensons of Essex and Stagecoach East . Saffron Walden is accessed from junction 8 of the M11 when travelling northbound from London and from junction 10 when travelling south from Cambridge. During the coronavirus pandemic, Essex Highways narrowed some roads in
2891-425: The town by the end of the century. The trade was less lucrative than saffron, but the town continued to grow through the 19th century, and had a cattle market , corn exchange and other civic buildings. During this time Quakers became economically active in the area. The influential Gibsons – one of the founding families of Barclays Bank – aided the construction of several public buildings that remain today, such as
2950-411: The town centre to make social distancing easier for pedestrians and they reduced some speed limits to 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) as part of their Safer, Greener, Healthier scheme. Stansted Airport is located 15 miles (24 km) from the town, while Luton Airport is 43 miles (69 km) away. Audley End Airfield , a private grass runway, is located about 1 mile (2 km) outside of
3009-519: The town during the 1970s and 1980s, and Eric Ravilious . Saffron Hall , which is attached to Saffron Walden County High School, opened in 2013. The 730-seater venue came about as a result of a £10 million donation by an anonymous music loving donor. In 2014, former head of music at the Barbican Centre Angela Dixon became its director. Saffron Walden Market is a thriving market, with numerous local sellers trading goods,
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#17327800330873068-523: The town. Audley End House , once one of the largest mansions in England, is now in the care of English Heritage and is open to the public. During the summer months, picnic concerts and a last night in the style of the BBC Proms have been held in the grounds. Audley End Miniature Railway – originally built by Lord Braybrooke – is a 10 + 1 ⁄ 4 in (260 mm) gauge railway ride through woodland adjoining Audley End House. The track
3127-533: Was 15,504 at the 2011 census and 16,613 in the 2021 census. Archaeological evidence suggests continuous settlement on or near the site of Saffron Walden from at least the Neolithic period. It is believed that a small Romano-British settlement and fort – possibly in the area round Abbey Lane – existed as an outpost of the much larger settlement of Cestreforda to the north. After the Norman invasion of 1066,
3186-406: Was announced that Walden School would close at the end of the 2016–17 school year. Its final day was 7 July 2017. Saffron Walden College, a teachers' training college for women, closed in 1977. The nearest station to Saffron Walden is Audley End , which is located 2 miles (3 km) outside the town in the village of Wendens Ambo ; regular bus services link it to the town centre. The station
3245-408: Was building King's College Chapel in the nearby city of Cambridge. In 1769 it was damaged by lightning and the repairs, carried out in the 1790s, removed many medieval features. The spire was added in 1832 to replace an older lantern tower. The church is 183 feet (56 m) long and the spire, 193 feet (59 m) high, is the tallest in Essex. The town's Catholic church , Our Lady of Compassion,
3304-506: Was considered doubtful. From 1858 onwards the Chamars (Outcaste) and the actual high-caste Awadhi and Bihari Hindu presence in the Bengal Army was reduced because of their perceived primary role as "mutineers" in the 1857 rebellion. The new and less homogeneous Bengal Army was essentially drawn from Punjabi Muslims, Sikhs, Gurkhas, Baluchis and Pathans, although twelve of the pre-mutiny Bengal line infantry regiments continued in service with
3363-458: Was given to Saffron Walden by James II in 1685 and provides an early recording of the unofficial coat of arms. Made of silver gilt , it is approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) long. Two smaller silver maces were bought by the corporation in 1549 to commemorate the granting of a new town charter by Edward VI . This purchase is recorded in the town's Guild of Holy Trinity accounts and reads, "For 2 new maces, weying 18 ownces one quarter and half at 8s.
3422-1042: Was in the service of the East India Company . Sir Edward Strachey, 3rd Baronet (1812–1901) Edward Strachey, 1st Baron Strachie (1858–1936), Liberal politician Edward Strachey, 2nd Baron Strachie (1882–1973) Frances Constance Maddalena (d.1931) was the first wife of Maurice Towneley-O'Hagan, 3rd Baron O'Hagan (1882–1961), British Liberal politician. Major Thomas Anthony Edward Towneley Strachey (died 1955), who changed his surname by deed poll to Strachey in September 1938, by which name his progeny are known. Charles Strachey, 4th Baron O'Hagan (born 1945), British Conservative politician John St. Loe Strachey (1860–1927), journalist and newspaper proprietor John Strachey (politician) (1901–1963), British politician Charles Strachey, presumed 6th Baronet (1934–2014) Henry Strachey (artist) (1863–1940), painter, art critic and writer Henry Strachey (explorer) (1816–1912) served in India as an officer in
3481-520: Was widely grown, thanks to the town's favourable soil and climate. The stigmas of the flower were used in medicines, as a condiment, in perfume, as an expensive yellow dye, and as an aphrodisiac. The industry gave Walden its present name. In the records of the Court of Common Pleas, the town was called Magna Walden in Hilary Term 1484, and Chipping Walden in the 15th and early 16th centuries, but by
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