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34-408: Straw hats had appeared in the 19th century as summertime wear, usually in connection to summer sporting events such as boating (hence the name boater ). Soft Panama hats were likewise derived from tropical attire but began to be worn as informal summer attire. Initially it was not considered good form for men to wear these in big cities even at the height of summer (women's hats were different). By

68-422: A fashion accessory . Hats which incorporate mechanical features, such as visors, spikes, flaps, braces or beer holders shade into the broader category of headgear . In the past, hats were an indicator of social status . In the military , hats may denote nationality, branch of service, rank or regiment . Police typically wear distinctive hats such as peaked caps or brimmed hats , such as those worn by

102-600: A Boater Hat), especially in the summer months. In the winter, or for formal wear, they will wear a felt hat. Artwork produced during the Middle Ages shows, among the more fashionably dressed, possibly the most spectacular straw hats ever seen on men in the West, notably those worn in the Arnolfini Portrait of 1434 by Jan van Eyck (tall, stained black) and by Saint George in a painting by Pisanello of around

136-456: A decorative element or a uniform . Commonly used fibers are: There are several styles of straw hats, but all of them are woven using some form of plant fibre . Many of these hats are formed in a similar way to felt hats; they are softened by steam or by submersion in hot water, and then formed by hand or over a hat block . Finer and more expensive straw hats have a tighter and more consistent weave. Since it takes much more time to weave

170-584: A larger hat than a smaller one, larger hats are more expensive. Straw hats have been worn in Africa and Asia since after the Middle Ages during the summer months, and have changed little between the medieval times and today. They are worn, mostly by men, by all classes. Many can be seen in the calendar miniatures of the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry . The mokorotlo , a local design of

204-609: A marker of social status and used to single out certain groups. The 1215 Fourth Council of the Lateran required that all Jews identify themselves by wearing the Judenhat ("Jewish hat"), marking them as targets for anti-Semitism . The hats were usually yellow and were either pointed or square. In the Middle Ages, hats for women ranged from simple scarves to elaborate hennin , and denoted social status. Structured hats for women similar to those of male courtiers began to be worn in

238-525: A patent for a cheese press in 1808, as the first. President Theodore Roosevelt posed for a series of photos at the Panama Canal construction site in 1906. He was portrayed as a strong, rugged leader dressed crisply in light-colored suits and stylish straw fedoras. This helped popularize the straw "Panama hat". The Old Order Amish, in the United States, still wear straw hats (similar to

272-541: A straw hat, is the national symbol of the Basotho and Lesotho peoples, and of the nation of Lesotho . It is displayed on Lesotho license plates . Betsey Metcalf Baker (née Betsey Metcalf; 1786–1867) was a manufacturer of straw bonnets , entrepreneur, and social activist based in Providence, Rhode Island and Westwood, Massachusetts. At age twelve, she developed a technique for braiding straw, allowing her to emulate

306-417: A woman wearing a woven hat. One of the earliest known confirmed hats was worn by a Bronze Age man (nicknamed Ötzi ) whose body (including his hat) was found frozen in a mountain between Austria and Italy, where he had been since around 3250 BC. He was found wearing a bearskin cap with a chin strap, made of several hides stitched together, essentially resembling a Russian fur hat without the flaps. One of

340-468: Is a collection of religious headgear assembled by a German entrepreneur, Dieter Philippi, located in Kirkel . The collection features over 500 hats, and is currently the world's largest collection of clerical, ecclesiastical and religious head coverings. This is a short list of some common and iconic examples of hats. There is a longer version at List of hat styles Hat sizes are determined by measuring

374-587: Is an Irish milliner whose hats have been commissioned by top designers and worn at royal weddings. In North America, the well-known cowboy-hat manufacturer Stetson made the headgear for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Texas Rangers . John Cavanagh was one of the notable American hatters. Italian hat maker Borsalino has covered the heads of Hollywood stars and the world's rich and famous. The Philippi Collection

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408-931: The Pileus , a simple skull-like cap; the Phrygian cap , worn by freed slaves in Greece and Rome (which became iconic in America during the Revolutionary War and the French Revolution , as a symbol of the struggle for liberty against the Monarchy); and the Greek petasos , the first known hat with a brim. Women wore veils, kerchiefs, hoods, caps and wimples . Like Ötzi, the Tollund Man was preserved to

442-468: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police . Some hats have a protective function. As examples, the hard hat protects construction workers' heads from injury by falling objects, a British police Custodian helmet protects the officer's head, a sun hat shades the face and shoulders from the sun, a cowboy hat protects against sun and rain and an ushanka fur hat with fold-down earflaps keeps the head and ears warm. Some hats are worn for ceremonial purposes, such as

476-559: The circumference of a person's head about 1 centimetre ( 2 ⁄ 5  in) above the ears. Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. Felt hats can be stretched for a custom fit. Some hats, like hard hats and baseball caps , are adjustable. Cheaper hats come in "standard sizes", such as small, medium, large, extra large: the mapping of measured size to the various "standard sizes" varies from maker to maker and style to style, as can be seen by studying various catalogues, such as Hammacher Schlemmer . US hat size

510-646: The mortarboard , which is worn (or carried) during university graduation ceremonies. Some hats are worn by members of a certain profession, such as the Toque worn by chefs, or the mitre worn by Christian bishops . Adherents of certain religions regularly wear hats, such as the turban worn by Sikhs , or the church hat that is worn as a headcovering by Christian women during prayer and worship. While there are not many official records of hats before 3,000 BC, they probably were commonplace before that. The 27,000-to-30,000-year-old Venus of Willendorf figurine may depict

544-712: The Royal Enclosure must wear hats. This tradition was adopted at other horse racing events, such as the Kentucky Derby in the United States. Extravagant hats were popular in the 1980s, and in the early 21st century, flamboyant hats made a comeback, with a new wave of competitive young milliners designing creations that include turban caps, trompe-l'œil -effect felt hats and tall headpieces made of human hair. Some new hat collections have been described as "wearable sculpture". Many pop stars, among them Lady Gaga , have commissioned hats as publicity stunts. One of

578-457: The activity died out is probably connected with the disappearance of the tradition of the seasonal switch from straw to felt hats. While Panama hats remained in fashion during the 1930s, the straw boater became less fashionable. Straw hats for men continued to be manufactured but they were more similar to hats such as the Panama, trilby or fedora in shape. By the 1950s the classic straw boater

612-474: The area. The more innocuous stomping turned into a brawl when the youths tried to stomp a group of dock workers' hats, and the dock workers fought back. The brawl soon stopped traffic on the Manhattan Bridge and was eventually broken up by police, leading to some arrests. Although the initial brawl was broken up by police, the fights continued to escalate the next evening. Gangs of teenagers prowled

646-524: The early 20th century, straw boaters were considered acceptable day attire in North American cities at the height of summer even for businessmen, but there was an unwritten rule that one was not supposed to wear a straw hat past September 15 (which was known as "Felt Hat Day"). This date was arbitrary; earlier it had been September 1, but it eventually shifted to mid-month. It was socially acceptable for stockbrokers to destroy each other's hats, due to

680-521: The end of the century, many other styles were introduced, among them hats with wide brims and flat crowns, the flower pot and the toque. By the middle of the 1920s, when women began to cut their hair short, they chose hats that hugged the head like a helmet. The tradition of wearing hats to horse racing events began at the Royal Ascot in Britain, which maintains a strict dress code. All guests in

714-467: The fact that they were “companions”, but it was not acceptable for total strangers. If any man was seen wearing a straw hat, he was, at minimum, subjecting himself to ridicule, and it was a tradition for youths to knock straw hats off wearers' heads and stomp on them. This tradition became well established, and newspapers of the day would often warn people of the impending approach of the fifteenth, when men would have to switch to felt or silk hats. Hat bashing

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748-437: The first pictorial depictions of a hat appears in a tomb painting from Thebes, Egypt , which shows a man wearing a conical straw hat, dated to around 3200 BC. Hats were commonly worn in ancient Egypt. Many upper-class Egyptians shaved their heads , then covered it in a headdress intended to help them keep cool. Ancient Mesopotamians often wore conical hats or ones shaped somewhat like an inverted vase. Other early hats include

782-473: The gap, with over $ 500,000 ($ 9 million in today's money) worth of straw bonnets produced in Massachusetts alone in 1810. On May 5, 1809, Mary Dixon Kies received a patent for a new technique of weaving straw with silk and thread to make hats. Some sources say she was the first woman to receive a US Patent, however other sources cite Hannah Slater in 1793, or Hazel Irwin, who received

816-529: The late 16th century. The term 'milliner' comes from the Italian city of Milan , where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a woman's occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit. In the first half of the 19th century, women wore bonnets that gradually became larger, decorated with ribbons, flowers, feathers, and gauze trims . By

850-488: The most famous London hatters is James Lock & Co. of St James's Street . The shop claims to be the oldest operating hat shop in the world. Another was Sharp & Davis of 6 Fish Street Hill . In the late 20th century, museums credited London-based David Shilling with reinventing hats worldwide. Notable Belgian hat designers are Elvis Pompilio and Fabienne Delvigne ( Royal warrant of appointment holder ), whose hats are worn by European royals. Philip Treacy OBE

884-400: The original riot, all stations were told to keep an eye out for hat-snatching teenagers. E.C. Jones claimed to have seen around 1,000 teenagers in a mob roaming around Amsterdam Avenue. One victim, Harry Gerber, was kicked so badly he had to be hospitalized. The tradition of hat smashing continued for some time after the riots of 1922. In 1924, a man was murdered for wearing a straw hat. That

918-401: The present day with a hat on, probably having died around 400 BC in a Danish bog, which mummified him. He wore a pointed cap made of sheepskin and wool, fastened under the chin by a hide thong. St. Clement , the patron saint of felt hatmakers , is said to have discovered felt when he filled his sandals with flax fibers to protect his feet, around 800 AD. In the Middle Ages, hats were

952-425: The riots, although several off-duty police officers found themselves caught up in the brawl when rioters attempted to snatch their hats. Two or three boys were accosted by pedestrians who said that their straw hats had been smashed; the boys were arrested. Many of those taken to court following arrests related to the hat-snatching frenzy opted to be fined rather than serve time in jail. The longest recorded time one of

986-400: The same date (left). In the middle of the 18th century, it was fashionable for rich ladies to dress as country girls with a low crowned and wide brimmed straw hat to complete the look. Hat A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as

1020-494: The streets wielding large sticks, sometimes with a nail driven through the top for hooking hats, looking for pedestrians wearing straw hats and beating those who resisted. One man claimed that his hat was taken and the group who had taken his hat joined a mob of about 1,000 that was snatching hats all along Amsterdam Avenue . Several men were hospitalized from the beatings they received after resisting having their hats taken, and many arrests were made. Police were slow to respond to

1054-599: The styles of expensive straw bonnets and make them accessible to working-class women. Rather than patent her technique, Baker taught the women in her community how to make straw bonnets, enabling the development of a cottage industry in New England. Because of the Napoleonic Wars , the United States embargoed all trade with France and Great Britain for a time, creating a need for American-made hats to replace European millinery . The straw-weaving industry filled

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1088-468: The teens was sent to jail was three days served by an "A. Silverman", who was sentenced by Magistrate Peter A. Hatting during night court. In one incident, a group of boys armed with sticks attacked people near 109th Street. Seven youths brought to the East 104th Street police station were under 15 and were not arrested. Their parents were summoned to administer corporal punishment. After the station dealt with

1122-465: Was only socially acceptable after September 15, but there were multiple occasions leading up to this date where the police had to intervene and stop teenagers. The riot itself began on September 13, 1922, two days before the supposed unspoken date, when a group of youths decided to get an early jump on the tradition. This group began in the former " Mulberry Bend " area of Manhattan by removing and stomping hats worn by factory workers who were employed in

1156-469: Was virtually extinct as a garment, except in specialized circumstances such as the uniform of certain English public schools or university and college sportswear. Straw hat A straw hat is a wide-brimmed hat woven out of straw or straw-like synthetic materials . Straw hats are a type of sun hat designed to shade the head and face from direct sunlight, but are also used in fashion as

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