Stryków [ˈstrɨkuf] is a town in central Poland , in Łódź Voivodeship , in Zgierz County . It has 3,428 inhabitants (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land .
24-614: The first mention of Stryków was in 1387. Stryków was a village situated on the route from Zgierz to Łowicz . Stryków received town rights in 1394 from King Władysław II Jagiełło , at the request of the heir of the town founder, Deresław Strykowski. It was a private town , administratively located in the Brzeziny County in the Łęczyca Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In
48-417: A meeting there. Zgierz acquired its town rights some time before 1288, and those rights were renewed by Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1420. In 1494, King John I Albert exempted the town from taxes for 10 years, and in 1504, King Alexander Jagiellon established three annual fairs . Zgierz was a royal city of Poland, administratively located in the Łęczyca County in the Łęczyca Voivodeship in
72-508: Is a city in central Poland , located just to the north of Łódź , and part of the metropolitan area centered on that city. As of 2021, it had a population of 54,974. Located within the historic Łęczyca Land , it is the capital of Zgierz County in the Łódź Voivodeship . Zgierz is one of the oldest cities in central Poland. The oldest known mention of Zgierz comes from 1231, when two dukes of fragmented Piast -ruled Poland , Władysław Odonic of Greater Poland and Konrad I of Masovia , held
96-717: The Intelligenzaktion , Germans carried out large massacres of Poles from the region in the nearby forests of Łagiewniki and Lućmierz , killing hundreds and thousands of people respectively. Germans also carried out expulsions of Poles and deported over 8,000 people to forced labour to Germany. Some were also killed in Nazi concentration camps , including the interwar director of the local State School of Economics, Jakub Stefan Cezak, and local Protestant parish priest, Aleksander Falzman. Schools were closed, factories were looted , Polish monuments were destroyed. Despite this,
120-667: The Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II , on September 3 and 5, 1939, Zgierz was raided by Germany, and captured on September 6. Already in September 1939, the Germans committed first atrocities against Poles and carried out executions of Polish civilian defenders. Inhabitants of Zgierz were also among Poles murdered in nearby Łagiewniki on September 12 and in Retki on September 16. As part
144-606: The Holy Roman Empire . The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter. The early dukes and kings of Poland are said to have regarded themselves as descendants of the semi-legendary Piast the Wheelwright ( Piast Kołodziej ), first mentioned in the Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum (Chronicles and deeds of
168-753: The Kievan Rus' , later also the State of the Teutonic Order and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were mighty neighbours. The Piast position was decisively enfeebled by an era of fragmentation following the 1138 Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth . For nearly 150 years, the Polish state shattered into several duchies, with the Piast duke against the formally valid principle of agnatic seniority fighting for
192-575: The Polish underground resistance movement was active in Zgierz. Before the war, Zgierz had a thriving Jewish community of around 4,000, which formed 16,6% of the town's populace as of 1931. When the Germans occupied the town, they began persecuting the Jews, with the assistance of local ethnic Germans . The synagogue was burned and Jews were kidnapped from the streets for forced labor. Many tried to flee
216-705: The 14th century were vassals of the Bohemian Crown . After the Polish royal line and Piast junior branch had died out in 1370, the Polish crown fell to the Anjou king Louis I of Hungary , son of late King Casimir's sister Elizabeth Piast . The Masovian branch of the Piasts became extinct with the death of Duke Janusz III in 1526. The last ruling duke of the Silesian Piasts was George William of Legnica who died in 1675. His uncle Count August of Legnica ,
240-513: The Jews deported to Łódz and Głowno were caught up in the fate of those communities, and most were later deported to the Treblinka extermination camp . As many as 350 Jewish residents of Zgierz survived the war, but did not return to the town. On March 20, 1942, the Germans carried out a public execution of 100 Poles in the town, who were then buried in Lućmierz-Las . A memorial was erected at
264-608: The center of Stryków, are the remains of the Jewish cemetery, where the last burial took place in 1946. In the post-war period, Stryków has become a bedroom community for the Łódź metropolis - many residents working in Łódź or in Zgierz and the new industrial estates. Stryków now has many great opportunities, being located at the intersection of the two major highways in Poland , A-1 and A-2 . Zgierz Zgierz [zɡʲɛʂ]
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#1732773148728288-470: The dukes or princes of the Poles), written c. 1113 by Gallus Anonymus . However, the term "Piast Dynasty" was not applied until the 17th century. In a historical work, the expression Piast dynasty was introduced by the Polish historian Adam Naruszewicz ; it is not documented in contemporary sources. The first "Piasts", probably of Polan descent, appeared around 940 in the territory of Greater Poland at
312-675: The expansionist policies of the Holy Roman Empire in the west, resulting in a chequered co-existence, with Piast rulers like Mieszko I, Casimir I the Restorer or Władysław I Herman trying to protect the Polish state by treaties, oath of allegiances and marriage alliances with the Imperial Ottonian and Salian dynasties. The Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty , the Hungarian Arpads and their Anjou successors,
336-534: The last male Piast, died in 1679. The last legitimate heir, Duchess Karolina of Legnica-Brieg died in 1707 and is buried in Trzebnica Abbey . Nevertheless, numerous families, like the illegitimate descendants of the Silesian duke Adam Wenceslaus of Cieszyn (1574–1617), link their genealogy to the dynasty. About 1295, Przemysł II used a coat of arms with a white eagle – a symbol later referred to as
360-528: The middle of the eighteenth century, the town had 45 artisans (13 clothiers, 5 merchants and shopkeepers, and 5 others) and was a local center of commerce and crafts. It was also a center of aristocratic wealth. In 1744 the town received the privilege of organizing eight fairs a year. Stryków belonged to medium-sized cities. Textile manufacturing was attempted by the then owner Felix Czarnecki but without success. The town economy remained centered on crafts and agriculture. Contemporary activities have left traces of
384-571: The old town in the form of an existing semi-circular square in the town center. After the Second Partition of Poland , Stryków was annexed by Kingdom of Prussia , and later in the period 1807–15 in the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw and then in the Russian-controlled Polish Kingdom , from 1867 on as part of Piotrków Governorate . In the nineteenth century Stryków lost its town rights. The reason for
408-569: The site of the massacre after the war. Around 50 Poles from Zgierz took part in the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. In total over 7,600 inhabitants of Zgierz died under German occupation, which ended in January 1945. Town limits were expanded in 1954, 1959, and 1988. The local football team is Boruta Zgierz [ pl ] . It competes in the lower leagues. Zgierz is twinned with: Piast dynasty The House of Piast
432-532: The stagnation of population growth was the rapid development of nearby Łódź and rapidly growing Pabianice and Zgierz. In 1902 Stryków was linked by rail to Warsaw and Łódź , which was followed by population growth. This rail link was closed for some years but was reopened in October 2011. Shortly after regaining town rights in 1923, Stryków recovered as a town, with the economy based on shoemaking and tailoring. In Stryków yarn and textiles were produced, and there
456-652: The stronghold of Giecz . Shortly afterwards they relocated their residence to Gniezno , where Prince Mieszko I ruled over the Civitas Schinesghe from about 960. The Piasts temporarily also ruled over Pomerania , Bohemia and the Lusatias , as well as part of Ruthenia , and the Hungarian Spiš region in present-day Slovakia . The ruler bore the title of a duke or a king , depending on their position of power. The Polish monarchy had to deal with
480-679: The throne at Kraków , the capital of the Lesser Polish Seniorate Province . Numerous dukes like Mieszko III the Old , Władysław III Spindleshanks or Leszek I the White were crowned, only to be overthrown shortly afterwards, and others restored and ousted, at times repeatedly. The senior branch of the Silesian Piasts, descendants of Bolesław III Wrymouth 's eldest son Duke Władysław II the Exile , went separate ways and since
504-474: The town, though some of these returned. In December, 1939, the Germans deported 2500 of the Jews to Głowno in the General Gouvernment , German-occupied central Poland. Left behind were fewer than 100 Jews, mostly craftsmen thought to be useful to the Germans. In 1942, these Jews were deported to the Łódź Ghetto . This history is unusual in that no mass killings in Zgierz were reported. Of course,
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#1732773148728528-536: The Łódz ghetto and most to the Chełmno extermination camp where they were gassed immediately. Only around 20 survived the war. Poles in the town were used as forced labor during the German occupation . The town was 45% smaller after the war due to the outflow of local Germans who moved west with the retreating German troops, the murder of almost the entire Jewish community, and deaths in the Polish community. Northwest of
552-494: Was a brickyard. The town had approximately 5,000 inhabitants in 1939 when the German troops arrived to occupy the town. About 2,000, or 40 percent, were Jewish. They were abused constantly by the German policemen and the local ethnic German population. Their possessions were stolen. After being forced into an overcrowded ghetto (up to eight people shared each room) with no sewage system, in 1942 they were rounded up. Some were sent to
576-670: Was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland . The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I ( c. 960 –992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great . Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within
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