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43-599: The Sutherland Trophy was created in 1958 by the British Film Institute (BFI) as an annual award for "the maker of the most original and imaginative [first or second] feature film introduced at the National Film Theatre during the year". The award was named after a patron of the BFI, George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland . In 1997, the criteria changed to honour the maker of

86-515: A cinema showing. The BFI also distributes archival and cultural cinema to other venues – each year to more than 800 venues all across the UK, as well as to a substantial number of overseas venues. The BFI offers a range of education initiatives, in particular to support the teaching of film and media studies in schools. In late 2012, the BFI received money from the Department for Education to create

129-440: A color space such as YCbCr, and the analog waveform is typically found nowhere other than in legacy I/O devices. Standards for the digital video frame raster include Rec. 601 for standard-definition television and Rec. 709 for high-definition television . Video frames are typically identified using SMPTE time code . The frame is composed of picture elements just like a chess board. Each horizontal set of picture elements

172-416: A compromise should be reached in system designs both for satisfactory image quality and affordable price. The key parameter to determine the lowest resolution still satisfactory to viewers is the viewing distance, i.e. the distance between the eyes and the monitor. The total resolution is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. If d is the distance, r is the required minimum resolution and k

215-447: A frame from mid-time of the video. Some platforms offer the option to choose a different frame individually. Video and film artists sometimes use still frames within the video/film to achieve special effects , like freeze-frame shots or still motion . For criminal investigations it has become a frequent use to publish still frames from surveillance videos in order to identify suspect persons and to find more witnesses. Videos of

258-545: A range of industry figures. The delayed redevelopment of the National Film Theatre finally took place in 2007, creating in the rebranded "BFI Southbank" new education spaces, a contemporary art gallery dedicated to the moving image (the BFI Gallery ), and a pioneering mediatheque which for the first time enabled the public to gain access, free of charge, to some of the otherwise inaccessible treasures in

301-531: A variety of niche and art films. The institute was founded in 1933. Despite its foundation resulting from a recommendation in a report on Film in National Life , at that time the institute was a private company, though it has received public money throughout its history. This came from the Privy Council and Treasury until 1965, and from the various culture departments since then. The institute

344-417: Is a single static image taken from a film or video , which are kinetic (moving) images. Still frames are also called freeze frame , video prompt, preview or misleadingly thumbnail , keyframe , poster frame, or screen shot/grab/capture/dump . Freeze frames are widely used on video platforms and in video galleries, to show viewers a preview or a teaser . Many video platforms have a standard to display

387-599: Is being supported by the Department for Education in England who have committed £1m per annum funding from April 2012 and 31 March 2015. It is also funded through the National Lottery , Creative Scotland and Northern Ireland Screen . On 29 November 2016, the BFI announced that over 100,000 television programmes are to be digitised before the video tapes, which currently have an estimated five-to-six-year shelf life, become unusable. The BFI aims to make sure that

430-427: Is given as follows: The system is able to transmit 5 000 000 sine signals in a second. Since the frame rate is 25, the maximum number of sine signals per frame is 200 000. Dividing this number by the number of lines gives the maximum number of sine signals in a line which is 320. (Actually about 19% of each line is devoted to auxiliary services. So the number of maximum useful sine signals is about 260.) A still frame

473-431: Is in relation to the size of the projection screen , the sharper the image will appear. The size of the film frame of motion picture film also depends on the location of the holes, the size of the holes, the shape of the holes. and the location and type of sound stripe. The most common film format, 35 mm , has a frame size of 36 by 24 mm when used in a still 35 mm camera where the film moves horizontally, but

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516-459: Is known as a line . The picture elements in a line are transmitted as sine signals where a pair of dots, one dark and one light can be represented by a single sine. The product of the number of lines and the number of maximum sine signals per line is known as the total resolution of the frame. The higher the resolution the more faithful the displayed image is to the original image. But higher resolution introduces technical problems and extra cost. So

559-512: Is significantly reduced by the application of sound track(s). A system called KeyKode is often used to identify specific physical film frames in a production. Historically, video frames were represented as analog waveforms in which varying voltages represented the intensity of light in an analog raster scan across the screen. Analog blanking intervals separated video frames in the same way that frame lines did in film. For historical reasons, most systems used an interlaced scan system in which

602-425: Is the normal, except in some special venue systems, such as IMAX , Showscan and Iwerks 70 , where 30, 48 or even 60 frame/s have been used. Silent films and 8 mm amateur movies used 16 or 18 frame/s. In a strip of movie film, individual frames are separated by frame lines . Normally, 24 frames are needed for one second of film. In ordinary filming, the frames are photographed automatically, one after

645-399: Is the proportionality constant which depends on the size of the monitor; Since the number of lines is approximately proportional to the resolution per line, the above relation can also be written as where n is the number of lines. That means that the required resolution is proportional to the height of the monitor and inversely proportional to the viewing distance. In moving picture (TV)

688-508: The BBC , including The Lost World of Mitchell & Kenyon , The Lost World of Friese-Greene and The Lost World of Tibet . The BFI has also produced contemporary artists' moving image work, most notably through the programme of the BFI Gallery , which was located at BFI Southbank from March 2007 to March 2011. The programme of the gallery resulted in several new commissions by leading artists, including projects which engaged directly with

731-526: The BFI Film & TV Database and Summary of Information on Film and Television (SIFT), which are databases of credits, synopses and other information about film and television productions. SIFT has a collection of about 7 million still frames from film and television. The BFI has co-produced a number of television series featuring footage from the BFI National Archive, in partnership with

774-675: The BFI Production Board . The institute received a royal charter in 1983. This was updated in 2000, and in the same year the newly established UK Film Council took responsibility for providing the BFI's annual grant-in-aid (government subsidy). As an independent registered charity, the BFI is regulated by the Charity Commission and the Privy Council. In 1988, the BFI opened the London Museum of

817-431: The J.F. Kennedy assassination have been often discussed frame-by-frame for various interpretations. For medical diagnostics it is very useful to watch still frames of Magnetic resonance imaging videos. Some humor in animation is based on the fourth wall aspect of the film frame itself, with some animation showing characters leaving what is assumed to be the edge of the film or the film malfunctioning. This latter one

860-620: The National Lottery to encourage film production, distribution, and education. It is sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport , and partially funded under the British Film Institute Act 1949 . The BFI was established in 1933 to encourage the development of the arts of film, television and the moving image throughout the United Kingdom, to promote their use as a record of contemporary life and manners, to promote education about film, television and

903-828: The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport . The BFI operates with three sources of income. The largest is public money allocated by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport . For the year 2021–22, the BFI received £74.31m from the DCMS as Grant-in-Aid funding. The second largest source is commercial activity such as receipts from ticket sales at BFI Southbank or the BFI London IMAX theatre (£5m in 2007), sales of DVDs, etc. Thirdly, grants and sponsorship of around £5m are obtained from various sources, including National Lottery funding grants, private sponsors and through donations ( J. Paul Getty, Jr. , who died in 2003, left

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946-465: The illusion of a moving image. The frame is also sometimes used as a unit of time, so that a momentary event might be said to last six frames, the actual duration of which depends on the frame rate of the system, which varies according to the video or film standard in use. In North America and Japan, 30 frames per second (fps) is the broadcast standard, with 24 frames/s now common in production for high-definition video shot to look like film. In much of

989-655: The BFI Film Academy Network for young people aged between 16 and 25. A residential scheme is held at the NFTS every year. The BFI runs the annual London Film Festival along with BFI Flare: London LGBT Film Festival and the youth-orientated Future Film Festival . The BFI publishes the monthly Sight & Sound magazine, as well as films on Blu-ray , DVD and books. It runs the BFI National Library (a reference library), and maintains

1032-658: The BFI National Archive facilities in Hertfordshire and Warwickshire. During 2009, the UK Film Council persuaded the government that there should only be one main public-funded body for film, and that body should be the UKFC, while the BFI should be abolished. In 2010, the government announced that there would be a single body for film. Despite intensive lobbying (including, controversially, using public funding to pay public relations agencies to put its case forward),

1075-609: The BFI National Archive, among which are Patrick Keiller 's 'The City of the Future', Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard 's 'RadioMania: An Abandoned Work' and Deimantas Narkevicious' 'Into the Unknown'. The Gallery also initiated projects by film-makers such as Michael Snow , Apichatpong Weerasethakul , Jane and Louise Wilson and John Akomfrah . The BFI also operates a streaming service called BFI Player. This streaming service offers

1118-417: The BFI a legacy of around £1m in his will). The BFI is also the distributor for all Lottery funds for film (in 2011–12 this amounted to c.£25m). As well as its work on film, the BFI also devotes a large amount of its time to the preservation and study of British television programming and its history. In 2000, it published a high-profile list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes , as voted for by

1161-597: The Moving Image (MOMI) on the South Bank . MOMI was acclaimed internationally and set new standards for education through entertainment, but it did not receive the high levels of continuing investment that might have enabled it to keep pace with technological developments and ever-rising audience expectations. The museum was "temporarily" closed in 1999 when the BFI stated that it would be re-sited. This did not happen, and MOMI's closure became permanent in 2002 when it

1204-585: The National Film & Television Archive. The mediatheque has proved to be the most successful element of this redevelopment, and there are plans to roll out a network of them across the UK. An announcement of a £25 million capital investment in the Strategy for UK Screen Heritage was made by Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport at the opening night of the 2007 London Film Festival. The bulk of this money paid for long overdue development of

1247-447: The UKFC failed to persuade the government that it should have that role and, instead, the BFI took over most of the UKFC's functions and funding from 1 April 2011, with the UKFC being subsequently abolished. Since then, the BFI has been responsible for all Lottery funding for film—originally in excess of £25m p.a., and currently in excess of £40m p.a. The BFI Film Academy forms part of the BFI's overall 5–19 Education Scheme. The programme

1290-629: The collection is British material but it also features internationally significant holdings from around the world. The Archive also collects films which feature key British actors and the work of British directors. The BFI runs the BFI Southbank (formerly the National Film Theatre (NFT)) and the BFI IMAX cinema, both located on the south bank of the River Thames in London. The IMAX has

1333-429: The edges of the image as seen in a camera viewfinder or projected on a screen. Thus, the camera operator can be said to keep a car in frame by panning with it as it speeds past. When the moving picture is displayed, each frame is flashed on a screen for a short time (nowadays, usually 1/24, 1/25 or 1/30 of a second) and then immediately replaced by the next one. Persistence of vision blends the frames together, producing

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1376-416: The frame size varies when used for motion picture where the film moves vertically (with the exception of VistaVision and Technirama where the film moves horizontally). Using a 4-perf pulldown , there are exactly 16 frames in one foot of 35 mm film, leading to film frames sometimes being counted in terms of " feet and frames ". The maximum frame size is 18 by 24 mm, (silent/full aperture), but this

1419-408: The frame typically consisted of two video fields sampled over two slightly different periods of time. This meant that a single video frame was usually not a good still picture of the scene, unless the scene being shot was completely still. With the dominance of digital technology, modern video systems now represent the video frame as a rectangular raster of pixels , either in an RGB color space or

1462-462: The largest cinema screen in the UK and shows popular recent releases and short films showcasing its technology, which includes IMAX 70mm screenings, IMAX 3D screenings and 11,600 watts of digital surround sound. BFI Southbank (the National Film Theatre screens and the Studio) shows films from all over the world, particularly critically acclaimed historical and specialised films that may not otherwise get

1505-408: The lines are scanned; only the lines with odd numbers in the first phase and only the lines with even numbers in the second phase. Each scan is known as a field . So the field rate is two times the frame rate. In system B the number of lines is 625 and the frame rate is 25. The maximum video bandwidth is 5 MHz. The maximum number of sine signals the system is theorically capable of transmitting

1548-558: The most original and imaginative first feature screened during the London Film Festival . The award is a sculpture in silver by Gerald Benney. It is presented on the closing night of the Festival. British Film Institute The British Film Institute ( BFI ) is a film and television charitable organisation which promotes and preserves film-making and television in the United Kingdom. The BFI uses funds provided by

1591-720: The moving image generally, and their impact on society, to promote access to and appreciation of the widest possible range of British and world cinema and to establish, care for and develop collections reflecting the moving image history and heritage of the United Kingdom. The BFI maintains the world's largest film archive , the BFI National Archive , previously called National Film Library (1935–1955), National Film Archive (1955–1992), and National Film and Television Archive (1993–2006). The archive contains more than 50,000 fiction films, over 100,000 non-fiction titles, and around 625,000 television programmes. The majority of

1634-399: The number of frames scanned per second is known as the frame rate. The higher the frame rate, the better the sense of motion. But again, increasing the frame rate introduces technical difficulties. So the frame rate is fixed at 25 ( System B/G ) or 29.97 ( System M ). To increase the sense of motion it is customary to scan the very same frame in two consecutive phases. In each phase only half of

1677-412: The other, in a movie camera . In special effects or animation filming, the frames are often shot one at a time. The size of a film frame varies, depending on the still film format or the motion picture film format . In the smallest 8 mm amateur format for motion pictures film, it is only about 4.8 by 3.5 mm, while an IMAX frame is as large as 69.6 by 48.5 mm. The larger the frame size

1720-540: The rest of the world, 25 frames/s is standard. In systems historically based on NTSC standards, for reasons originally related to the Chromilog NTSC TV systems, the exact frame rate is actually (3579545 / 227.5) / 525 = 29.970026164312 fps. This leads to many synchronization problems which are unknown outside the NTSC world, and also brings about hacks such as drop-frame timecode . In film projection, 24 fps

1763-457: The television archive is still there in 200 years' time. The BFI announced in February 2021 that it is teaming up with American diversity and inclusion program #StartWith8Hollywood founded by Thuc Doan Nguyen to make it global. The BFI is currently chaired by Jay Hunt and run by CEO Ben Roberts. Still frame The term may also be used more generally as a noun or verb to refer to

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1806-532: Was decided to redevelop the South Bank site. This redevelopment was itself then further delayed. The BFI is currently managed on a day-to-day basis by its chief executive, Ben Roberts. Supreme decision-making authority rests with a chair and a board of up to 15 governors. The current chair is Jay Hunt , a television executive, who took up the post in February 2024. Governors, including the Chair, are appointed by

1849-709: Was restructured following the Radcliffe Report of 1948, which recommended that it should concentrate on developing the appreciation of filmic art, rather than creating film itself. Thus control of educational film production passed to the National Committee for Visual Aids in Education and the British Film Academy assumed control for promoting production. From 1952 to 2000, the BFI provided funding for new and experimental film-makers via

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