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26-745: In the strictest sense of the term, Suzdalian Chronicle only means the segment between 1177 and 1203, the preserved source texts of which are very similar in four surviving manuscripts: the Laurentian Codex , the Radziwiłł Chronicle , the Academic Chronicle , and the Chronicler of Pereyaslavl-Suzdal (LPS). In its broadest sense, the Suzdalian Chronicle encompasses events from 1111 to 1305, as transmitted in

52-461: A new, autonomous tradition was initiated in the northeast.' Soviet historian Yakov Lur'e (1985) theorised about the common source of the Kievan and Suzdalian chronicles for the years 1118–1157: 'Probably, it was not a single document, but a whole group of interconnected southern Rus' svods (Kiev, Pereyaslavl'-Southern ) in the 12th–13th centuries.' The Laurentian Codex compiled several codices of

78-559: Is contained in the Suzdalian Chronicle , but not the Kievan Chronicle . Nevertheless, both are continuations of the Primary Chronicle , which mentions the related Legend of Rogned' of Polotsk sub anno 980. Laurentian Codex Laurentian Codex or Laurentian Letopis ( Russian : Лаврентьевский список, Лаврентьевская летопись ) is a collection of chronicles that includes the oldest extant version of

104-523: Is missing from Radziwiłł and LPS, which do have an "Amen" in 1185 where Laurentian doesn't, early scholars such as Shakhmatov (1902, 1938), Priselkov (1940) and Prokhorov (1989) to conjecture that the "Vladimir" chronicle was compiled in several stages, with two or three possible redactions taking place in the mid-1170s, in 1185, and/or in 1193. Alan Timberlake (2000) tested these hypotheses linguistically, and found evidence of four distinct segments: 1177–1185a, 1185b–1188, 1189–1190, and 1192–1203. Although he

130-632: The Primary Chronicle and its continuations, mostly relating the events in the northeastern Rus' principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal . The codex was not just copied by the Nizhegorod monk Laurentius commissioned by Dionysius of Suzdal in 1377. The original text on events from 1284 to 1305 was a lost codex compiled for the Grand Duke Mikhail of Tver in 1305, but Laurentius re-edited the presentation of Yuri Vsevolodovich ,

156-552: The Assumption Cathedral where they had sought refuge from the fire collapsed in February 1238. Russian historians ( Vadim Kargalov  [ ru ] , Gelian Prokhorov  [ ru ] ) believe that this information was deliberately falsified. The purpose was to hide the fact that some members of the princely family were captured. The most likely was the capture of Agatha, her daughter Princess Theodora, or

182-518: The Kievan Chronicle framed Andrey's actions as improper and illegal, whereas the Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle omitted any such references. This is in line with how the Kievan is generally ambivalent or openly critical of Andrey's reign, whilst the Suzdal'–Vladimirian is positive and complimentary of his actions. Francis Butler (2012) remarked that the Legend of Gorislava of Polotsk sub anno 1128

208-606: The Laurentian Codex (the oldest surviving copy, dating from 1377, in columns 289–437). The chronicle is about the late period Kievan Rus' , and the Laurentian continuation up to 1305 also includes events of its subsequent Rus' principalities under the early dominion of the Golden Horde . It has a pro- Yurievichi dynastic Tendenz , and a focus on the northeastern principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal , where it

234-772: The Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle omitted any such references. This is in line with how the Kievan is generally ambivalent or openly critical of Andrey's reign, whilst the Suzdal'–Vladimirian is positive and complimentary of his actions. The manuscript was acquired by the famous Count Musin-Pushkin in 1792 and subsequently presented to the Russian National Library in St Petersburg . Yuri II of Vladimir Yuri II ( Russian : Ю́рий–II , also transcribed as Iuri ), also known as George II of Vladimir or as Georgy II Vsevolodovich (26 November 1188 – 4 March 1238),

260-604: The Southern Rus', especially from Pereiaslav , since Vladimir princes regarded the city as part of their patrimony. The original text on events from 1284 to 1305 was a lost codex compiled for the Grand Prince Mikhail of Tver in 1305, but Laurentius re-edited the presentation of Yuri Vsevolodovich , the founder of Nizhny Novgorod , from positive into a negative, partly rehabilitating the role of Tatars. Vasily Komarovich (1976) studied traces of changes within

286-590: The Vladimir chronicles. The Laurentian Codex was not just copied by the Nizhegorod monk Laurentius (commissioned in 1377, either by metropolitan Dionysius of Suzdal , or by prince Dmitry Konstantinovich of Novgorod-Suzdal ). Some scholars think that the entire first section of the Chronicle of Vladimir-Suzdal until the year 1193 was written during the years 1177–1193. Because the Laurentian homily of 1193

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312-757: The Vladimir[-Suzdalian] tradition shares little with the Kievan tradition reflected in the Hypatian text after 1157. Nasonov also documents the fact that there is little shared language between the Vladimir tradition and the Hypatian text in these entries; he attributes these entries to а source in Perejaslavl'-Russkij .' 'After 1157, there are virtually no correspondences between the Laurentian [ Suzdalian ] and Hypatian [ Kievan ] texts, suggesting (although Nasonov stops short of saying this explicitly) that

338-421: The city as part of their patrimony. The compilation referred to various periods until 1305, but the years 898–922, 1263–1283 and 1288–1294 had been omitted for reasons of censorship , and quite likely under supervision of Dionysios, Metropolitan of Kyiv. The revision was done under great rush and another hand in the manuscript proves, that Laurentius' work was assisted by a second scribe whose hand can be found on

364-680: The disastrous Battle of the Kalka River in May 1223. When the Mongols returned in 1237, Yuri treated their envoys with disdain. Likewise, he did not help Ryazan when Batu Khan laid siege to that city in December 1237. His own capital, however, was the next in line. Yuri's sons were soundly defeated near Kolomna , and Yuri himself could barely escape to Yaroslavl. His wife Agatha ( Mikhail of Kiev 's sister) and all his family died in Vladimir when

390-400: The events of 6406–6429 (898–921); after folio 169, five leaves are missing about the events of 6771–6791 (1263–1283); after folio 170, one leaf is missing about the events of 6796–6802 (1288–1293). The number of lost leaves is estimated based on parallel texts from nearby chronicles; there is also a hypothesis that the last lacuna is associated not with the loss of a leaf, but with an omission in

416-549: The founder of Nizhny Novgorod , from positive into a negative, partly rehabilitating the role of Tatars. Vasily Komarovich (1976) studied traces of changes within the manuscript and established a hypothesis about differences between Laurentius' version and the lost one of the Tver chronicle. The Laurentian Codex compiled several codices of the Vladimir chronicles. 173 leaves of the codex have been preserved, while 12 leaves are lost. Between folios 9 and 10, six leaves are missing about

442-566: The later added folios 157, 167, and on the verso side of folio 161. The text of the Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle shows strong similarities with that of the Kievan Chronicle found in the Hypatian Codex , but also some remarkable differences. Jaroslaw Pekenski (1988) made the following comparison (italics by Pelenski): Pelenski observed that the Kievan Chronicle framed Andrey's actions as improper and illegal, whereas

468-417: The manuscript and established a hypothesis about differences between Laurentius' version and the lost one of the Tver chronicle. The text of the Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle shows strong similarities with that of the Kievan Chronicle found in the Hypatian Codex , but also some remarkable differences. Jaroslaw Pekenski (1988) made the following comparison (italics by Pelenski): Pelenski observed that

494-468: The protograph. It is the second edition of Nestor's chronicle, which had been already revised in 1116 by Sylvester, Hegumen of the St. Michael Monastery in the village of Vydubychi, under the reign of Prince Vladimir Monomakh , and it is the oldest version known today. The codex is a unique source for the autobiographical chronicle called Instruction of Vladimir Monomakh . The first part until folio 40 verso

520-675: The throne to Yuri, who received the largest portion of his possessions. Before his death, grand prince Vsevolod divided his territories between his sons; as soon as he died in 1212, the Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1212–1216) broke out between them. Konstantin allied himself with Mstislav the Bold and defeated Yuri and his other brothers on the Lipitsa River . Having gained Vladimir, Konstantin sent Yuri to rule Rostov and Yaroslavl . Two years later Konstantin died, and Yuri

546-803: The young Princess Marina, the wife of Yuri's son Vsevolod Yur'evich  [ ru ] . (Princess Marina was not canonized in the Cathedral of the Vladimir Saints together with the rest of the Vladimir Martyrs  [ ru ] who died in the Assumption Cathedral). Yuri himself was killed on 4 March 1238, in the Battle of the Sit River , when vast Mongol hordes defeated the army of Vladimir-Suzdal. The relics of

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572-486: Was able to confirm redactional activity in 1185, he found other linguistic divisions that no previous scholar had proposed, and concluded there was no boundary in 1193, but instead a continuous narrative from 1192 to 1203. Laurentian , Radziwiłł and LPS 'are quite similar through 1203, at which point they diverge.' The 1193–1212 part, which glorified Vsevolod, was composed in 1212 by his son Yuri II Vsevolodovich of Vladimir . The Vladimir chronicles borrowed from sources of

598-580: Was allowed to return to Vladimir. During his reign in Vladimir, Yuri waged several wars against Volga Bulgaria and founded the fortress of Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River to secure the area from Bulgarian attacks. He installed his younger brother Yaroslav in Novgorod . When the Mongols first approached Russia in 1223, he sent a small unit against them, but it arrived too late to take part in

624-539: Was compiled. A 1959 study by Soviet historian A.N. Nasonov documented how, until the year 1157, the contents of the Suzdalian Chronicle (as found in the Lav., Rad., Aka., and LPS manuscripts) are derivative of the Kievan Chronicle (as found in the Hypatian (Ipat.) and Khlebnikov (Khle.) manuscripts). Alan Timberlake (2000) commented: 'Nasonov 1959 documents that, in general,

650-796: Was the fourth Grand Prince of Vladimir (1212–1216, 1218–1238) who presided over the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal at the time of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' . He was the seventh child and the third and best-loved son of Vsevolod III (Vsevolod the Big Nest) and of Maria Shvarnovna . He first distinguished himself in the battles against Ryazan in 1208. His father wanted Yuri to inherit Rostov and his elder brother Konstantin to succeed him in Vladimir. The latter, however, declared that he would rule both towns or nothing at all. Thereupon Vsevolod disinherited Konstantin and passed

676-489: Was written by an unknown scribe commissioned by Andrew Bogolyubsky . In 1177 it was completed after the assassination of the prince. The second chronicle about Vsevolod the Big Nest continued up to 1193. The third part, which glorified Vsevolod, was composed in 1212 by his son Yuri Vsevolodovich . The Vladimir Chronicles borrowed from sources of the Southern Rus', especially from Pereiaslav , since Vladimir princes regarded

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