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42-657: Suzhou Confucian Temple is located in the central part of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, China. Built by the order of Fan Zhongyan, then the Prefect of Suzhou, it stands across from the street with Garden of Surging Wave Pavilion . In 1035, Fan Zhongyan was the Prefect of Suzhou. He combined the State School and the Confucian Temple, which began the State education. The system was imitated by other places, for which it got

84-509: A certain extent in South Korea , remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic. There has historically been a debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters . Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being ambiguities in simplified representations resulting from

126-409: A corrupt manner. Su Shunqing choose this to express his feelings after his removal from office. After his death the garden passed through many owners and fell into disuse until 1696 CE when it was restored by Song Luo, the governor of Jiangsu Province. In 1827 ownership was transferred to governor Tao Zhu and again in 1873 ownership was transferred to governor Zhang Shusheng. In 1955 the garden

168-401: A famous dialectic conversation between Zhuangzi about fish which. It is a square detached pavilion with a hipped gable roofline and flying eves. It is unique for being located outside the garden walls. It is connected to the garden by a double roofed corridor which runs above a rockery abstractly depicting the 500 arhats . Named after the a line from songs of the south. It is the namesake of

210-500: A grotto with a cave called the Mutual Affinity Stone Chamber. Named from a line by Li Shangyin , "Keep Cassia ( Osmanthus fragrans ) under lock and key not letting its pure fragrance escape". The line was inspired by the 170-year-old Cassia trees in front of this five bay hall. Named after a line from Historical Record of Suzhou by Lu Xiong, which referred to the mythical Yaohua flower. This flower

252-539: A line by Du Fu , "By lamplight I couldn't sleep as the wonderful smell of Prunus mume purified my mind". Coordinated with the verse is a grove of Prunus mume in front of the hall. Built by governor Tao Shu in 1827 to house his collection of 584 engravings of famous sages from Suzhou from the Spring and Autumn period until the Qing dynasty Traditional Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters are

294-613: A standard set of Chinese character forms used to write Chinese languages . In Taiwan , the set of traditional characters is regulated by the Ministry of Education and standardized in the Standard Form of National Characters . These forms were predominant in written Chinese until the middle of the 20th century, when various countries that use Chinese characters began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known variants of

336-482: A total length of about 82 km and 359 bridges are painted on it. These fully reflect the feature of cities in the Yangtze River Delta. It also records more than 50 temples, 12 ancient towers and 65 cross street arches, lots of which remain today. Since the inscription is of considerable antiquity, some obscure points were carved again in 1917. This stone inscription, Pingjiang Tu, is the oldest and kept

378-869: Is 産 (also the accepted form in Japan and Korea), while in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan the accepted form is 產 (also the accepted form in Vietnamese chữ Nôm ). The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the People's Daily are printed in traditional characters, and both People's Daily and Xinhua have traditional character versions of their website available, using Big5 encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers;

420-484: Is a 550-word comment. Besides the four great steles of the Song dynasty, Suzhou Confucian Temple also holds more than 3000 stone inscriptions and about ten thousand rubbings. These included the famous handwriting and poem steles of Lu Ji, Huang Tingjian, Su Xu, Su Shi, Wen Tianxiang and Wen Zhengming. These collections were displayed according to theme, such as Confucius, Confucianism, economy and ancient calligraphy. In 1985,

462-447: Is a huge limestone memorial archway with six columns, three doors and four door leaves. Dacheng Hall, rebuilt in 1474, Ming dynasty, is 7 rooms wide, 13 purlins deep, Zhong Yan Dianding Veranda, and supported by 50 Nanmu columns. Outside the hall are limestone platforms on which is a huge bronze statue of Confucius and inside the hall hangs a giant picture of Confucius, both of which are contemporary works. The magnificent Dacheng Hall,

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504-520: Is the biggest among schools in the southeast. With the abolition of the imperial examination system, an examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best administrative officials for the state's bureaucracy, at the end of the Qing dynasty, the Confucian Temple was gradually abandoned. At present, the temple only occupies 17,800 square metres, which is one sixth of the area when it

546-680: Is the main building of Confucian Temple and its scale is second in Suzhou only to Sanqing Hall in Xuanmiao Taoist temple in Suzhou. There are a substantial number of stone inscriptions in the temple, among which Tianwen Tu 天文圖, Dili Tu 地理圖, Diwangshaoyun Tu 帝王紹運圖, and Pingjiang Tu 平江圖, known as "The Four Great Stone Inscriptions" of the Song dynasty, are the most famous ones. They respectively represent sky, earth, people and city. Formerly placed in Dacheng Hall, they are presently in

588-738: Is the oldest of the UNESCO gardens in Suzhou, keeping its original Song dynasty layout. The name is derived from a verse in the poem Fishermen by Qu Yuan (ca. 340 BCE-278 BCE), a poet from the southern state of Chu during the Warring States period , in his book Songs of the South , "If the Canglang River is dirty I wash my muddy feet; If the Canglang River is clean I wash my ribbon". This verse alludes to an honest official who removes himself from politics rather than act in

630-493: The Chinese Commercial News , World News , and United Daily News all use traditional characters, as do some Hong Kong–based magazines such as Yazhou Zhoukan . The Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified characters. DVDs are usually subtitled using traditional characters, influenced by media from Taiwan as well as by the two countries sharing the same DVD region , 3. With most having immigrated to

672-670: The Great Wave Pavilion , Surging Wave Pavilion , or Blue Wave Pavilion , is one of the Classical Gardens of Suzhou that are jointly recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . It is located at 3 Canglangting Street in Suzhou, Jiangsu China. The Canglang Pavilion was built in 1044 CE by the Song dynasty poet Su Shunqin (1008–1048), on the site of a pre-existing imperial flower garden c 960 CE. It

714-640: The Shanghainese -language character U+20C8E 𠲎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20C8E —a composition of 伐 with the ⼝   'MOUTH' radical—used instead of the Standard Chinese 嗎 ; 吗 . Typefaces often use the initialism TC to signify the use of traditional Chinese characters, as well as SC for simplified Chinese characters . In addition, the Noto, Italy family of typefaces, for example, also provides separate fonts for

756-555: The People's Republic of China, traditional Chinese characters are standardised according to the Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters . Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. There are differences between the accepted traditional forms in mainland China and elsewhere, for example the accepted traditional form of 产 in mainland China

798-532: The Suzhou Confucian Temple was renamed as Suzhou Stone Inscription Museum. 31°17′46″N 120°37′08″E  /  31.2960°N 120.6190°E  / 31.2960; 120.6190 Canglang Pavilion The Canglang Pavilion ( traditional Chinese : 滄浪亭 ; simplified Chinese : 沧浪亭 ; pinyin : Cāng Làng Tíng ; Suzhou Wu : Tshaon laon din, Wu Chinese pronunciation: [tsʰɑ̃ lɑ̃ din] ), variously translated as

840-587: The United States during the second half of the 19th century, Chinese Americans have long used traditional characters. When not providing both, US public notices and signs in Chinese are generally written in traditional characters, more often than in simplified characters. In the past, traditional Chinese was most often encoded on computers using the Big5 standard, which favored traditional characters. However,

882-518: The Yuanfeng reign of the North Song were carved on the upper part of the stele. In the bottom of the stele, there are 2091-word notes that briefly introduced some stars and astronomical phenomena. The notes fully reflect the level of astronomy in that time. Dili Tu is 2 meters high and 1.07 meters wide, which carved the mountains and the city of the Song dynasty in detail on the stele. The note in

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924-520: The bottom of the stele is made up of 645 words, which briefly showed the change of China's territory from Yu The Great to the Song dynasty. Dili Tu and Huayi Tu, Yuji Tu from the Stele Forest in Xi’an were listed as the three oldest national maps. Diwangshaoyun Tu is 1.83 meters high and 1 meter wide. In the upper part, it lists the ancient kings’ lineage clearly by diagram. In the bottom part, there

966-481: The bright moon are priceless; And water nearby and hills afar how beautifully they rate". This composite couplet was composed by governor Liang Zhangju, in honor of the garden. An attached pavilion at the western end of the main hill housing a stele inscribed with poems by the Kangxi Emperor . The name is meant to evoke the feeling of the view of looking from a high mountain. It is a boat building on top of

1008-555: The garden. It was moved from its original location of the Fengxi Stream by Song Luo when he rebuilt the garden. It has a unique all stone construction, and uses flower brackets. It is square with a hipped gable roofline and flying eves, as well as a raised ridge. The ridge, gables, and eves are all richly decorated. A pillar couplet has been formed by one verse from Ouyang Xiu 's The Canglang Pavilion , and Su Shunqin's ( 苏舜钦 ) Passing by Suzhou ( 过苏州 ), "The refreshing breeze and

1050-493: The inverse is equally true as well. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional Chinese characters. In Hong Kong and Macau , traditional characters were retained during the colonial period, while the mainland adopted simplified characters. Simplified characters are contemporaneously used to accommodate immigrants and tourists, often from

1092-725: The mainland. The increasing use of simplified characters has led to concern among residents regarding protecting what they see as their local heritage. Taiwan has never adopted simplified characters. The use of simplified characters in government documents and educational settings is discouraged by the government of Taiwan. Nevertheless, with sufficient context simplified characters are likely to be successfully read by those used to traditional characters, especially given some previous exposure. Many simplified characters were previously variants that had long been in some use, with systematic stroke simplifications used in folk handwriting since antiquity. Traditional characters were recognized as

1134-682: The majority of Chinese text in mainland China are simplified characters , there is no legislation prohibiting the use of traditional Chinese characters, and often traditional Chinese characters remain in use for stylistic and commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertising. Traditional Chinese characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promulgation of the current simplification scheme, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional Chinese characters continue to be used for ceremonial, cultural, scholarly/academic research, and artistic/decorative purposes. In

1176-983: The merging of previously distinct character forms. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets. Traditional characters are known by different names throughout the Chinese-speaking world. The government of Taiwan officially refers to traditional Chinese characters as 正體字 ; 正体字 ; zhèngtǐzì ; 'orthodox characters'. This term is also used outside Taiwan to distinguish standard characters, including both simplified, and traditional, from other variants and idiomatic characters . Users of traditional characters elsewhere, as well as those using simplified characters, call traditional characters 繁體字 ; 繁体字 ; fántǐzì ; 'complex characters', 老字 ; lǎozì ; 'old characters', or 全體字 ; 全体字 ; quántǐzì ; 'full characters' to distinguish them from simplified characters. Some argue that since traditional characters are often

1218-590: The most entirely city plan left in China. It has an extremely high historical value. The other three steles of the Song dynasty were drawn by Huang Shang in the Shaoxi reign of the south Song (1190), and carved by Wang Zhiyuan in the Chunyou reign (1247). Tianwen Tu , 1.9 meters high and 1.08 meters wide, was the oldest, existing, eastern constellations in the world. 1440 stars and 280 constellations which were observed in

1260-677: The official script in Singapore until 1969, when the government officially adopted Simplified characters. Traditional characters still are widely used in contexts such as in baby and corporation names, advertisements, decorations, official documents and in newspapers. The Chinese Filipino community continues to be one of the most conservative in Southeast Asia regarding simplification. Although major public universities teach in simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications such as

1302-700: The original standard forms, they should not be called 'complex'. Conversely, there is a common objection to the description of traditional characters as 'standard', due to them not being used by a large population of Chinese speakers. Additionally, as the process of Chinese character creation often made many characters more elaborate over time, there is sometimes a hesitation to characterize them as 'traditional'. Some people refer to traditional characters as 'proper characters' ( 正字 ; zhèngzì or 正寫 ; zhèngxiě ) and to simplified characters as 簡筆字 ; 简笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'simplified-stroke characters' or 減筆字 ; 减笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'reduced-stroke characters', as

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1344-833: The predominant forms. Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China , Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is a retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in Taiwan , Hong Kong , and Macau , as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia. As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese kanji include many simplified characters known as shinjitai standardized after World War II, sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts . Korean hanja , still used to

1386-518: The saying "State education began from Wu County". Suzhou Temple School had been extended several times, so presently, it takes up a large area. According to the record of County Wu, it had 213 rooms during the Southern Song dynasty (in 1241). In its day, it had classrooms, dormitoroes, exam rooms and canteens, besides the hall and temple. Suzhou Temple School also had gardening architecture, for instance, rockery, pond, bridge and pavilion. Its scale

1428-636: The traditional character set used in Taiwan ( TC ) and the set used in Hong Kong ( HK ). Most Chinese-language webpages now use Unicode for their text. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends the use of the language tag zh-Hant to specify webpage content written with traditional characters. In the Japanese writing system , kyujitai are traditional forms, which were simplified to create shinjitai for standardized Japanese use following World War II. Kyūjitai are mostly congruent with

1470-985: The traditional characters in Chinese, save for minor stylistic variation. Characters that are not included in the jōyō kanji list are generally recommended to be printed in their traditional forms, with a few exceptions. Additionally, there are kokuji , which are kanji wholly created in Japan, rather than originally being borrowed from China. In the Korean writing system , hanja —replaced almost entirely by hangul in South Korea and totally replaced in North Korea —are mostly identical with their traditional counterparts, save minor stylistic variations. As with Japanese, there are autochthonous hanja, known as gukja . Traditional Chinese characters are also used by non-Chinese ethnic groups. The Maniq people living in Thailand and Malaysia use Chinese characters to write

1512-518: The ubiquitous Unicode standard gives equal weight to simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and has become by far the most popular encoding for Chinese-language text. There are various input method editors (IMEs) available for the input of Chinese characters . Many characters, often dialectical variants, are encoded in Unicode but cannot be inputted using certain IMEs, with one example being

1554-619: The wing-room beside the hall, under special protection. Pingjiang Tu is 2.76m high and 1.48m wide. The wired shade was engraved in the second year in the Shaoding reign of the Southern Song dynasty. This inscription delicately describes the layout situation of the prefectural city of Pingjiang (namely Suzhou today) in that time. It labels 613 places, including defensive wall, officials, temples, business houses, academies, warehouses, barracks, gardens, rivers, bridges, roads and such kinds of architectures and places of interest. Dozens of rivers with

1596-587: The words for simplified and reduced are homophonous in Standard Chinese , both pronounced as jiǎn . The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han dynasty c.  200 BCE , with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the Southern and Northern dynasties period c.  the 5th century . Although

1638-527: Was in the prime. However, the architectural layout remains, with the temple and the school. In the eastern temple area, only Ji Men, Dacheng Hall and Chongsheng Memorial Temple are left, and in the western school area, only Pan pond, Qixing pond and Minglun Hall are comparatively complete. Except the Dacheng Hall and the Lingxing Men, most of the architectures we can see now were rebuilt in the Qing dynasty (1864). Lingxing Men, built in 1373, Ming dynasty,

1680-536: Was opened to the public and in 2000 it was added to the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Monuments. The 1.6 ha garden is divided into two main sections. The garden is sited on a branch of the Fengxi Stream which forms a lotus pond. The garden has 108 windows each one with a unique design. Named after a line by Su Shunqing, "Autumn darkens the reddish woods, the sunlight goes through he bamboo elegantly". This irregular building

1722-560: Was said to exist in the Chinese Garden of Eden, and had the quality of sweet smelling and jade like. The name alludes to the noble character of the owner, and was meant to visually evoke something from a fariyland. An attached pavilion at the eastern end of the main hill. It houses a stele inscribed with the poetry of the Qianlong Emperor . An attached square pavilion with a stele portrait of Wen Zhenming. Named after

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1764-551: Was used as a painting studio. Named after a line by Su Shunqin, "He Who turns a blind eye and a deaf ear to what is evil will be enlightened" from A Record of the Great Wave Pavilion . This three bay building was the primary hall of the garden used as a lecture hall. It is attached to an enclosed courtyard with covered corridor on three sides. The side opposite this Hall is anchored by the Realm of Yaohua. Named after

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